句子结构与句子种类

句子结构与句子种类,主讲：Kim,一.简单句的五种基本句型,1主语+谓语（S+V）注：谓语动词主要是不及物动词，不能跟宾语，但可以带状语。例如：Languagefrequentlychange.Rickycried!,2.主语+谓语+表语（S+V+P）,系动词：可以是be,seem,appear,remainkeep,stay及感官动词。表语：可以是名词，代词，形容词，非谓语动词，介词短语。Linaishappy.Hebecameanexploerinhisthirties,3.主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）,注：谓语动词是及物动词宾语:可以是名词，代词，动名词，不定式，从句RickyhatesLina.Theyhavealotofcourage.Idontliketakinginpublic.,4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+Oi+Od）,直接宾语和间接宾语合称为双宾语，间接宾语一般为人，直接宾语一般为物。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可以把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，而在间接宾语前加for或to.LinagaveRickyrose.LinagaverosetoRicky.Myfatherwillbuyanewbikeforme.,五.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+Os）,宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，宾语补足语用来说明宾语的动作或状态等。可在作为宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，副词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。IfoundLinalovely.TheydecidedtocallthebabyMark.Isawyouputthekeyinyourpocket.总结：如何区分双宾语和复合宾语？双宾语不存在逻辑关系，而复合宾语存在逻辑关系，可以加系动词Linaislovely.babyisMark.thekeyisinthepocket,二.并列句,并列句是有俩个或俩个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。基本结构：简单句+并列连词+简单句种类：联合并列句，转折并列句，选择并列句，因果并列句注意：用并列连词连接的必须是完整的俩个句子SVO,andSVO,1.联合并列句,常由and,notonly.but(also),neither.nor等连接注意：连接成分要对等！Therewasabigstormaftermidnightandtherainpoureddown.Henotonlyreadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadread.改错：Thetitlearesortednotonlybytheirsurfaceappearancebutalsoaccordingtotheirhardnessandtheircapacityofconductingheat.()A.accordingtotheirhardnessandoftheirheat-conductingcapacity.B.bytheirhardnessandiftheyhavethecapacityforheatconduction.C.bytheirhardnessandtheircapacityforconductingheat.D.bytheirhardnessandcapacityinheatconduction,2.转折并列句,常由but,while,yet,whereas等连接。Tome,thepastisblackandwhite,butthefutureisalawayscolor.Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneywhilemenworkathomeandraisechildren.Itsasmallcar,yetitssurprisingspacious.,.,3.选择并列句,常由or,either.or.,orelse,otherwise等连Eitherhecouldnotcomeorhedidnotwantto.Turntheheatdownoritwillburn.,4.因果并列句,常由so,for,therefore等连接。IdidntgetenoughsleepsoIdidntfeelverywellthismorning.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginingtofall.,祈使句,带主语祈使句祈使句的主语一般省略，有时为了指明向谁提出命令或请求，或为了加强语气，可加上you,或称呼。Permitmetoleadtheway,sir.Mary,comehere-everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.,2.祈使句的否定形式,祈使句的否定形式通常在句首加dont或neverDonottrylearntoomanywordsatonetimeNevertellanyoneyourpassword.,注意：,在祈使句+and/or+陈述句当前后俩部分间为承接关系时，用and;前后关系为相反关系时,用orStandoverthereandyoullbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.Respectyourself,ornooneelsewillrespectyou.,反意疑问句,1,陈述部分主语是不定代词不定代词是指人，附加问句的主语强调全部时用they.强调个体时也可用he，不定代词指物时，附加问句的主语用it.Everyoneknowstheanswer,dontthey/doesnthe?Nothingcouldmakehimchangehismind,couldit?,感叹句,what引导的感叹句中心词为名词，how引导的感叹句中心词为形容词或副词。二者用于以下七种句型：what+名词+主语+谓语!what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！what+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！how+主语+谓语！how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！how+形容词+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语！,例句：,whatabigredappleitis!whatbeautifulflowerstheseare!howcleveryouare!howhehatedthecatbefore!,2,陈述部分有否定词时,陈述句部分带有no,never,hardly,seldom等否定词时，附加问句一般用肯定形式。若是带否定前缀的派生词，则附加问句仍用否定形式。Shenevertellsalie,doesshe?Hecanhardlyanswerthisquestion,canhe?ItisimpossibletolearnEnglishwellwithoutrememberingmorewords,isntit?,3,陈述句部分有动词have时,have若为实义动词，附加问句的动词用do的相应形式；若为助动词，附加问句的动词用have的相应形式Theyusuallyhavebreakfastatschool,dontthey?MrGreenhasgonetoAmericaforaholiday,hasnthe?,4,陈述部分有表推测的must时,附加问句的动词取决于must后的动词形式，若must后用动词的完成式，附加问句可用have或did.Youmustbehungrynow,arentyou?Youmusthaveseenthefilm,haventyou?Hemusthavefinishedhishomeworklastnight,didnthe?,5,陈述部分是并列句或复合句时,陈述句如果是并列句，附加问句与邻近分句一致；如果是主从复合句，附加问句一般应与主句一致。BobspeaksEnglish,buthiswifespeaksGerman.doesntshe?Whentheteaherspeaksinclass,wehavetokeepquiet,dontwe?,6,陈述部分含有否定转移时,陈述部分是I/wedontthink/believe/expect/imagine等+宾语从句时，附加句应与从句一致且用肯定形式。Idontsupposeheisserious,ishe?wedontbelievethatthenewsistrue,isit?,7,陈述句部分是祈使句,陈述部分是肯定祈使句，附加问句用wontyou或willyou若是否定祈使句常用willyou以lets开头的祈使句，附加问句用shallwe,若以letus开头则用willyouGivemeahand,willyou?Dontbelateagain,willyou?Letshaveabreak,shallwe?Letusgotothepark,willyou?,Therebe句型,1,therebe句式的一致性therebe结构式表示某地有某物的一种句式,当有俩个或俩个以上的名词作主语时,be动词的数应遵循就近一致原则。Arethereanystudentsinthereadingroom?Thereischairandtheredesksintheroom?,2,therebe句式的变式,therebe句型中的be可以有不同的时态,be前有时可以加上seemto