英语二级考试语法重点

英语二级考试语法重点,讲解,练习,重点,一.动词虚拟语气二.非谓语动词三.名词从句四.定语从句五.状语从句六.主语和谓语的一致七.倒装句八.情态动词的完成体九.强调,1.1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法,用法举例,表示与现在事实相反的假设1.IfIwereyou,Ishouldgotoseethedoctoratonce.2.Ifweknewhisaddress,wecouldwritetohim.表示与过去事实相反的假设1.Ifyouhadcomehereyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.2.Ifhehadntbeensobusy,hewouldhavehelpedyou.,用法举例,表示与将来事实相反的假设1.Ifitwerefinetomorrow,wewouldgoforanouting.2.IfIshoulddoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.注:在书面英语中,如果条件句中的谓语动词含有系动词were或助动词had,should,有时可将连词if省略,而把were,had或should移到主语之前.如以上几例可变成:,用法举例,WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Ishouldgotoseethedoctoratonce.Hadyoucomehereyesterday(=Ifyouhadcomehereyesterday),youwouldhaveseenhim.ShouldIdoit(=IfIshoulddoit),Iwoulddoitinandifferentway.,1.2虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,句型:Itisimportant/necessary/natural/vital/strange/advisable+that+主语+(should)+动词原形例如:Itisstrangethatshe(should)doso.Itisnecessarythattheproblem(should)besolvedimmediately.,1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1)用于动词wish后的that从句中:这类虚拟语气主要表示愿望,that常省略.如果指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时;如果指过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时.例如:,1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,IwishIknewFrench.IwishedthatIhadboughtthatskirtinShanghai.注:a.动词wish如果是过去式,后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式不变,仍然用过去式或过去完成式.有时在宾语从句中可用would(might)+动词原形,表示有可能实现的愿望.例如:Iwishhewouldcome,1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,2.用于suggest等动词后的that从句中:句型:suggestdemandinsist+that+主语+(should)+动词原形proposeorderadvise例如:Theyinsistedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.,1.4虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的用法,用于order,suggestion,demand,request,proposal等名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中,从句的谓语动词应用should+动词原形,should可省略.1)用于同位语从句中:Theyreceivedordersthatthey(should)startatonce.2)用于表语从句中Herproposalisthatwe(should)restforhalfanhour.,1.5虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法,1)用于asif/asthough引导的状语从句中:如果表示与现在事实相反,用过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时.Theylovetheboyasifheweretheirownchild.Shespeaksasifshehadbeentherebefore.2)用于lest(惟恐)引导的状语从句,谓语多用(should)+动词原形.例如:Theyspokeinwhisperslestthey(should)beheard.,1.6虚拟语气在Itis(high)time(that)句中的用法,表示“该是的时候了”,从句里的谓语动词用过去式.例如:Itstimeyouwenttobed.Itstimeweleft.,1.7虚拟语气在wouldratherthat句中的用法,Wouldrather意为“宁愿”(wish),从句里的谓语动词用过去时表示现在和将来,用过去完成时表示过去.例如:Iwouldratherthatyoustayedwithme.Iwouldratherthatyouhadntdoneit.,1.8虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法,1)由介词短语引起虚拟语气.Withoutelectricity,therewouldnotbemodernindustry.Butforyourtimelyhelp,wecouldnothavecaughtthethief.2)由表示转折的连词引起虚拟语气.Iwastoobusyyesterday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.Youshouldhavehandedinyourtermpaperlastweek,butyoudidnt.Ididntcatchthebus,orIwouldnthavecomelate.,1.9用于ifonly感叹句中,Ifonly表示“但愿”“要是