高级英语第一册-U10-The-Artist-in-America

Unit10TheArtistinAmerica,新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1电子教案,DetailedReading,Contents,WarmUp,GlobalReading,ConsolidationActivities,TextAppreciation,FurtherEnhancement,Section1:WarmUp,Lookatthefollowingpicturesandidentifywhotheseartistsare.,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,Shakespeare,Beethoven,Section1:WarmUp,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,LuXun,Picasso,Section1:WarmUp,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,CharlotteBronte,ZhangYimou,Section1:WarmUp,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,Yo-YoMa,YangLiping,Section1:WarmUp,Workingroupsoffouranddiscussthefollowingquestions.,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,Howdoyouview“artists?”Thinkofwordsorphrasesasmanyaspossiblethatcanbeusedtodescribe“artists.”Whoisyourfavoriteartist?Why?Givespecificexamplestoillustratehisorheradmirablequalities.IstheimageofanidealartistarticulatedbyJohnF.Kennedythesameasthatinyourmind?,Section1:WarmUp,AbouttheAuthorJohnFitzgeraldKennedy(1917-1963):The35thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,alsoreferredtoasJohnF.Kennedy,JFK,JohnKennedyorJackKennedy.Heservedfrom1961untilhisassassinationin1963.KennedyrepresentedMassachusettsduring1947-1960,asbothamemberoftheUSHouseofRepresentativesandUSSenate.Hewaselected,1917-1963,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,Section1:WarmUp,Presidentin1960inoneoftheclosestelectionsinAmericanhistory.MajoreventsduringhispresidencyincludedtheBayofPigsInvasion,theCubanMissileCrisis,thebuildingoftheBerlinWall,theSpaceRace,earlyeventsoftheVietnamWar,andtheAmericanCivilRightsMovement.,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,KennedyaddressesnationonCivilRights,11June1963,Section1:WarmUp,JohnF.KennedywasassassinatedonNovember22,1963.TheWarrenCommissionconcludedthatLeeHarveyOswaldactedaloneinkillingthepresident,althoughlatertheHouseSelectCommitteeonAssassinationsconcludedthataconspiracymayhavebeeninvolvedintheassassination,andthesubjectremainscontroversial.KennedysassassinationisconsideredtobeadefiningmomentintheUShistoryduetoitstraumaticimpactonthenationaswellasonthepoliticalhistoryoftheensuingdecades,hissubsequentbrandingasaniconforanewgenerationofAmericansandAmericanaspirations,andforthemysteryandconspiracyallegationswhichsurroundit.,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,Section1:WarmUp,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,AbouttheTextThetextcomesfromaspeechdeliveredbyJohnF.KennedyincommemoratingtheAmericanpoetRobertFrostwhopassedawayonJanuary29,1963.ThespeechwasmadeatAmherstCollege,inMassachusetts,onOctober27,1963,lessthanamonthbeforethePresidentsassassination.Arrivinganhourandahalflatebecauseofbadweather,thePresidentspokebefore3,000peopleattheAmherstFieldHouseat11:50a.m.afterreceivinganhonorarydegreeofDoctorofLaws.Hereceivedastandingovationafterthespeech,“althoughmanyofthestudentshere,”TheNewYorkTimesreportedthenextday,“aremoreinclinedtotheRepublicancause.”,Section1:WarmUp,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,KennedyatAmherst,Section1:WarmUp,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,JFKsdraft,Section2:GlobalReading,Whatisthetextmainlyabout?,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,ThetextisaspeechdeliveredbyJohnF.KennedyinhonorofafamouspoetinAmerica,RobertFrost.Inthisspeech,PresidentKennedydescribestheroleofanartistinsociety,notingRobertFrostscontributionstoAmericanarts,culture,andideologyanddiscussingthenatureofstrengthandpower.,Section2:GlobalReading,Pleasedividethetextinto4partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,PartI,(Paragraphs1-2)Introduction,KennedystatesthepurposeofthespeechistocommemoratetheAmericanpoetRobertFrost.,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,Section2:GlobalReading,PartII,(Paragraphs3-15)FrostsContributiontoAmerica,KennedysummarizeswhatFrosthascontributedtothenation.ThepraisesKennedybestowsonRobertFrostarehisabilitytoquestionpower,hisunsparinginstinctforreality,hissenseofthehumantragedy,hisdeepfaithinthespiritofman,andhispracticeofcouplingpoetryandpower,whichareexactlythevaluesKennedyurgeshispeopletofosterandcherish.,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,PartIII,(Paragraphs16-20)HowaNationShouldTreatItsArtists,Kennedyadvocateshowanationshouldtreatitsartists:Itshouldrecognizetheplaceofartists,lettinganartistfollowhisowntruevisionandrewardingtheachievementsofartistsasitrewardsthoseofbusinessmenandstatesmen.,Section2:GlobalReading,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,PartIV,(Paragraphs21-29)AVisionofAmerica,KennedyarticulatesavisionforAmerica.Thatistobuildthecountryintoasocietywheremoralrestraintandwisdomareplacedinaprominentposition,wherethebeautyofnaturalenvironmentisprotectedandculturalheritageisgivenpriorityto,whereachievementsintheartsareamplyrewarded,wherethelevelofartisticaccomplishmentisraisedandculturalopportunitiesforthecommonfolksaremultiplied,wheretherespecttheworldpaysderivesfromthemeritsofcivilization,andwherepersonaluniquenessissecured.,Section2:GlobalReading,1Thisday,devotedtothememoryofRobertFrost,offersanopportunityforreflectionwhichisprizedbypoliticiansaswellasbyothersandevenbypoets.ForRobertFrostwasoneofthegranitefiguresofourtimeinAmerica.HewassupremelytwothingsanartistandanAmerican.2Anationrevealsitselfnotonlybythemenitproduces,alsobythemenithonors,themenitremembers.,Section3:DetailedReading,TheArtistinAmerica,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,3InAmericaourheroeshavecustomarilyruntomenoflargeaccomplishments.Buttodaythiscollegeandcountryhonorsaman3whosecontributionwasnottooursizebuttoourspirit;nottoourpoliticalbeliefsbuttoourinsight;nottoourself-esteem,buttoourself-comprehension.44InhonoringRobertFrostwethereforecanpayhonortothedeepestsourcesofournationalstrength.Thatstrengthtakesmanyformsandthemostobviousformsarenotalwaysthemostsignificant.,Section3:DetailedReading,5Themenwhocreatepowermakeanindispensablecontributiontothenationsgreatness.5Butthemenwhoquestionpowermakeacontributionjustasindispensable,especiallywhenthatquestioningisdisinterested.66Fortheydeterminewhetherweusepowerorpowerusesus.7Ournationalstrengthmatters;butthespiritwhichinformsandcontrolsourstrengthmattersjustasmuch.ThiswasthespecialsignificanceofRobertFrost.,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,78Hebroughtanunsparinginstinctforrealitytobearontheplatitudesandpietiesofsociety.9Hissenseofthehumantragedyfortifiedhimagainstself-deceptionandeasyconsolation.810“Ihavebeen,”hewrote,“oneacquaintedwiththenight.”911Andbecauseheknewthemidnightaswellasthehighnoon,becauseheunderstoodtheordealaswellasthetriumphofthehumanspirit,hegavehisagestrengthwithwhichtoovercomedespair.,QUESTION,10Atbottomheheldadeepfaithinthespiritofman.AnditshardlyanaccidentthatRobertFrostcoupledpoetryandpower.12Forhesawpoetryasthemeansofsavingpowerfromitself.11Whenpowerleadsmantowardarrogance,poetryremindshimofhislimitations.Whenpowernarrowstheareasofmansconcern,poetryremindshimoftherichnessanddiversityofhisexistence.Whenpowercorrupts,poetrycleanses.,Section3:DetailedReading,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,12Forartestablishesthebasichumantruthswhichmustserveasthetouchstonesofourjudgment.13Theartist,howeverfaithfultohispersonalvisionofreality,becomesthelastchampionoftheindividualmindandsensibilityagainstanintrusivesocietyandanofficiousstate.13Thegreatartististhusasolitaryfigure.Hehas,asFrostsaid,14“aloversquarrelwiththeworld.”Inpursuinghisperceptionsofrealityhemustoftensailagainstthecurrentsofhistime.Thisisnotapopularrole.,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,1415IfRobertFrostwasmuchhonoredduringhislifetime,itwasbecauseagoodmanypreferredtoignorehisdarkertruths.1516Yetinretrospectweseehowtheartistsfidelityhasstrengthenedthefiberofournationallife.17Ifsometimesourgreatartistshavebeenthemostcriticalofoursocietyitisbecausetheirsensitivityandtheirconcernforjustice,whichmustmotivateanytrueartist,makeshimawarethatournationfallsshortofitshighestpotential.,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,16Iseelittleofmoreimportancetothefutureofourcountryandourcivilizationthanfullrecognitionoftheplaceoftheartist.Ifartistonourishtherootsofourculture,societymustsettheartistfreetofollowhisvisionwhereverittakeshim.17Wemustneverforgetthatartisnotaformofpropaganda;itisaformoftruth.AndasMr.(Archibald)MacLeishonceremarkedofpoets,19“Thereisnothingworseforourtradethantobeinstyle.”,Section3:DetailedReading,1820Infreesocietyartisnotaweaponanditdoesnotbelongtothesphereofpolemicsandideology.21Artistsarenotengineersofthesoul.19Itmaybedifferentelsewhere.22Butdemocraticsocietyinitthehighestdutyofthewriter,thecomposer,theartististoremaintruetohimselfandtoletthechipsfallwheretheymay.,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,20Inservinghisvisionofthetruththeartistbestserveshisnation.AndthenationwhichdisdainsthemissionofartinvitesthefateofRobertFrostshiredman23“thefateofhavingnothingtolookbackwardtowithprideandnothingtolookforwardtowithhope.”21IlookforwardtoagreatfutureforAmerica24afutureinwhichourcountrywillmatchitsmilitarystrengthwithourmoralrestraint,itswealthwithourwisdom,itspowerwithourpurpose.,Section3:DetailedReading,22IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichwillnotbeafraidofgraceandbeauty,whichwillprotectthebeautyofournaturalenvironment,whichwillpreservethegreatoldAmericanhousesandsquaresandparksofournationalpastandwhichwillbuildhandsomeandbalancedcitiesforourfuture.23IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichwillrewardachievementintheartsaswerewardachievementinbusinessorstatecraft.,Section3:DetailedReading,24IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichwillsteadilyraisethestandardsofartisticaccomplishmentandwhichwillsteadilyenlargeculturalopportunitiesforallofourcitizens.25IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichcommandsrespectthroughouttheworldnotonlyforitsstrengthbutforitscivilizationaswell.26AndIlookforwardtoaworldwhichwillbesafenotonlyfordemocracyanddiversitybutalsoforpersonaldistinction.,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,2725RobertFrostwasoftenskepticalaboutprojectsforhumanimprovement.YetIdonotthinkhewoulddisdainthishope.2826AshewroteduringtheuncertaindaysoftheSecondWar:27Takehumannaturealtogethersincetimebegan,Anditmustbealittlemoreinfavorofman,Sayafractionofonepercentattheveryleast,Ourholdontheplanetwouldnthavesoincreased.29BecauseofMr.Frostslifeandwork,becauseofthelifeandworkofthiscollege,ourholdonthisplanethasincreased.,QUESTION,ACTIVITY,Section3:DetailedReading,Whyare“politicians,”“others”and“poets”arrangedinthisorder?(Paragraph1),“Politicians”refertothegroupofpeopleelectedtoleadthemajorityandthereforeshouldhaveagreatersenseofresponsibilityandamorefar-reachinginsight;“others”refertothegeneralpublicwhoarethemajorityofsocietyenjoyinganintelligenceandinsightoftheaveragelevel;“poets”refertotheartistsorthespiritualeliteofsociety,suchasRobertFrost,whoaregiftedwithaninsightevenmorepenetratingthanthatofthepoliticiansinacquiring,Section3:DetailedReading,profoundunderstandingofvarioussocialphenomenainhumanhistoryandinpointingouttherightdirectionofthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.Thespeakerplaces“poets”attheendsoastoemphasizetheimportantroletheyplayinhumansociety.Fromthisphrasewecanhaveaglimpseofthemajorthemeofthisspeech,thatis,toensureabrightfuture,peopleshouldpayhigherrespecttospiritualstrengththantomaterialstrength.,Section3:DetailedReading,Inwhatpossibleaspectsmaypowerbequestioned?(Paragraph5),Peoplemayraisequestionsaboutpowersuchaswhetherpowerisdevelopinghealthily,whetherpoweristheforceofjustice,whetherpowerhasbeenabused,orwhetherthewell-beingofpeoplehasbeencorruptedbypower.,Section3:DetailedReading,HowdoesKennedydescribethecontributionofRobertFrost?(Paragraphs3-6),AccordingtoJohnF.Kennedy,thecontributionofRobertFrosttothenationisnotthatheincreasedthenationalpowerinitsobviousorsuperficialform,butthathecontributedtothedeepestsourcesofstrength,orspirit,ofthenation.Mostspecifically,hehadquestionedpowerofthenationandtheuseofit,which,accordingtoKennedy,hasplacedpowerwellundercontrolandhelpedpreventthenationfrombeingsubjecttoitsownpower.,Section3:DetailedReading,Howdoyouunderstand“thehumantragedy”inthisspecificcontext?(Paragraph7),Onephilosophicalexplanationhasitthat,likealllivingspecies,humansareendowedwithacertainnumberofphysiologicalandsocialneeds:theneedforfood,rest,securityandsoon.Theseneedsarequiteeasilysatisfied.However,wehumanshaveanadditionalneed,lackinginallotherspecies,foranoverarchingmeaningoflife.Thisneedcanneverbesatisfiedunlesswedeceiveourselves.Wecanthuseitherdeludeourselvesintobeliefinafalsemeaningoflife,orwecanremainhonestandrealizethatlifeismeaningless.Allhumanendeavorseemsultimatelyfutileorevendisastrous.,Section3:DetailedReading,Whatistherelationship,accordingtoKennedy,betweenpoetryandpower?(Paragraphs10-11),WhilesayingthatFrostcoupledpoetryandpower,KennedyarguedthatpoetryhadbeenusedbyFrostasameanstosavepowerfromself-destruction.Itisbecausepoetryestablishesbasichumanvalueswhichstopthestatefromabusingitspower.,Section3:DetailedReading,Whyisanartistasolitaryfigure?(Paragraph13),AccordingtoRobertFrost,hehimselfwasaloveroftheworldwhoquarreledwithit,sinceittendedtorunagainsthisvisionofreality.Itseemsthatanartististryingtomaketheworldrightbyhimselfwhiletherestoftheworldisgoinginthewrongdirection.Probablyitisbecauseheistheonlypersonwhohasdetectedthedarktruththatthepublicfailtonoticeorevendeny.,Section3:DetailedReading,Whatarethespiritualfeaturesembodiedinthe“artist?”(Paragraph12-15),Theimageof“artist”inthisspeechistheembodimentofloftyidealandpenetratinginsight.Heistheonewhohashispersonalvisionofrealityandisthelastdefenderoftheindividualmindandsensibilityagainstanintrusivesocietyandanofficiousstate.Heisasober-mindedobserverinwhomthehopeofsocietylies.,Section3:DetailedReading,Howshouldanationtreatitsartists?Why?(Paragraphs16-19),AccordingtoKennedy,itisofutmostimportanceforanationtorecognizetheplaceofartists,becauseartnourishestherootsofitsculture.Forthatpurpose,anationmustletanartistfollowhisowntruevision.Inaddition,anationmustrewardtheachievementsofartistsasitrewardsthoseofbusinessmenandstatesmen.,Section3:DetailedReading,Howdoyouunderstandthatdemocracy,diversityandespeciallypersonaldistinctioncanguaranteethesecurityofhumansociety?(Paragraph26),Democracymeansmajorityrule,whichisamostvalidapproachtothestabilityofsociety.Diversitymeansthedifferenceamongpeople,towhichifwepayourduerespect,alotofconflictsorwarsintheworldcanbeavoided.Bothofthem,onebeingapoliticalsystemandtheotherbeingamoralprinciple,areexteriorforceswesetuptoguaranteethesecurityofhumansociety.Therecanactuallybeamore,Section3:DetailedReading,fundamentalandefficientwayofattainingthesamepurpose,thatis,toencourageeveryonetothinkdifferently.Ifthiscouldbeachieved,onewouldnotbeeasilycajoled,oragitated,ormanipulatedtobethetoolofanywickedpower.Theworldcanthusremaininsecurity.,Itmeansthat,althoughFrostquestionedthemovementsoftheworld,hewasconfidentinthegeneralimprovementofhumanbeings.Althoughthereisaforceinnature,includinghumannature,thatmaydestroyman,thereisstillhopethatmanmayflourishwhichisevidencedbytheincreasingpopulation.ItiswithsuchanawarenessoftheharshfactsoftheworldandafirmoptimisminthefateofhumanbeingsthatRobertFrostwasatworktoprovidethenationwith,inthewordsofKennedy,moralrestrainttomatchitsmilitarypower,wisdomtomatchitswealth,andapurposetomatchitspower.,Section3:DetailedReading,WhatdoesthepoemthatFrost“wroteduringtheuncertaindaysoftheSecondWar”mean?(Paragraphs27-28),Section3:DetailedReading,Insummary,whatisJohnF.KennedysvisionofAmerica?,Tosumup,hisideaisthatAmericashouldturnitselfintoacountrywhichenjoyshighmoralstandard,withloftyuseofitswealthandmilitarystrength,soastomakeremarkablecontributionstoenhancingthelevelofcivilizationofthewholehumankind.,1)Inasense,poetryprevailsoverpowerinthat“whenpowernarrowstheareasofmansconcern,poetryremindshimoftherichnessanddiversityofhisexistence.”Nowlistentoasong“PoetryandPower”andthenform4-membergroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.Howdoespoetrypossessthepowerthatismorethanpower?Couldyoufigureoutsomereasonsbasedonyourownunderstanding?,LYRICS,Section3:DetailedReading,AUDIO,ClassDiscussions,Thisisnostalgia/Andonlythehero/Fightsformeandyoudearlistener/Youleaveoldmemories/Andsuchthingsdisgustme/Stormthedoor,Imustgetout/Poetryandpower/Iceandfire/Thisispoetryandpower/Poetryandpower/Iceandfire/Thisispoetryandpower/Youreworsethanmirrors/Areyoureflecting/Idontknow/Allthishelpleavesmecold/Thisisconfusingmeagain/Imustgetout/PoetryandPower/IceandFire/Thisispoetryandpower/IceandFireThisispoetryandpower/Yourpoetryispower/Youricebecomesfire/Allthingsdisgustyou/Andyouarethelistener/Aherodiesforme/Imustgetout/Thisispoetryandpower/Yourpoetryispower/Youricebecomesfire/Thisispoetryandpower,Section3:DetailedReading,Section3:DetailedReading,ImaginethatyouwereappointedpresidentofChina.Deliveraspeechentitled“MyVisionofChina”beforetheclass.,RobertLeeFrost(1874-1963)wasanAmericanpoet.HisworksfrequentlydrewinspirationfromrurallifeinNewEngland,usingthesettingtoexplorecomplexsocialandphilosophicalthemes.Apopularandoften-quotedpoet,Frostwashighlyhonoredduringhislifetime,receivingfourPulitzerPrizes.Threeofhisbest-knownpoemsareTheRoadNotTaken,StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening(containingtheline“AndmilestogobeforeIsleep”),andMendingWall(thesourceoftheline“Goodfencesmakegoodneighbors”).FrostreadhispoemTheGiftOutrightatthe1961inaugurationofJohnF.Kennedy.Frostpreferredtraditionalrhymeandmeterinpoetry;hisfamousdismissaloffreeversewas,“Idjustassoonplaytenniswiththenetdown.”,Section3:DetailedReading,Section3:DetailedReading,Section3:DetailedReading,RobertFrostreadinghispoematPresidentKennedysInauguration,Section3:DetailedReading,prize:v.tothinkthatsb.orsth.isveryimportantorvaluable,e.g.,Heissomeonewhoprizestruthanddecencyaboveallthings.Thecompanysshoesarehighlyprizedbyfashionconsciousyoungsters.,Section3:DetailedReading,Practice:,Translatethefollowingsentences.1)所有财产中他最看重的是他的新车。（=Heprizedhisnewcaraboveallhisotherpossessions.）2)用铅做的军人塑像很受收藏者们青睐。（=Militaryfiguresmadeoutofleadareprizedbycollectors.）,Synonym:,appreciate,Section3:DetailedReading,granite:n.averyhardgreyrock,oftenusedinbuilding,butinthespecifictextthewordisusedmetaphorically,meaningsteadfastness,unyieldingendurance,e.g.,biteongranite徒劳无功awillofgranite坚定的信念,Transformation:,granitica.e.g.,agraniticfist,Section3:DetailedReading,Section3:DetailedReading,supremely:ad.Youusesupremelytoemphasizethegreatnessofaqualityorthing.,e.g.,asupremelytalentedplayer