被动语态1讲解ppt课件

被动语态,一定义：语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。,.,Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。,Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。,.,二、被动语态结构：,be+过去分词(PP)+(by),.,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/aredone,was/weredone,am/is/arebeingdone,was/werebeingdone,(shall/will/begoingto)bedone,wouldbedone,have/hasbeendone,hadbeendone,在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用by词组。例如：,HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。,.,1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,三、主动变被动的方法,即：宾变主,谓变被.主变宾，前加by.,当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,.,主动语态的宾语分：1、单宾2、双宾3、复合宾语4、宾语从句.,PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。,Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.,1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：,.,单宾：,Shedoesherhomeworkatschool.Herhomeworkisdone(byher)atschool.(by短语常省略)WheredopeoplegrowcottoninChina?WhereiscottongrowninChina?,.,2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换,IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).,Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).,.,2、双宾（举例）,-Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.Igavehimabookyesterday.-Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.MrChengteachesusmaththisterm.Wemaththisterm.Mysisterboughtmeajacketlastweek.Ajacketmelastweek,aretaught,wasboughtfor,.,双宾,带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前。若将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for（“make,draw,sing,choose,buy,keep”用for,其他动词用to）.,.,1)带to不定式作宾语补足语的,ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb.todosth.结构：,areencouraged,3.复合宾语,Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees.,Wetoplantmoretrees.,.,Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.,Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.,shouldbeallowed,.,2)不带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语,主动语态中的感官使役动词（一感、二听、三使，四看）后面省略to的不定式，在改为被动语态时，一定要补上to.口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来.(feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch,notice),.,Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.-Hesinginthenextroom.Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.-Wedoallkindsofwork.Isawherenterthelibrary.-Sheenterthelibrary.,washeardto,weremadeto,wasseento,Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.,Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.,Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.,2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,4.当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,.,4、宾语从句,TheysayMrMarkwillcometoChinasoon.ItssaidthatMrMarkwillcometoChinasoon.据说MrMark马上要到中国来ItisreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道Itsthought/believedthat据认为Itssuggestedthat有人建议Itswellknownthat众所周知Itshopedthat人们希望。,.,四、主动语态表被动意义：,1.表示主语状态特征的连系动词+形容词、名词构成系表结构：look,sound，feel,smell,taste,seem,appear，turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等。,Yourideasoundsreasonable.,Thedishtastesdelicious.,2.表示“开始”；“结束”“运动”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin,start,open,close,shut,end,finish,stop,run,move等。例如：,SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.,.,3.主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,lock,shut,run,dry,drink等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：,Themachinerunswell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thebookssellswell.,4.动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1.)在need,require,want(需要)等动词后，表示某物(人)要进行处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：,Youvecomejustintimetohelpus.Fine,whatrequiresdoing?(=Fine,whatrequirestobedone?)Thissentenceneeds_.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved,C,2.)beworth后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.,5.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。例如：,ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.,.,2).不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。,difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,Thefishisnotfit_(eat)WefindEnglishishard_(learn)Thearticleisdifficult_(understand).,toeat,tolearn,tounderstand,.,3).不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。,Ihavealotofhomework_(do)Illgivehimsomebooks_(read),todo,toread,.,五、没有被动语态的动词和词组(1),1、有些“静态”动词不能用于被动语态。（have,cost,last,own,suit,hold,fit,belongto,agreewith等）Thetravellasted3weeks.这次旅行持续了三个星期。TheMP3costs500yuan.ThisdictionarybelongstoMike.,.,2、有些不及物动词及短语（appear,happen,takeplace,breakout,die,belongto,agreewith,keepupwith,makeaface等,Thewarbrokeoutin1932.,.,3.动词leave,enter,reach等，其宾语是表示处所、地点等,.,6Hereceivedatelegram_:“Motherill”AwrittenB.readingC.saidD.writing,B,.,7.-Didyouhandhimtheletteryesterday?-No,I_tohimbroughtittookithaditsentcarriedit,C,.,8Alicehadadress_lastweekAmadeB.makeC.tobemadeD.tomake,A,.,9Theteachercouldntmakehim_attentiontobecausethestudentsweresonoisy.paypaidtopaytobepaid,B,.,10.-Whenwillthelecturebegin?-Whenthestudents_AhavesatBsatdownCwillsitDareseated,D,1.ItsuddenlysnowedwhileMary_forthebus.A.waitedB.waitsC.waswaitingD.waswaited2.Abigpowerstation()_inmyhometownnow.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilding3.Stamps_bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.4.Mustoldpeople_topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken,C,B,D,D,5.Bikemustnt_everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting6.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand_ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain7.Theoldmanandthechildren_inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofD.mustbetakengoodcareof8.GrannyWangtoldthelittlechildrenthatthesun_Fromtheeast.A.hasrisenB.riseC.risesD.isrisen,B,A,D,C,9.Alltreesmust_wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered10._Ithinktheshop_._No,itsopen.It_atsix.AskedB.willbeaskedC.closed;closesD.closes;isclosed11.ThisbikeismadeinAmerica.Its_fortravelling.A.useB.usingC.touseD.used,D,D,D,1.Thekey_forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use2.Anewschool_overthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt3.Hewasmade_yesterday.A.cryB.tocryC.c