有关电子商务与贸易实务英文版).ppt

ECANDBUSINESSOPERATION,电子商务与贸易实务,请用5分钟书面回答以下问题，答完后请在课后交过来：,企业名称，规模，行业，产品姓名，职位，学历，就业时间你家里有没有计算机，能不能上网，对你的计算机应用能力进行评价。你所在单位计算机有多少台，有无网络，能不能上网，有没有网站，有没有信箱，利用率如何。你，以及单位，在与其他机构，如政府部门之间的文件交换是什么形式？政府部门有没有要求这你或单位提供电子文档？单位有没有计算机管理系统？如ERP，如有，利用水平如何。单位有没有集成制造系统，如有，利用率如何？,WHATISEC,什么是电子商务,DefinitionsandContentofField,ElectronicCommerce(EC)iswherebusinesstransactionstakeplaceviatelecommunicationsnetworks,especiallytheInternet.Electroniccommercedescribesthebuyingandsellingofproducts,services,andinformationviacomputernetworksincludingtheInternet.TheinfrastructureforECisanetworkedcomputingenvironmentinbusiness,home,andgovernment.E-BusinessdescribesthebroadestdefinitionofEC.Itincludescustomerserviceandintrabusinesstasks.ItisfrequentlyusedinterchangeablywithEC.,PureVs.PartialElectronicCommerce,Threedimensionstheproduct(service)soldphysical/digital;theprocessphysical/digitalthedeliveryagent(orintermediary)physical/digitalTraditionalcommercealldimensionsarephysicalPureECalldimensionsaredigitalPartialECallotherpossibilitiesincludeamixofdigitalandphysicaldimensions,Physicalagent,Digitalagent,DigitalProduct,PhysicalProduct,Physicalprocess,Digitalprocess,TheDimensionsofElectronicCommerce,Amarketisanetworkofinteractionsandrelationshipswhereinformation,products,services,andpaymentsareexchanged.Themarkethandlesallthenecessarytransactions.Anelectronicmarketisaplacewhereshoppersandsellersmeetelectronically.Inelectronicmarkets,sellersandbuyersnegotiate,submitbids,agreeonanorder,andfinishtheexecutionon-oroff-line.,ElectronicMarkets,Aninterorganizationalinformationsystem(IOS)involvesinformationflowamongtwoormoreorganizations.Itsmajorobjectiveisefficientroutinetransactionprocessing,suchastransmittingorders,bills,andpaymentsusingEDIorextranets.Scope:AnIOSisaunifiedsystemencompassingtwoorseveralbusinesspartners.AtypicalIOSincludesacompanyanditssuppliersandand/orcustomers.,InterorganizationInformationSystems,Business-to-businessBusiness-to-customerIntrabusinesstransactionsOthers,ClassificationofElectronicCommerce,ClassificationofECbytheNatureoftheTransactions,APPLICATIONOFECINDIFFERENTFIELD,电子商务在不同领域中的应用,Retailing,ElectronicMarketing,DirectmarketingCustomizationOnlinecustomerserviceElectronicshoppingmalls:Intermediaries(e.g.InternetMall)Stores(e.g.Amazon,J.C.PenneyOnline)ElectronicintermediariesGlobalmarketing,Customerscanorderfromcyberstores24hoursaday,7daysaweekfromanyplaceintheworld,11,ElectronicMarket(TransactionHander),Shopper/PurchasersBank,TransactionHandlersBank(AutomatedClearingHouse),Seller/SuppliersBank,ElectronicMarkets,PrenticeHall,2000,ActiveElectronicIntermediaries,PureelectronicmallCompanysretailingbusinessexistsonlyontheInternetElectronicdistributorstakefullresponsibilityoffulfillingordersandcollectingpaymentsElectronicbrokersassistthesearchprocessoffindingtheappropriateproductsandtheirvendorsPartialelectronicmallElectronicmallasoneofexistingdistributionchannels,AidingComparisonShopping,SearchhypertextfilesbyagentsSearchinaweb-baseddatabasebothbyhumanandsoftwareagentswithinane-mallComparableitemretrievalandtabularcomparisonComparisonsovermultiplemallsComparisonsasamultiplecriteriadecisionmaking,InternetConsumersandMarketResearch,TheImportanceofCustomers,Competition“fighting”oncustomerstosucceed:controlthe3CsCustomerscustomersbecomesaKing/Queentosucceed:findingandretainingcustomersChangeECisanewdistributionchanneltosucceed:convincecustomerstogoonlineandthentochooseyourcompanyovertheonlinecompetitors,Themajorpressuresarelabeledthe3Cs,One-to-OneMarketing,Relationshipmarketing“Overtattemptofexchangepartnerstobuildalongtermassociation,characterizedbypurposefulcooperationandmutualdependenceonthedevelopmentofsocial,aswellasstructural,bonds”“Treatdifferentcustomersdifferently”Abletochangethemanneritsproductsareconfiguredoritsserviceisdelivered,basedontheindividualneedsofindividualcustomers,ConsumerDemographics(1998),VariablesInfluencingDecisionMakingProcess,Age(mostly21-30year-old)Maritalstatus(41%marriedwithothercustomers,E-mailusedtodisseminateinformation,sendproductinformationandconductcorrespondenceregardinganytopic,butmostlyinquiriesfromcustomers,FAQsnotcustomized,nopersonalizedfeelingandcontributiontorelationshipmarketing,UsingonlinetechnologytoconductsurveysMoreefficient,faster,andcheaperdatacollection,andamoregeographicallydiverseaudiencethanthosefoundinoff-linesurveysAbilitytoincorporateradiobuttons,data-entryfieldsandcheckboxesinthesurveysEliminatingthedatareentryerrors(fromquestionnairestothecomputer,foranalysis)Notsuitableforeverycustomerorproductitisskewedtowardhighlyeducatedmaleswithhighdisposalincome,OnlineMarketResearch,OnlineMarketResearchMethod,PoststrategicqueriestonewsgroupsPostsurveysonyourWebsiteOfferrewardsforparticipationPoststrategicqueriesonyourWebsitePostrelevantcontenttogroupswithapointertoyourWebsitesurveyPostadetailedsurveyinspeciale-mailquestionnairesCreateachatroomandtrytobuildacommunityofconsumers,AdvertisementinElectronicCommerce,WhyInternetAdvertisement?,Three-quartersofPCusersgaveupsometelevisiontimeInternetusersarewelleducatedwithhigh-income,whichmakesthemadesiredtargetforadvertisersAdscanbeupdatedanytimewithaminimalcost;thereforetheyaretimelyandveryaccurate,AdvertisingMethods,BannersBannerSwappingBannerExchangesPaidAdvertisingandAdAgenciesSplashScreenURL(UniversalResourceLocators)E-mailChatRoomsBBS,ECinServiceIndustries,TravelandTourismServices,Bytheyear2000,closeto25percentofallbusiness-tocustomerInternetcommercewillberelatedtotourismTheInternetisanidealplacetoplan,explore,andarrangealmostanytripIBMsvisionofseamlesselectronictravelusingsmartcards,TheEmploymentPlacementMarket,Employersarelookingforemployeeswithspecificskills,andindividualsarelookingforajobVeryvolatilemarketMovedtotheInternetMillionsofjobseekers,hundredofthousandsofjobs,RealEstate:FromVirtualRealtorstoVirtualReality,YoucanviewmanypropertiesonthescreenYoucansortandorganizepropertiesYoucanfinddetailedinformationaboutthepropertiesYoucansearch,compareandapplyforloans,TradingStocksOnline,Costsbetween$7and$20pertransaction(Vs.$30-$100intraditionalbrokerage)NowaitingonbusytelephonelinesNooralcommunication,lesschanceforerrorsPlaceordersfromanywhere,anytime,dayornightNobiasedbrokertopushyouConsiderableamountoffreeinformation,ImplementationIssuesinBankingandOnlineTrading,CyberbankingandPersonalFinance,BankofAmericaSecuritySystem,SecuringFinancialTransactionsApplicationCase:SecurityatNationsBank,BillingOnline,Billers,Suchpaymentscanbemadeintoanybankaccount.Manypeoplepaytheirmonthlyrentandotherbillsdirectlyintothepayeesbankaccounts.,ElectronicCreditCardSystemontheInternet,ThePlayers,CardholderMerchant(seller)Issuer(yourbank)Acquirer(merchantsfinancialinstitution,acquiresthesalesslips)Brand(VISA,MasterCard),ElectronicFundTransfer(EFT)ontheInternet,AnArchitectureofElectronicFundTransferontheInternet,Payer,OTHERE-PAYMENT,SmartCardsElectronicCashandMicropaymentsElectronicCheckSystems,Auctions:FromTheorytoPractice,EarlyauctioningdoneonlocalareanetworkstheauctioningofpigsinTaiwanandSingaporetheauctioningofflowersinHollandtheauctioningofcarsinJapanAuctionsontheInternetstartedin1995similartoofflineauctions,exceptforthefactthattheyaredoneonacomputersomelastdays,othersashorttimedetailedinformationisavailablestartbiddingbysendinge-mailorfillingoutanelectronicformnamesofbiddersarekeptcodedtomaintainprivacy,BenefitsandLimitations,BenefitsForsellerSellsgoodsefficientlySellsgoodswithlittleactionoreffortCreatesagreaterrangeofpotentialbuyersSellsexcessinventoriesquicklyviathisprocessForbuyersGetsahugevarietyofgoodsFindsqualitygoodsforlargelydiscountedprices,LimitationsInabilitytophysicallyseetheitemsPossibilityoffraudLesscompetitiveatmospheremayprevailontheNet,OnlinePublishing,Theelectronicdeliveryofnewspapers,magazines,news,andotherinformationthroughtheInternetOnlinePublishingTodayandTomorrowTodaymainlyusedfordisseminatinginformationandforconductingsalestransactionsinteractivelyTomorrowincludemorecustomizedmaterialthatthereaderwillreceivefree,orwillpayfor,VirtualTeachingandUniversities,KnowledgeDissemination,ManyuniversitiesareofferinglimitedcoursesanddegreesbutuseinnovativeteachingmethodsandmultimediasupportMBAprograminHongKonglecturesaredeliveredasaninteractiveTV(iTV)studentscandecidewhatandwhentheywanttoattendthelecturelecture,supportmaterial,exercisesetc.areprovidedontheWeb,ERPANDBUSINESSMANAGEMENT,企业资源计划与工商管理Business-to-BusinessElectronicCommerce,MajorConcepts,Orderfulfillment:DeliverrightorderontimeFrontofficeoperations:Ordertaking,advertisement,CRMBackofficeoperations:Accounting,finance,inventor,packaging,logisticsLogistics:Managingtheflowofgoods,informationandmoneyalongthesupplychain,SupplyChain,DefinitionAllactivitiesassociatedwiththeflowandtransformationofgoodsfromrawmaterialstoendusers,Thebullwhipeffect,SlightchangesinactualdemandcreateproblemsPartnersbuild“justincase”inventoriesLackoftrustamongpartnersStockpillingresultinhugecostThemanufacturerscannotplanproductionCannotordermaterialfromsuppliers,SupplyChainManagement,Definition:Flowofmaterial,information,money,etc.fromrawmaterialsuppliersthroughfactoriestocustomersItincludes:organizations,procedures,peopleSCM:Integrationofthebusinessprocessesalongthechain,Planning,Organizing,controlofmanyactivitiesActivities:Purchasing,delivery,packaging,checking,warehousing,etc.,ITasproblemsolver,EvolutionofSoftwareIntegration,CompletelyIndependentofeachotherMRP=MaterialRequirementsPlanning:Inventory,productionMRPII=ManufacturingRequirementsPlanningmoreintegrated,MRP+Finance+laborERP=EnterpriseResourcesPlanningAllfunctionalareasExtendedERP=Includesuppliers,customers,FromSAPtomySAP.com,SAP=TraditionalERP=AutomateandIntegratetransactionsMySAP.com=webbasedcomprehensivesystemWorkplace-apersonalized,role-basedinterfaceMarketplace-onestopdestinationforbusinessprofessionaltocollaborateBusinessScenarios-productsfortheInternetandintranetApplication-hosing-hostingWebapplicationsforSMEs,EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP),ERP=IntegratingbusinessprocessesandactivitiesinrealtimeSolvesmanysupplychainproblemsNecessaryformediumtolargecorporationsHelpfulalsoforsomeSMEsNeedtointerfacewithECordertakingsystemManagesallroutinetransactionsintheEnterpriseRecentlyextendedtosuppliersandcustomers,PostERP(2ndGeneration),1stgeneration-transactionprocessingorientation2ndgenerationincludingdecisionmakingcapabilitiesECrequiresdecisionsupportECreq