高考英语单项选择题解题指导ppt课件.ppt

1,单项选择题旨在检测学生对语言基础知识，即语法、词汇和句型的掌握和运用情况。但它是一套试题的门面，对一套试题印象的好坏和质量的评价起着重要影响。因此命题者会遵循命题要求，精心设计。,单项选择题在试卷中的地位,2,1、覆盖面广内容尽可能涉及所学范围中大纲所要求的所有语法词汇项目。2、突出重难点试题要突出重难点，尤其是动词和词义辨析。包括时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词和短语辨析等。3、NMET单项选择题的命题原则是：突出语境，强化语意，强调运用。此类题型的设置旨在测试考生基础知识在特定语境中的应用，词法、习语的识记与理解以及语用能力。,单项选择题命题特点,3,2005-2008年江苏高考自主命题英语单项选择题考点分布,4,单项填空题是对考生的词汇、语法和理解的考查。每一个单项填空题都是一个完整的语言世界，各种语法穿插其中，对词汇量的要求也逐渐提高。分值：15分教材：高考试题决不会依据某一种教材，而是依据考试大纲，考试大纲所规定的必须掌握的词汇的用法及基本的语法知识。,考纲解读,5,1)近几年高考单项填空题基本体现了“知识化，语境化和交际化”的特点，没有出现以前所谓的偏怪难题。题干大部分比较灵活简短，语境自然。这是第一个特点。Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,_?A.doyouB.canweC.willyouD.shallwe,C,命题趋向,6,2)考查点的覆盖面越来越广泛，但又做到了重点突出。这主要体现在复合句和非谓语动词的考查及名词和动词用法的考查上。【例1】Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wanttobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom,D,命题趋向,7,【例2】Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_attheendoflastMarch.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched,8,命题倾向,3）试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”转向复杂间接的“情景立意”。试题设置的语境明确，交际情景（对话形式占很大比例）多是发生在学生学习或日常生活的真实情况。-Haveyoubeenwastingtimeoncomputergamesagain?-_.IvebeenstudyingalotandIneedabreak.NowayB.NotreallyC.IdontagreeD.Icouldntagreemore.,9,-Isthereanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.-Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I_ofmyfriendsbackhome.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinkingC.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking,10,命题倾向,4)题干变得较长，题干句的语义结构趋于复杂化，语言信息量越来越大，但是有效信息由外现转为隐藏。这主要体现在非谓语动词和动词时态的考查上。Atthebeginningoftheclass,thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose,11,Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which_justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.A.shantBcantC.needntD.mustnt,12,命题倾向,5)语义辨析和语义识别题越来越多，不但加强了对语义的考查，而且加重对词汇扩展能力的考查。Icantsaywhichwineisbestitisa(n)_ofpersonaltaste.A.affairB.eventC.matterD.varietySurelyitdoesntmatterwherethestudentassociationsgettheirmoneyfrom;what_iswhattheydowithit.A.countsB.appliesC.stressesD.functions,13,趋势分析,1）纯语法的试题会减少；2）基础知识考查的覆盖面会越来越广；3）语境会更加突出；4）注重考查学生综合运用英语能力及逻辑推理能力；5）加大词义辨析（特别是动词和动词短语辨析）的考查。,14,应试策略,1）做题时，要认真研读题目，寻找关键的信息词、词组或句子。切忌死抠语法条条框框，要注意上下文的关系，根据题干所提供的语境来确定最佳答案。2）做题时，要仔细分析，正确理解，通过调整语序或简化句子找到设问角度，弄清命题意图。3）做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，既要注意同义词（组）间的语法差异，又要注意它们之间的意义差异。4）做题时，要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是隐含于信息中的动词时间信息。发现和分析这些信息是解决问题的关键。,15,单项选择题解题技巧,16,一、增强语境意识，提高分析语境的能力语境题包含语境信息。题干中的语境信息常是单词、短语或句子，有时甚至是一个标点符号。准确把握语境信息，可以成功地解答单项选择题。,17,1.-IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.-Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left2.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider,_,D,B,-,18,3.Tomoughtnotto_meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold,A,_,19,4.Wouldyoutellme_youwantyourcoffee,withsugarormilk?-Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how,D,-,20,二、参考命题意图，排除各种干扰高考的选拨性决定了单项选择题不会让所有的人顺利过关，命题人通常从以下角度设计干扰信息：（一）句型的转换引起的干扰对策：运用还原法,再现真面目。主要用来解决一些非正常语序的题目，如被动句、疑问句、感叹句、倒装句、省略句等，我们可以先将其复原为陈述语序再来做题。,21,1.Everyminuteismadefull_of_ourlessons.A.use;studyB.useful;tostudyC.use;tostudyD.used;studying,还原为：Weshouldmakefull_ofeveryminute_ourlessons,C,22,2.Whowouldyourather_withyoutomorrow，TomorSmith?AhavetogoBhavegoChavegoneDhadgo,改为：Youwouldrather_who_withyoutomorrow，TomorSmith?,B,23,3.Howpleasedtheboywas_whathisparentssaid！AhearingBheardChearDtohear,还原为：Theboywasverypleased_whathisparentssaid！,D,24,4.Itwas_theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathomeArepairBrepairingCtorepairDinrepair,B,还原为：Theoldmanspentthewholemorning_theoldclockathome,25,（二）插入语干扰这类题主要是利用插入语，增加句子的复杂程度，从而达到干扰考生视线的目的。对策：去掉插入语。,Hebelievesinhimself，_，inmyopinion，isofthemostimportanceAthatBwhichCwhatDas,(),B,26,2.Thewriterandprofessor，whomIoftenrefertoatthemeetings，_famousforthoseworksAisBareCamDwere.Hewilltellyou_heexpectswillwinsuchamatchAwhyBwhomCwhichDwho,A,(),D,(,),27,（三）标点符号干扰标点符号在英语句式中的配合作用是不容忽视的，从英语的句型结构这一角度来看，它甚至是起着决定性的作用它决定着句子的单复形式，决定着选词造句等其他诸多问题。对策：掌握英语中逗号的作用、常见句子结构及并列连词。,28,1.Tom，_suretocometomorrowAisBbeCwasDwouldbe2.Allthemoney_,Johnhadtostartlookingforajob.A.wascostB.hadcostC.havingbeenspentD.havingspent3_，IhadtowalkhomeA.TherewasnobusBTherebeingnobusCTherewerenobusesD.Therewasnotabus,B,C,B,29,（四）省略句干扰对策：补充省略成分，确定正确选择,1.-Whatmadeyousohappy?-_.A.Becauseofmypassingtheexam.B.Ipassedtheexam.C.BecauseIpassedtheexam.D.Mypassingtheexam.2.Sheislookingsoforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfto_her.A.haveseenB.seeingC.seeD.havingseen,(mademesohappy),D,（改）Sheislookingsoforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimself(islookingforward)to_her.,B,30,3.TomisbetteratphysicsthanJack,butnot_atchemistry.A.goodB.betterC.asgoodD.toogood4.-IcantfindMr.Morris.Wheredidyoumeethimyesterday?-Itwasinthehotel_hestayed.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone,改：TomisbetteratphysicsthanJack,butnot_（as）atchemistry.,C,(thatImeethimyesterday),A,31,(五)排除母语或文化差异的干扰对策:了解西方文化背景,风俗和思维习惯。,-IdliketoinviteyoutodinnerthisSaturday,MrSmith.-_.A.Oh,no.Letsnot.B.IdratherstayathomeC.Imverysorry,butIhaveotherplansD.Oh,no.Thatllbetoomuchtrouble.,C,接受邀请时用yes,Idlove/liketo或yes,Idlikethat.或yes,itsverykind/niceofyou;在表示拒绝时,一般用Imsorry,but/Imafraid,but/Idlike/loveto,but,32,-Itsgettinglate.ImafraidImustbegoingnow.-OK._.A.TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.Seeyou,D,33,3.-Waiter!-_-Icanteatthis.Itstoosalty.A.Yes,sir?B.What?C.Allright?D.Pardon?,A,34,(六）思维定势干拢所谓定势思维，就是习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维,也就是从原有的知识经验出发，机械地套用老方法，按某种固定的思路去思考问题，轻而易举地得出“正确答案”，结果错了。对策：运用固定词组、句子结构、语法分析法。,35,1.Whomwasitupto_thematter?AdecideBtodecideCdecidingDdecided,析：答案为B项。这里考查itisuptosbtodosth这样一个句型。本句的意群应该这样划分：Whomwasituptotodecidethematter?如果不能正确划分意群，则很可能会想当然地误选A项。,36,2.Dontletthechildwhois_gotoschool.A.soyoungastoB.notoldenoughtoC.tooyoungtoD.notoldenough3.Theyinsistedthatthecruelwoman_thrownintoprison.A.referstoB.referredtobeC.referredtobeingD.referstobe4.Hereissobigastone_noonecanmoveAthatBwhichCasDasto,(),D,Theyinsistedthatthecruelwoman(referredto)(should)bethrownintoprison.,B,C,(Hereissobigastone_noonecanmoveit.),A,37,5.Well.Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryfast._.ASoitisBSoisitCSodoesitDSoitdoes6.WasitthroughMary,_wasworkingatahighschool,_yougettoknowTom?A.who,whoB.that,whichC.who,thatD.who,which7.Wouldyoulike_,sir?No,thanks.Ihavehadmuch.AsomemoreorangesBanymoreorangesCsomemoreorangeDanymoreorange,A,C,C,38,8.Hesuggestedthepersonreferred_putintoprison.A.isB.beC.tobeD.shouldbe9.Dontyouknow_,mydearfriend,itisyouthatsheloves?A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what10.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned11.Imexaminingthecompositionhehasjustfinished_thepossiblemistakesinit.A.correctingB.tocorrectC.correctedD.correct,C,C,A,B,39,12.Thejudgepaidnoattentionto_hehadjustlosthiswife.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.thefactthat13.Thewonderfultimetheyhadbeenlookingforward_atlast.A.toarriveB.toarrivedC.toarrivingD.arrive14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing,D,B,C,40,15.Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof_translatedintoaforeignlanguage.A.themB.whichC.ItD.what16.Hewassoangryatall_shewasdoing_hewalkedout.A.what,thatB.that,thatC.that,whichD.what,as17.Thewaytheytalked_theproblemseemedimpossible.A.aboutsettlingB.tosettleC.ofsettlingD.abouttosettle18.Sheisquiteadifferentgirl_shewasfiveyearsago.A.fromB.toC.thanD.with,A,B,D,C,41,19.Useanumbrellato_youfromtherain.A.stopB.preventC.keepD.protect20.Whodidtheteacherhave_anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.towrite21.-WhoshouldIsendthismessageto?-Themayoristheone_?A.tosenditB.tobesentC.forsendingD.tosenditto22.Theyoungmanspentasmuchtimeashe_overhislessons.A.wentB.cangoC.couldgoingD.couldtogo,D,C,D,C,42,23.MrsBrownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired24.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,C,C,43,TIPSONMULTIPLECHOICE、仔细看题干,不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后,上挂下连,首尾呼应。、含两个空的题,先确定有把握的那一个。、较容易题宜采用跟踪追击的方法。、不好判断题可采用排除法。、单选的重点在动词,应当特别注意时态,情态动词,非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析。、题目是疑问句,可先变为陈述句,被动的先变为主动,省略的先还原成完整结构,均有利于判断。、不可在此恋战,13分钟内务必完成。,44,单项选择题,还原再现法,语境定义法,标点提示法,克服思维定势法,依据习惯用法,消元简化法,45,消元简化法：,1.Theexcitingmoment_atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comes,welookedforwardto,即去掉句子的修饰或插入成分，找出句子主干，从而简化句子结构。,2.Thewriter，whomIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,_famousforthoseworksAisBareCamDwere,(,),46,3.Heoftenstandsagainstthefenceandtalksendlesslywithmyfather_gardeningproblems.AtoBtooCaboutDoff,(,),47,StrategyTwo,还原再现法：即通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意，从而降低难度。一般有以下7中情况。,48,如：1.Whomwouldyouratherhave_withyou?A.togoB.goC.goneD.going,分析：测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。havesb.dosth.,还原为：youwouldratherhavewhom_withyou.,一、将疑问句改成陈述句,49,1.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof_ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns,Weshouldmakegooduseoftime_ourlessonwell.,C,二、改被动句为主动句,50,1.Itwas_theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathomeArepairBrepairingCtorepairDinrepair,还原为：Theoldmanspentthewholemorning_theoldclockathome,判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法-去掉题干中的Itis(was).that(who)，如果句子仍然成立-表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。,三、强调句型还原成简单句式,51,注意比较下面例子：2.Itwas2004_youjoinedthefootballclubItwasin2004_youjoinedthefootballclub.AwhoBthatCwhenDwhich,分析：第一句运用还原法，去掉Itwas.(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加in)，故此句不是强调句型，而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。第二句则是强调句。,C,B,52,whatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!AwhatreasonableBHowareasonableCHowreasonableDWhatareasonable,WhatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。,四、感叹句还原为陈述句,53,ThatwaswehadinLondon3yearsago!AwonderfultimeBawonderfultimeCwonderfulDwonderfully,可还原为：WehadawonderfultimeinLondon3yearsago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配hadawonderfultime（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。,五、固定短语还原,54,六、还原省略成分,1.-Whatmadeyousohappy?-_.A.Becauseofmypassingtheexam.B.Ipassedtheexam.C.BecauseIpassedtheexam.D.Mypassingtheexam.,(mademesohappy),55,2.Iftheweatherisfine,wellgo.If_,_.A.not,notB.no,noC.not,noD.no,not,Ifitischeap,Illbuyit.Ifnot,not.Ifyoustudyhard,youllsucceed.Ifnot,not.,56,3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun,=onceitisbegun,57,语境定义法,即根据实际语境，找到关键信息，从而准确答题。,58,1.（原题）-WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.(2004福建)（改编）-WhichofthetwowaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either,D,C,59,不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较:,2.（原题）HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.（NMET2004全国II）A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone,c,A,（改编）HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Yes.He_itthismorning.,60,标点提示法,即根据句子中的标点符号，如逗号，分号，破折号等，从而正确理解句子含义。,61,1.Tomhasmanyfriends;_canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem,62,4.Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_beingforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,3.Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_wereforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,63,2.Mary,_hereeverybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming3.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what,64,StrategyFive,克服思维定势法：即解题时不能按照已有的思维模式，不受母语思维的干扰，而是要仔细分析句子，从而不落入出题人的圈套。,65,1.Thecountrylifehewasusedto_greatlysince1992.(2005山东卷)A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged,解析易受sbbeusedtodoing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知,hewasusedto为定语从句，修饰先行词thecountrylife。此空格应填谓语动词。,66,2.Mr.Smithis_agoodteacher_weallrespect.A.such,thatB.such,asC.so,thatD.so,as,3.Mr.Smithis_agoodteacher_weallrespecthim.,A,67,4.around后究竟用什么?,Isthereashoparound_wecanbuysometoiletarticles?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what,68,5._smokingherewillbef