人教新课标知识点复习-必修一Unit4Earthquak

Unit4Earthquakes,熟记单词,1(v.&n)摇动，颤抖2(v.&n)上升，起身3(adj.)发臭的，有臭味的4(n.)管，导管5(n.&vi.)爆裂，爆发6(n.)运河，水道,shake,rise,smelly,pipe,burst,canal,7(n.)蒸汽，水汽8(n.)钢，钢铁9(vt.)伤害，损害10(vt.)破坏，毁灭，消灭11(n.)水坝，堰堤12(adj.)无用的，无效的，无益的13(v.&n)震惊，震动；休克，打击,steam,steel,injure,destroy,dam,useless,shock,14(n.&vt.)营救，援救15(n.)电，电学16(n.)灾难，灾祸17(v.)组织，安排18(vt.)埋葬，掩埋，隐藏19(n.)避身处，掩蔽处20(adj.)新鲜的，无经验的,rescue,electricity,disaster,organize,bury,shelter,fresh,翻译词组,1马上，立刻2结束，终结3发现，掘出4煤矿5许多，大量的6分发，发出7成千上万8满不在乎，对评价差,rightaway,atanend,digout,coalmine,a(great)numberof,giveout,tensofthousandsof,thinklittleof,9倒塌10醒来，唤醒11在户外，在露天12为感到骄傲13丧生，遇害14朝方向15筹款16绝望,falldown,wakeup,intheopenair,beproudof,loseoneslife,inthedirectionof,raisemoney,losehope,短文填空,根据课文ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDNTSLEEP完成下列短文。SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976，manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Thewaterinthevillagewellsandfell.Thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedand.Theyweresignsfortheearthquake.Butpeopleinthecitydidntthinkmuchthese.At342amthatday，theearthbegantoshake，destroyedthecity.Manypeople，(include)workersanddoctors，cametothose(trap)undertheruins.Laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakestruckTangshan.Morepeople(kill)orinjuredandbuildingsfelldown.Soldierswerecalledintohelptherescueworkers.Teamswereorganizedtodigoutthetrappedand(bury)thedead.,rose,burst,of,which,including,rescue,trapped,werekilled,more,bury,.单词拼写1Thesun_(升起)intheeasteveryday.2Whenfoodgoesbad，itbecomes_(有味)3Whenwaterisheatedto100，_(水汽)comesoutfromit.4Backfromthecinema，thecouplewere_(震惊)onseeingtheirhousebrokenin.5They_(组织)theyouthstoformagrouptoprotecttheenvironment.,rises,smelly,steam,shocked,organized,6Theybuiltad_ontherivertomakeelectricitywiththewater.7TheUSstartedawarinordertod_SadamsrulinginIraq.8B_arestillamainkindofbuildingmaterialnow.9Thesoldierst_theirenemiesandforcedthemtogivein.10Thedeadbodyofapersonusedtobeb_undertheearth.,am,estroy,ricks,rapped,uried,.短语填空1Hiscarwasburiedbythesnowandhadtobe_.2Theymysuggestion，whichmademealittleupset.3Pleasewaitforamoment.Illfindtheaddressforyou.4Quiteworldfamouspaintingsareonshowinthisexhibition.5Thechildrenwerehappythatthelonghotsummerwasatlast_.,dugout,thoughtlittleof,rightaway,anumberof,atanend,6Weoursonfornotgivingintosuchdifficulties.7Wecouldntcontinueourwayforwehadpetrol.8Theearthquakeleftthewholetown_.Whataterriblesight!9Youmustwatchyourstepsoasnotto_.10Shewasshakingwithterror_shedseensomethingterrible.,areproudof,runoutof,inruins,falldown,asif,.完成句子1Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity，(对这些征兆满不在乎)，wenttobedasusualthatnight.(think)2(有三分之二的人伤亡)duringtheearthquake.(injure)3ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsideTangshan(即使空中没有飞机时)(even),whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,Twothirdsofthepeoplediedorwereinjured,evenwhennoplaneswereinthesky,.模仿造句1Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.翻译好像什么事也没有发生过似的。_2Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.翻译我放眼望去，到处都是死亡与毁灭。_3Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges，allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.翻译她有三个儿子，他们都当了医生。_,Itseemsasifnothinghashappened.,EverywhereIlookedtherewasdeathanddestruction.,Shehadthreesons，allofwhombecamedoctors.,4Ourofficewouldliketohave_you_speaktotheparkvisitorsonJuly28.翻译我们学校想请你明天给学生作个报告。_5Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthose_whodiedintheterribledisaster.翻译上帝只帮助那些自己帮自己的人。_,Ourschoolwantstohaveyougivealecturetothestudentstomorrow.,Godonlyhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.,核心词汇,1.burstvi.爆炸；裂开；突然发生搭配(1)burstinto“突然闯入；突然开始”，后通常接名词。(2)burstout“突然发生；突然爆发”，后可接动名词。短语翻译(1)突然哭起来、笑起来、唱起来burstinto_/_/_(2)突然哭起来、笑起来、唱起来burstout_/_/_,tears,laughter,song,crying,laughing,singing,完成句子(3)飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。Theaircraftcrashedand.(4)看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。Theyattheexpressiononherface.联想burstforth突然出现或发生burstin突然插嘴；打断breakout突然发生，爆发breakinto闯入；突然开始,burstintoflames,burstoutlaughing,2.risevi.&n.上升，提高Hisvoiceroseinexcitement.他在兴奋中声音提高了。搭配(1)ontherise在增长(2)giveriseto引起(3)risetoonesfeet站起身提示rise也可用作可数名词，意为“上升，上涨；增长；升级(长工资)”。如：Soonhegotarise.不久他加了工资。givesb.arise给某人加工资。辨析rise/raise/ariserise不及物动词，作上升讲时指继续上升，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、水蒸汽、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等；raise及物动词，举起，提出，饲养，种植，用作“举起”时，往往有使物体达到应有的高度的含义，可用于具体或抽象的事物。arise由产生的；起床，起身，起立。,3.buryvt.埋葬；掩藏搭配buryoneselfin./beburiedin.埋头于；专心于完成句子(1)离婚后，她埋头于工作。Afterthedivorce，she.(2)他专心学习。He.(3)你的信被压在一堆文件底下。Yourletter_underapileofpapers.(4)他双手插在口袋里缓步而行。Hewalkedslowly，_hispockets.,buriedherselfinherwork,wasburiedinhisstudies,gotburied,hishandsburiedin,4ruinn.废墟复数；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产搭配be/lieinruins严重受损，破败不堪根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。(1)我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹。Wevisited_ofthetemple.(2)不要用粗糙的(harsh)肥皂洗脸。那会损坏你的皮肤。Dontuseharshsoaptowashyourface.Itwill.(3)那城堡现在已成了一片废墟了。Thecastlenow.,theruins,ruinyourskin,liesinruins,5injurevt.伤害，使受伤，损害说出下列各句的大意。(1)Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash._(2)Heinjuredhiskneesyesterday._(3)IhopeIdidntinjureherfeelings._(4)Dishonestyinjuresabusiness._,撞车事故中三人死亡，五人受伤。,他昨天伤了膝盖。,我希望我没有伤害她的感情。,欺骗有害生意。,派生用injure的适当形式填空。(5)_adj.有害的(harmful)(6)_n伤害，损害(7)Hesufferedserious_tothearmsandlegs.(8)Smokingis_tohealth.辨析injure，hurt，wound(1)injure常指在意外事故中受伤，可指身体上或精神上的伤害。(2)hurt没有injure正式，可指身体上的疼痛或精神上的痛苦，也可指感情上的伤害。hurt的伤害可与injure同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛。(3)wound主要指用刀枪等武器打伤、切伤等，多指在战争中或战斗中受伤，有时也用于精神上的伤害，但远不及前两者常见。,injurious,injury,injuries,injurious,用injure，hurt或wound的适当形式填空。(9)Inthatwarhewasseriously_byanenemybullet.(10)Youllherfeelingsifyouforgetherbirthday.(11)Noonewasseriouslyinthetrafficaccident.(12)Thetightshoe_myfoot.(13)The(伤者)wererushedtohospital.解析：(9)在战争中受伤通常用wound。(10)在伤害情感或自尊，多用hurt或injure。(11)指在事故中受伤，用injure或hurt都可以。(12)指轻伤，表示使疼痛，一般只用hurt。(13)表示“受伤的人”用theinjured或thewounded。,wounded,injure/hurt,injured/hurt,hurt,injured/wounded,6.judgevt.判断；判决；评价AsfarasIcanjudge，allofthemaretoblame.依我看，他们都应承担责任。搭配(1)judgesb./sth.(tobe).认为某人(某事)是(2)judge.by/from.根据判断完成句子(1)这次巡回演出被认为是巨大的成功。Thetourwas.(2)在那种情况下，我们认为不去打扰他们是明智的。Atthatpointwe_toleavethemalone.(3)你不能根据封面来判断一本书。Youcant.(4)人们常以学生的考试分数来评判教师的优劣。Teacherstendto.,judgedtohavebeenagreatsuccess,judgeditwise,judgeabookbyitscover,bejudgedbytheirstudentsexamgrades,7shockv.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊派生shocked(人)感到震惊的；shocking(事)令人震惊的根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)我听到这个消息十分震惊。(用多种表达法)aItohearthenews.bIthenews.cmetohearthenews.d.Thenewsashock.(2)听到这个令人震惊的消息，他感到震惊。Hewasshocked.,wasshocked,wasshockedat,Itshocked,gaveme,tohear/attheshockingnews,8rescuen&vt.援救；营救搭配(1)rescuesb./sth.from.抢救，营救，援救(2)go/cometoonesrescue进行援救；营救某人辨析(1)rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援，较save更能表达拯救的紧迫性，一般指救人；它还有从监禁中救出的意思。(2)save指通过救援不但使受害者(人或物)能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可与rescue通用。从某种状态中把某人拯救出来多用save。,用rescue或save填空，并说明理由。(1)只有社会主义才能救中国。Onlysocialismcan_China.(2)救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。Thelifeboatwassentoutto_thesailorsfromthesinkingship.(3)消防队员行动及时，该建筑物方免遭焚毁。Thequickactionofthefiremen_thebuildingfrombeingburneddown.,save,rescue,saved,重点短语例释,1thinklittleof对评价不高有些人对电视上选超级女生评价不高。SomepeopleselectingsupergirlsonTV.联想thinkhighly/well/alot/muchof对有好评thinkpoorly/badly/of对评价不好thinknothing/littleofsth.视为平常；不当一回事thinknothingofit不用谢，不要介意speakwell/illof说的好/坏话,thinklittleof,2.giveout分发；发出(气味、热等)；发表；用尽MylegsgaveoutandIcouldntwalkanyfarther.我腿撑不住了，不能再往前走了。Theresultsoftheexaminationwontbegivenout.考试结果不会公布。联想giveup放弃givein屈服，让步giveoff发出giveaway赠送giveout用完；停止运行用give的相关短语填空(1)Itwasthemayorwho_theprizestothewinners.(2)Finallyhe_tomyviews.(3)Never_thestudyofEnglish.(4)Ourfoodwill_.,gaveaway,gavein,giveup,giveout,3atanend结束，终结(finished)；在末尾联想attheendof在的尽头/末端(指时间、地点等)bytheendof在之前(常与完成时连用)(指时间)intheend最后，终于(finally)putanendto.结束(vt.)cometoanend结束(vi.)用适当的介词填空(1)_theendoflastmonthwewenttoShanghaitohaveacompetition.(2)_theendoflastweekwehadlearnedsixunits.(3)_theendwefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewiththeirhelp.(4)Ourhardtimewas_anend.,At,By,In,at,4anumberof若干；许多，大量的Anumberofquestionshavebeensolved.一些问题已经解决了。提示anumberof后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，其中number前可用large，great，small，good等修饰。归纳alargenumberof许多，大量的asmallnumberof少量的manya后接可数名词单数alotof/plentyof后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,辨析anumberof/thenumberofanumberof(大量的)可数名词复数，中心词是复数可数名词，所以其后的谓语动词要用复数形式；thenumberof(的数量)可数名词复数，中心词是number，所以其后的谓语动词要用单数。改错(1)Anumberofprivatecollegeshasincreased._(2)Agreatmanyofbooksareveryinteresting._,AThe,of去掉,疑难语句细解,1.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！仿佛到了世界末日！句型Itseemedasif/that.似乎；好像提醒根据从句所说情况是可能的还是假设，而采用陈述或虚拟语气。根据汉语意思填空(1)他们似乎正在为出租车费而争执。Itseemthat_aboutthetaxifare.(Theyseemtobearguingaboutthetaxifare.)(2)好像什么事也没有发生过似的。Itseemedasifnothing_.(3)现在仿佛已经是春天了。Itseemsasif_already.,theyarearguing,hadhappened,itwasspring,2Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。句型Everywhere.无论哪里，都。说明everywhere意为“无论哪儿”，在句中引导一个状语从句，相当于wherever。根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。(1)无论他走到哪儿，他的狗就跟到哪儿。Everywherehegoes，_.(2)他们不论出现在哪儿，都会遇到强烈的抗议。，theywouldmeetwithstrongprotests.(3)持有专用火车票，就可以到欧洲你喜欢的任何地方去旅游。Withaspecialtrainticketyoucantravel_.,hisdogwillfollowhim,Everywheretheyappeared,everywhereyoulike,3therebe句型Therebeingabusstopsonearthehouseisagreatadvantage.(主语)停车点离家近，真是方便极了。Itsimpossiblefortheretobeanymore.不可能再有了。表示“某个事物”在“什么地方”，其结构为“therebe主语其他成分”。there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。归纳Therehappentobe碰巧Thereseemtobe似乎(有)Thereislikelytobe可能Theremay/mightbe可能(会)Theremustbe一定Therecantbe不可能Thereissaidtobe据说(有)Theresreportedtobe据报道(有)Thereusedtobe过去常常Theressure/certaintobe一定会,(1)There_(be)adeskandthreechairsintheroom.(2)There_(be)threechairsandadeskintheroom.(3)There_(存在)nolifeonthemoon.(4)There_(仍有)someproblemstobesolved.(5)There_(升起)aheavysmokeontheroof.(6)There_(似乎)tobesomethingwrong.(7)There_(碰巧)tobeatreeonthetop.(8)There_(据说)tobetroopsonthefrontier.,is,are,exists,remain,rose,appears,happens,wassaid,(9)There(希望)tobemorediscussion.(10)Weexpectthere_(不再有争辩)(11)Hewasdisappointedatthere_(能做的事太少)(12)There(房间里没有人)，hedidntgoin.(13)Itwastoolateforthere_(没有公共汽车了),isexpected,tobenoarguments,beingsolittletodo,beingnobodyintheroom,tobeanybuses,Thankyou!,怎样快速捕捉主题句(四)【方法技巧】主题句位于Asaresult，Therefore，So，Inconclusion，Tosumup等信息词后。你要知道，这些表示结论性信息词后，通常就会出现文章的主题句了。,【实例验证】ThegovernmentofIndiaencouragesmarriedmenandwomentobesterilizedsotheycannothavemorechildren.InChina，familiescanbepunishedforhavingmorethanonechild.Bothofthesecountrieshaveverylargepopulations，andifthenumberofpeoplecontinuestoincrease，therewillnotbeenoughfood，houses，orjobsforthepeople.Asaresult，India，China，andotherpopulouscountriesarefollowingafamilyplanningpolicytheywantfamiliestolimitthenumberofchildrentheywillhave.Teachers，doctorsandsocialworkersareexplainingtothepeoplewhytheyshouldhavefewerchildrenbyusingbirthcontrolmethodssuchascontraception(避孕)andsterilization(节育),Whichstatementbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?ASomepopulouscountriesarefollowingafamilyplanningpolicy.BIndiaandChinahaveverylargepopulations.CThegovernmentofIndiaencouragessterilization.DInChina，familiesarepunishedforhavingmorethanonechild.答案：A【实践应用】Throughoutthehistoryofthearts，thenatureofcreativityhasremainedconstanttoartists.Nomatterwhatobjectstheyselect，artistsaretobringforthnewforcesandformsthatcausechangetofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore.,Landscape(风景)isanotherunchangingelementofart.Itcanbefoundfromancienttimesthroughthe17thcenturyDutchpainterstothe19thcenturyromanticistsandimpressionists.Inthe1970sAlfredLeslie，oneofthenewAmericanrealists，continuedthispractice.LesliesoughtoutthesameplacewhereThomasCole，aromanticist，hadproducedpaintingsofthesamesceneacenturyandahalfbefore.UnlikeColewhoinsistsonafeelingoflonelinessandtheideaoffindingpeaceinnature，Lesliepaintswhatheactuallysees.Inhispaintings，thereisnoparticularchangeinemotion，andheincludesordinarythingslikethehighwayinthebackground.Healsotakesadvantageofthelatestdevelopmentsofcolorphotographytohelpboththeeyeandthememorywhenheimproveshispaintingbackinhisworkroom.,Besides,allartbegstheage-oldquestion:Whatisreal?Eachgenerationofartistshasshowntheirunderstandingofrealityinoneformoranother.Theimpressionistssawrealityinbriefemotionaleffects，therealistsineverydaysubjectsandinforestscenes，andtheCroMagnoncavepeopleintheirnaturalisticdrawingsoftheanimalsintheancientforests.Tosumup，understandingrealityisanecessarystruggleforartistsofallperiods.Overthousandsofyearsthefunctionoftheartshasremainedrelativelyconstant.Pastorpresent，EasternorWestern，theartsareabasicpartofourimmediateexperience.Manyanddifferentarethefactsofart，andtogethertheyexpressthebasicneedandhopeofhumanbeings.,Whatistheauthorsopinionofartisticreality?AItwillnotbefoundinfutureworksofart.BItdoesnothavealonglastingstandard.CItisexpressedinafixedartisticform.DItislackinginmodernworksofart.答案：B,实战演练,Afewyearsago，PaulGernerbegantogatheragroupofarchitectsinLasVegastoaskthemwhatitwouldtaketodesignapublicschoolthatused50percentlessenergy，costmuchlesstobuildandobviouslyimprovedstudentlearning.“Ithinkhalfofthemfellofftheirchairs，”Gernersays.Gernermanagesschoolfacilities(设施)forClarkCounty，Nevada，adistrictroughlythesizeofMassachusetts.By2018,143,000additionalstudentswillenterthealreadycrowdedpubliceducationsystem.Gernerneeds73newschoolstohousethem.Fourarchitectureteamshavenearlyfinisheddesigningprimaryschoolprototypes(样品)；theyplantoconstructtheirschoolsstartingin2009.Thedistrictwillthenassesshowwelltheschoolsperform，andthreewinnerswillcopythosedesignsin50to70newbuildings.,Greenschoolsareappearingallover，butinClarkCounty，whichstandsoutforitsvastness，suchaggressivetargetsaredifficultbecausedesignrequirementslikemorenaturallightforstudentsgoagainsttherealitiesofadesertclimate.“Oneofthebiggestchallengesisgettingtherightsiteorientation(朝向)，”MarkMcGinty，adirectoratSHArchitecture，says.HisfirmrecentlycompletedahighschoolinLasVegas.“Youhavethesamebuilding，samesetofwindows，butifitsorientationisincorrectanditfacesthesun，itwillbereallyexpensivetocool.”,Surprisingly，themanresponsibleforoneofthemostprogressivegreendesigncompetitionshasdoubtsaboutideasofecofriendlybuildings.“Idontbelieveinthenewgreenreligion，”Gernersays.“Someofthebuilding