Past perfect tense (牛津9A unit5grammar)过去完成时态精品ppt课件

.,Unit5GrammarPastperfecttense,.,知识回顾,1.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.,一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。,强调过去某一特定的时间。,2.Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词have（has）+过去分词”,温故而知新,.,Shehadputmostofhereffortintoballettrainingbeforesheenteredthefilmindustry.,ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.,a.Sheputmostofhereffortintoballettraining.Whathappenedfirst?b.Sheenteredthefilmindustry,a.Shewasamodel.Whathappenedfirst?b.shebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.,.,thePastPerfecttense,Structure(结构):had+pp(动词的过去分词),pp,规则的:不规则的:,cleanbelievestudystop,cleanedbelievedstudiedstopped,cutbuydocome,cutboughtdonecome,.,过去完成时的概念:,Shehadputmostofhereffortintoballettrainingbeforesheenteredthefilmindustry.,ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（thepastpast）”。,now,future,past,thepastpast(beforethepast),.,1.WestartedtolearnEnglish5yearsago.,一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。,2.WehavelearnedEnglishfor5years.,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词have（has）+过去分词”,5yearsagonow,5yearsagohavelearnednow,Revision,.,Completethetableusingthepastperfecttense.,hadacted,hadbeen,hadbegun,hadbrought,hadhelped,hadopened,hadseen,hadsung,.,过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。,pastinthepast,past,now,过去完成时的概念与结构特点:,had+done,.,Millieranbacktoschoolbecauseshehadlefthermagazineintheclassroom.,Whathappenedfirst?,a.Millieranbacktoschool.,b.Millielefthermagazineintheclassroom.,Practice,.,WehadlearnedEnglishfor4yearsbylastyear.,5yearsagolastyearnow,hadlearned,.,Simonleftschoollatebecausethefootballgamehadstartedlate.,Whathappenedfirst?,a.Simonleftschoollate.,b.Thefootballgamestartedlate.,.,Whathappenedfirst?,Danielarrivedoutofbreathhehadgonetothewrongcinema.,a.Danielarrivedoutofbreath.,b.Danielwenttothewrongcinema.,.,Whathappenedfirst?,Amyhadlostherpurseandhadtogotothepolicestation.,a.Amylostherpurse.,b.Amywenttothepolicestation.,.,Connecttwosentenceswith“before”、“when”、“after”,1.Ifinishedmyhomeworkat8:00thismorning.Iwenttothemuseumat8:30thismorning.2.Milliewenthomeat6:00P.mthisafternoon.Milliesmothercookedat5:00P.mthisafternoon.3.Danieltaughtinamiddleschoolbetween1990to1997.Danieljoinedthearmyin1998.,IhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwenttothemuseumthismorning.,IhadfinishedmyhomeworkwhenIwenttothemuseumthismorning.,IwenttothemuseumafterIhadfinishedmyhomeworkthismorning.,Milliesmotherhadcookedbeforeshewenthomethisafternoon.,Milliesmotherhadcookedwhenshewenthomethisafternoon.,Milliewenthomeafterhermotherhadcookedthisafternoon.,Danielhadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7yearsbeforehejoinedthearmy.,Danielhadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7yearswhenhejoinedthearmy.,Danieljoinedthearmyafterhehadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7years.,.,Workouttherule:Ifwewanttotalkabouttwopastactionsinasentence,thepastperfecttenseisusedforthe(earlier,later)action.,earlier,.,Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.,1.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.,2.Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.,Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.,温故而知新,.,Fillintheblanks,I_(clean)theclothesbeforeyoucameback.2.She_(leave)alreadywhenyouarrived._they_(know)thisbeforeyoutoldthem?4.We_(nottell)youbeforeyouknewit.5.Shecameafterwe_(wait)forherforhalfanhour.,hadcleaned,hadleft,Hadknown,hadnttold,hadwaited,.,RewritethesentencesHehadstoodupbeforehecleanedthewindow._hehadstoodup,hecleanedthewindow.HisfatherwenttoBeijing.Hearrivedhome.(用before合并句子)Hisfather_Beijingbeforehe_home.,After,hadgoneto,arrived,.,Exercises,1.Thetrain_(leave)beforeIgottotherailwaystation.2.Wehadbreakfastafterwe_(do)morningexercise.3.MissYang_(be)atypistbeforeshemovedtoShenzhen.4.Whenwereachedthecinema,thefilm_(begin).5.We_(learn)twounitsbylastmonth.6.They_(be)totheUSAtentimesbytheendofSeptember.7.She_(finish)herhomeworkbeforenineoclocklastnight.,hadleft,haddone,hadbeen,hadbegun,hadfinished,hadlearned,hadbeen,与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：,（1）by+过去的时间点。,（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。,（3）before+过去的时间点。,如：by1990,byyesterdayevening,bythen,如：bytheendoflastterm,如：before9:00a.m,.,构成：1.肯定句:主语+助动词had+过去分词（v-ed）+其他。其中had通用于各种人称。,1.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.,2.否定句：主语+hadnt（hadnot）+v-ed+其他,3.一般疑问句：Had+主语+v-ed+其他？,2.Bynineoclockyesterdayeveninghehadntgothome.,4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had+主语+v-ed？,3.-Hadyouknownanythingaboutourschoolbeforeyoucamehere?-Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadnt.,4.Whathadyoursisterbeenbeforeshebecameanactress?,二、过去完成时的判断依据,1.由“过去的过去”来判定。,过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：,WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.,Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.,（1）状语从句中,（2）宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：,Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.,Theyexplainedwhathadhappened.,2.由时间状语来判定,一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：,（1）by+过去的时间点。如：,Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.,（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：,WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.,（3）before+过去的时间点。如：,TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.,3.根据上、下文来判定。,ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.WehadntseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.,Hefeltrathertiredbecausehehadworkedforthewholenight.,.,Payattention:Ishould,Iwould和Ihad的省略形式皆为Id,在具体运用时，应根据具体结构判定究竟哪种情况的省略。,注意,过去完成时典型错误例析：,1.昨晚我们看了电影。a.Wehadseenthefilmyesterdayevening.b.Wesawthefilmyesterdayevening.,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。,2当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。a.ThefilmhasbeenonforfiveminuteswhenIgotthere.b.ThefilmhadbeenonforfiveminuteswhenIgotthere.,在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时。它的动作的起点为过去，终点也为过去，即“过去的过去”。而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在。,3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。a.Bytheendoflastterm,theyhavelearnedfiveEnglishsongs.b.Bytheendoflastterm,theyhadlearnedfiveEnglishsongs.,bytheendoflastterm意为“到上学期末为止”，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。,4.他昨天见到了ill，他们已有两年没见面了。a.HesawBillyesterday.Theyhaventmeteachotherfortwoyears.b.HesawBillyesterday.Theyhadntmeteachotherfortwoyears.,“他们没见面”是到“昨天”为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。,李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。a.LiMeiwasveryglad,becauseshepassedthemid-termexam.b.LiMeiwasveryglad,becauseshehadpassedthemid-termexam.,当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态。句中passthemid-termexam的动作是发生在过去动作wasveryglad之前的，故pass需用hadpassed表示。,6.他走进屋,打开灯,然后开始写起来。a.Hehadcomeintotheroom,turnedonthelightandbegantowrite.b.Hecameintotheroom,turnedonthelightandbegantowrite.,当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常常使用一般过去时态。注意：以上几个动作为短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断。,.,同样，在before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主，从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主，从句都用一般过去时。如：,Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.,.,Exercises一：,句型转换：1.Thepartyhadbegunwhenhearrived.(改为一般疑问句）_2.Ihadfinishedthecompetitionby8:00yesterday.(对划线部分提问）_thecompetition?3.Theyhadworkedfor10yearsbytheendoflastyear.(改为否定句）。4.Hadyoureachedthetopofthehillbeforemidnight?(否定回答）,Hadthepartybegunwhenhearrived?,Whenhadyoufinished,Theyhadntworkedfor10yearsbytheendoflastyear.,No,wehadnt,.,用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.HowmanyEnglishwords_you_(learn)bytheendoflastterm?2.I_(read)thebooktwicetillyesterday.3.He_(learn)Englishbeforehecamehere.4.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain_(leave).5.Bythetimehewasfourteenhe_(set)upasmallchemistrylabforhisson.6.AfterI_(finish)doingmyhomework,Iwenttosleep.7.They_(notread)threebooksbythen.8.Whydidntyouseethefilmyesterday?BecauseI_(see)it.10.Ireceivedaletterfrommyfriend.We_(nothear)fromeachothersince1987.11._he_(know)anythingbeforeyoutoldhimit?12.We_(learn)2000Englishwordssincewecametothisschool.We_(learn)2000wordsbylastweeksincewecametothisschool.We_(learn)500wordslastterm.13.He_(end)hisprojectbynextweek.He_(end)hisprojectbylastweek.14.A:_hestill_(do)hishomeworkwhenyou_(get)homeyesterday?B:No,he_already_(do)itwhenIgothome.,Exercises二：,hadlearned,hadread,hadlearned,hadleft,hadset,hadfinished,hadntread,hadseen,hadntheard,Hadknown,havelearned,hadlearned,learned,willend,hadended,Wasdoing,got,haddone,.,Fillintheblanks,I_(clean)theclothesbeforeyoucameback.2.She_(leave)alreadywhenyouarrived._they_(know)thisbeforeyoutoldthem?4.We_(nottell)youbeforeyouknowit.5.Shecameafterwe_(wait)forherforhalfanhour.,hadcleaned,hadleft,Hadknown,hadnttold,hadwaited,.,Fillintheblanks,1.IsaidI(have)lunchalready.2.Shetoldusshe_(notbe)toBeijingyet.3.Iwonderedifthey_(live)inNanjingforthreeyears.4.DidyousayI_(pass)theexamalready?5.HeaskedhowmanybooksI(read)already?,hadhad,hadntbeen,hadlived,hadpassed,hadread,.,Fillintheblanks,1.We(learn)3000wordsbylastterm.2.you(live)herefor20yearsby2004?3.They(work)for10yearsbytheendoflastyear.4.I(teach)youfortwoyearsbytheendoflastterm.,hadlearned,h,Had,lived,hadworked,hadtaught,.,Translation,1.截止到2003年，我们已经看过40电影了,2.截止到九月底，他们已经去过美国十二次了,Wehadalreadyseen40filmsby2003.,Theyhadalr