新视界大学英语4UnitVIP

,Topicpreview:WatchavideoclipaboutthegreateststoriesstudentshaveeverreadanddiscusstheHOME-RUNbooksstudentsneedtoread.,ForChinesechildren,whatstoryorstoriesarethemostpopular?,Girls？,Boys？,Warmingup,Warmingup,Readthefirstlinesofthenovelsandanswerthequestions.,Warmingup,ThisisatruestorybutIcantbelieveitsreallyhappening.Itsamurderstory,too.Icantbelievemyluck.MartinAmis,LondonFields(1989)Anhourand45minutesbeforeNazneenslifebeganbeganasitwouldproceedforquitesometime,thatistosayuncertainlyhermotherRupbanfeltanironfistsqueezeherbelly.MonicaAli,BrickLane(2003),Warmingup,MynameisKathyH.Im31yearsold,andIvebeenacarernowforover11years.Thatsoundslongenough,Iknow,butactuallytheywantmetogoonforanothereightmonths,untiltheendofthisyear.KazuoIshiguro,NeverLetMeGo(2005)Excuseme,Sir,butmayIbeofassistance?Ah,IseeIhavealarmedyou.Donotbefrightenedbymybeard:IamaloverofAmerica.MohsinHamid,TheReluctantFundamentalist(2007),Warmingup,Questions:Whichbeginninglooks:1mosttraditional?2leasttraditional?3mostmemorable?4leastmemorable?Nowdiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Reference,Warmingup,Reference:1TheoneofBrickLaneseemsfairlytraditionalinthesensethatitbeginswiththebirthofsomeoneIguesstobethemaincharacter.2ThelastoneofTheReluctantFundamentalistseemsratherstrange.Wearentgivenmuchhelp:Someonespeaks,butnottothereader;thereissomesortofimaginedsituation.3Ifindthephrase“feltanironfistsqueezeherbelly”dramaticanditmakestheopeningsentence(fromBrickLane)memorable.4ThethirdofNeverLetMeGoisratherflatthoughIamnotsurewhatKathymeansexactly.,Warmingup,Workinpairs.Tellyourpartnerwhichbookyouwouldmostliketoread,andwhy.,Warmingup,Check()theadviceyouwouldexpectawritertogivetoareader.,1Neverlendabooktoanyone.2Spendallyourmoneyonbooks.3Thinkaboutabookbeforeyoustartreadingit.4Dontreadanybookswhichareconsideredtobeimmoral.5Readaslittleaspossible.,NowreadtheextractfromHenryMillersTheBooksinMyLifeandcompareyouranswerswiththewriters.,Skimming,Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.AnswerthequestionsofActivity2and3onpage27.,Task,Skimming,Check()thethingsthewritersaysaboutbooks.,Nowworkinpairsanddecidewhichofthestatementsyouagreewith.,Books_.1arelivingthings2areeasytoobtain3canenrichthereadersmindandspirit4areareadersfriends5canmakefriendsforthereader6shouldstayontheshelf7canbedangerous8arelikemoney9arealldifferent10arerarelyoriginal,Skimming,Choosethebestanswertothequestions.,1WhatdoesMillerconsidertohavebeenanadvantageduringhiswritingcareer?(a)Tohavebeenabletoreadallthebookshewanted.(b)Tohavegrownupinaroomfullofbooks.(c)Tohavewrittenwithouttheaidofalibrary.(d)Thefactthatheneverwantedtoownanybooks.,2WhatdidthreestarsonabookmeaninthepubliclibraryofMillersyouth?(a)Youngpeoplewerentallowedtoreadthem.(b)Theywerethemostpopularbooksinthelibrary.(c)Theywereintendedforchildren.(d)Theyweremoreexcitingthanone-starbooks.,(c),(a),Skimming,3WhydoesMillerhopethestarsystemstillexistsinpubliclibraries?(a)Itisanefficientsystemwhichworkswell.(b)Itdiscouragespeoplefromreadinginappropriatebooks.(c)Itmakespeopleinterestedinreading.(d)Itmakesiteasierforpeopletorecognizebooks.,4Whydopeoplelendbooks,inMillersopinion?(a)Becausetheyfeeltheneedtosharetheirfeelings.(b)Becauseitsthebestwaytomakeafriend.(c)Becauseitslessriskythanlendingmoney.(d)Becauseitsnotpossibletopossessabookforever.,(c),(a),Skimming,5AccordingtoMiller,whatshouldyoudowhenyoufindabookyouwanttoread?(a)Pickitupandstartreading.(b)Askafriendforadviceaboutthebook.(c)Thinkaboutwhetheryoureallyneedtoreadit.(d)Onlyreaditifitisoriginal.,6WhatdoesMillerespeciallyadmireaboutBlaiseCendrars?(a)Hehadaveryadventurouslife.(b)Hewasagreatwriter.(c)Heknewwhattodowithhistime.(d)Hereadaswellaswrotealot.,(c),(d),Theywerealiveandtheyspoketome,译文,Digging,Backgroundinformation,1Isitinalittleroom,onewallofwhichisnowcompletelylinedwithbooks.ItisthefirsttimeIhavehadtheleisureofworkingwithanythinglikeacollectionofbooks.Thereareprobablynomorethan500inall,butforthemostparttheyrepresentmyownchoice.Itisthefirsttime,sinceIbeganmywritingcareer,thatIamsurroundedwithagoodlynumberofthebooksIhavealwayslongedtopossess.Thefact,however,thatinthepastIdidmostofmyworkwithouttheaidofalibraryIlookuponasanadvantageratherthanadisadvantage.,Digging,2OneofthefirstthingsIassociatewiththereadingofbooksisthestruggleIwagedtoobtainthem.Nottoownthem,mindyou,buttolayhandsonthem.FromthemomentthepassiontookholdofmeIencounterednothingbutobstacles.ThebooksIwanted,atthepubliclibrary,werealwaysout.AndofcourseIneverhadthemoneytobuythem.TogetpermissionfromthelibraryinmyneighborhoodIwas18or19yearsofagetoborrowsucha“demoralizing”workasTheConfessionofaFool,byStrindberg,wasjustimpossible.,译文,Digging,Inthosedaysthebookswhichyoungpeoplewereprohibitedfromreadingweredecoratedwithstarsone,twoorthreeaccordingtothedegreeofimmoralityattributedtothem.Isuspectthisprocedurestillobtains.Ihopeso,forIknowofnothingbettercalculatedtowhetonesappetitethanthisstupidsortofclassificationandprohibition.,译文,Digging,3Whatmakesabooklive?Howoftenthisquestionarises!Theanswer,inmyopinion,issimple.Abooklivesthroughthepassionaterecommendationofonereadertoanother.Nothingcanthrottlethisbasicimpulseinthehumanbeing.Despitetheviewsofcynicsandmisanthropes,itismybeliefthatmenwillalwaysstrivetosharetheirdeepestexperiences.,译文,Digging,4Booksareoneofthefewthingsmencherishdeeply.Andthebetterthemanthemoreeasilywillhepartwithhismostcherishedpossessions.Abooklyingidleonashelfiswastedammunition.Likemoney,booksmustbekeptinconstantcirculation.Lendandborrowtothemaximumofbothbooksandmoney!Butespeciallybooks,forbooksrepresentinfinitelymorethanmoney.Abookisnotonlyafriend,itmakesfriendsforyou.Whenyouhavepossessedabookwithmindandspirit,youareenriched.Butwhenyoupassitonyouareenrichedthreefold.,译文,Digging,5Hereanirrepressibleimpulseseizesmetoofferapieceofgratuitousadvice.Itisthis:Readaslittleaspossible,notasmuchaspossible!Oh,donotdoubtthatIhaveenviedthosewhohavedrownedinbooks.I,too,wouldsecretlyliketowadethroughallthosebooksIhavesolongtoyedwithinmymind.ButIknowitisnotimportant.IknownowthatIdidnotneedtoreadevenatenthofwhatIhaveread.Themostdifficultthinginlifeistolearntodoonlywhatisstrictlyadvantageoustooneswelfare,strictlyvital.,译文,Digging,6ThereisanexcellentwaytotestthispreciousbitofadviceIhavenotgivenrashly.Whenyoustumbleuponabookyouwouldliketoread,orthinkyououghttoread,leaveitaloneforafewdays.Butthinkaboutitasintenselyasyoucan.Letthetitleandtheauthorsnamerevolveinyourmind.Thinkwhatyouyourselfmighthavewrittenhadtheopportunitybeenyours.Askyourselfearnestlyifitbeabsolutelynecessarytoaddthisworktoyourstoreofknowledgeoryourfundofenjoyment.,译文,Digging,Trytoimaginewhatitwouldmeantoforegothisextrapleasureorenlightenment.Then,ifyoufindyoumustreadthebook,observewithwhatextraordinaryacumenyoutackleit.Observe,too,thathoweverstimulatingitmaybe,verylittleofthebookisreallynewtoyou.Ifyouarehonestwithyourselfyouwilldiscoverthatyourstaturehasincreasedfromthemereeffortofresistingyourimpulses.,译文,Digging,7Indubitablythevastmajorityofbooksoverlaponeanother.Fewindeedarethosewhichgivetheimpressionoforiginality,eitherinstyleorincontent.Rarearetheuniquebookslessthan50,perhaps,outofthewholestorehouseofliterature.Inoneofhisrecentautobiographicalnovels,BlaiseCendrarspointsoutthatRmydeGourmont,becauseofhisknowledgeandawarenessofthisrepetitivequalityinbooks,wasabletoselectandreadallthatisworthwhileintheentirerealmofliterature.Cendrarshimselfwhowouldsuspectit?isaprodigiousreader.Hereadsmostauthorsintheiroriginaltongue.,译文,Digging,Notonlythat,butwhenhelikesanauthorhereadseverylastbookthemanhaswritten,aswellashislettersandallthebooksthathavebeenwrittenabouthim.Inourdayhiscaseisalmostunparalleled,Iimagine.For,notonlyhashereadwidelyanddeeply,buthehashimselfwrittenagreatmanybooks.Allontheside,asitwere.For,ifheisanything,Cendrars,heisamanofaction,anadventurerandexplorer,amanwhohasknownhowto“waste”histimeroyally.Heis,inasense,theJuliusCaesarofliterature.,Mainideaofthetext,1.Thefact,however,thatinthepastIdidmostofmyworkwithouttheaidofalibraryIlookuponasanadvantageratherthanadisadvantage.(Line9,Para1),Thisisirony.Milleriswritingabouttheimportanceofreadingandaboutthekeybooksinhislife,butthereisaparadox:Onlyrecentlyhashebeenabletogetallthebookshehaswantedallhislifeand,asawriter,hewrotebookswithoutthehelpofalibrary.Hesaysthatnothavingbooksisanadvantage.ProbablyMillersearlywritingwasamixtureofautobiographyandfiction,sohedidntneedtoreadotherbooksorrefertothem.Theironyisthatheissayingthisinabookaboutthebooksthatinfluencedhim.,Difficultsentences,Difficultsentences,2.OneofthefirstthingsIassociatewiththereadingofbooksisthestruggleIwagedtoobtainthem.(Line1,Para2),WhenIthinkofreadingandbooksIrecallhowdifficultitwastoobtainthosebooksIwanted.wageastruggle:tobeinvolvedinastruggle.Thisisbasedonthephrase“wagewar”,whichmeanstofight.,Difficultsentences,3.ThebooksIwanted,atthepubliclibrary,werealwaysout.(Line6,Para2),ThebooksIwantedwereoftennotinthelibraryoroutonloan.,Difficultsentences,4.toborrowsucha“demoralizing”workasTheConfessionofaFool,byStrindberg,wasjustimpossible.(Line10,Para2),Theword“demoralizing”heremeansthatsuchbooksasTheConfessionofaFoolwereconsideredbadforthementaldevelopmentofyoungpeople.Thewordisinquotes(引号)asMillerstronglydisagrees.,Difficultsentences,5.Isuspectthisprocedurestillobtains.(Line16,Para2),Isuspectthisprocedurestillexists.,Difficultsentences,6.Abooklivesthroughthepassionaterecommendationofonereadertoanother.(Line3,Para3),The“life”ofabookdependsontheword-of-mouthrecommendationofonereadertoanother,especiallyifpeoplesuggestwithstrongfeelingsthatthebookshouldberead.,Difficultsentences,Despitethosewhohavelowopinionsofhumans,Ibelievehumansbynaturewanttotellothersoftheirmostimportantexperiencesandfeelings.,7.Despitetheviewsofcynicsandmisanthropes,itismybeliefthatmenwillalwaysstrivetosharetheirdeepestexperiences.(Line6,Para3),Difficultsentences,8.Andthebetterthemanthemoreeasilywillhepartwithhismostcherishedpossessions.(Line2,Para4),ThiscontinuesMillersthoughtthatbooksareforsharing.Agoodpersonwillsharethingstheylove.Inthiscase,suchapersonwillgiveorlendfavouritebookstoothersandsuchgenerositymakesfriends:Whenyougivebooksyougetfriendship.,Difficultsentences,9.Whenyouhavepossessedabookwithmindandspirit,youareenriched.(Line10,Para4),Whenyouhavereadabookwithcarefulattentionandhavereallyunderstooditsideasandemotions,youhavegainedalot.,Difficultsentences,10.observewithwhatextraordinaryacumenyoutackleit.(Line14,Para6),Ifyouwatchyourself,youwillseethatyoureaditwithgreaterintelligence.The“what”clausehereisindirectexclamation.Anotherexample:Shesawwhatabeautifuldayitwas.,Difficultsentences,11.Ifyouarehonestwithyourselfyouwilldiscoverthatyourstaturehasincreasedfromthemereeffortofresistingyourimpulses.(Line17,Para6),Millersargumenthereisthatyoushouldnotreadeverything.Instead,youshouldchooseverycarefully,andresistthetemptationtoreadbookswhicharenotgoingtoaddtoyourknowledgeorenjoyment.Inthisway,youwillgrow.Theimplicationisthatifwechoosetheverybestbooksandreadthemcarefully,wewillgetthebestfromthemandgrowbysuchselection.yourstaturehasincreased:Hereitmetaphoricallymeansyouhavegained.,Difficultsentences,12.Allontheside,asitwere.(Line20,Para7),Cendrarswasamanofactionwhospentmostofhistimeontravelsandadventures.Surprisingly(youwouldthinkhedidnothavetime),hereadalotindifferentlanguagesandevenwrotemanybooksthiswasinadditiontohismainactivities.,Difficultsentences,13.For,ifheisanything,Cendrars,heisamanofaction,anadventurerandexplorer,amanwhohasknownhowto“waste”histimeroyally.(Line21,Para7),Cendrarshadahugereputationasamanofaction,travelling,havingadventuresandexploringdifferentcountriesandyethereadalotheknewhowtousethelittletimeavailabletoread.Theword“waste”hereisinquotestoshowirony(readingisntawasteoftime)thathereadsthoroughlyandwidely.,wage,释义,vt.tostartandcontinueawarorfight发动，进行（战争或斗争）,例句,Theywagedapricewar.,他们打起了价格战。,翻译,Words,例句,Rebelshavewageda12-yearwaragainstthegovernment.,叛军已经进行了12年的反政府战争。,翻译,释义,vt.tomakesomeoneloseconfidenceorhope使失去信心；使泄气,Words,例句,Theshipscrewwerenowexhaustedandutterlydemoralized.,这艘船上的船员现在都已精疲力竭，彻底丧失了信心。,翻译,例句,Oneofourobjectivesistodemoralizetheenemytroopsinanywaywecan.,我们的目标之一就是要用一切可能的手段打击敌军的士气。,翻译,demoralize,释义1,n.C,Uastatementthatyoumaketoapriestinwhichyousaywhatbadthingsyouhavedoneandasktobeforgiven忏悔；告罪,Words,例句,SheisagoodCatholicandgoestoconfessionregularly.,她是个虔诚的天主教徒，按时作告罪。,翻译,例句,Shewasaffectedtotearsbyhisconfession.,他的悔过使她感动得流泪。,翻译,confession,释义2,n.C,Uastatementaboutyourselfthatyouwouldnotnormallymakebecauseyouareembarrassedaboutit承认,Words,例句,CaroloverheardMasonsconfessionthathewasdrinkingagain.,卡罗尔无意中听到梅森承认自己又开始喝酒了。,翻译,例句,Hisspeechwasseenasaconfessionofweakness.,他的发言被看作是承认了自己的弱点。,翻译,confession,释义,vt.toofficiallystopsomethingfrombeingdone,especiallybymakingitillegal（尤指以法令）禁止,例句,Thesaleofalcoholtoyoungpeopleisprohibitedbylaw.,法律明令禁止向年轻人售酒。,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Manysocietiesprohibitmarriagesbetweenbloodrelatives.,很多社会都禁止近亲结婚。,prohibit,释义,n.Ubehaviourthatpeoplethinkismorallywrong不道德的行为,例子,翻译,Words,例句,Inourculture,selfishnessandimmoralityhaveessentiallybecomesynonymous.,翻译,在我们的文化中，自私和不道德成了同义词。,Allthechurchmenhavepreachedagainstimmorality.,所有牧师都讲道反对不道德的行为。,immorality,释义1,n.Cafeelingofbeingveryinterestedinsomethingorwantingitverymuch欲望,例句,Thepublicsappetiteforcelebritygossipseemsinsatiable.,公众获取名人小道消息的欲望似乎永远难以满足。,翻译,Words,例句,Hespentalotofmoneyinsatisfyingtheappetiteforexcitement.,他花钱如水以追究刺激。,翻译,appetite,释义2,n.C,Uthenaturalfeelingofwantingtoeat食欲；胃口,例句,WatchingthesurgeryonTVmademelosemyappetite.,观看了电视上的手术，我食欲全无。,翻译,Words,appetite,例句,Allthatfreshairandexercisehasgivenmeanappetite.,所有这些新鲜空气和锻炼使我食欲大振。,翻译,Mostchildrenwithhealthyappetitesarereadytoeatalmostanythingthatisofferedthemandachildrarelydislikesfoodunlessitisbadlycooked.(Jun.1997,CET4,Cloze),真题,释义,n.Utheprocessofputtingpeopleorthingsintoparticulargroupsaccordingtothefeaturesthattheyhave分类；分级,例句,Theclassificationofwinesisoftendoneaccordingtotheirregion.,葡萄酒通常按产地进行分类。,翻译,Words,例句,Classificationofthingshasalwaysbeenimportantinscience.,翻译,把事物进行分类整理在科学上一直十分重要。,classification,释义,n.C,Uasuggestionthatsomeoneorsomethingisespeciallysuitableorusefulforaparticularsituation推荐,例句,Thebestwayoffindingalawyeristhroughpersonalrecommendation.,找律师的最好方式是通过熟人介绍。,翻译,Words,例句,Johnsformeremployerwrotehimarecommendation.,约翰的前雇主给他写了一封推荐信。,翻译,recommendation,释义,vi.tomakealotofefforttoachievesomething努力；奋斗；力求,例句,翻译,Words,Hestriveshardtokeephimselfveryfit.,他努力地保持身体健康。,例句,翻译,Thefilmstudioisstrivingtoimproveitspublicimage.,该电影制片厂正在努力改善其公众形象。,strive,释义,vt.tomakesomethingbetterormoreenjoyable充实；使丰富,例句,翻译,Words,Thegoalofthecourseistoenrichourunderstandingofothercultures.,这门课的目的是为了加强我们对其他文化的了解。,例句,翻译,Fruitjuicesareaddedtocheapportwinetoenrichitscolorandflavor.,在廉价的波尔图葡萄酒中加入果汁，使其颜色更浓、味道更美。,enrich,Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixedabilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.(Jan.1990,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,释义,vt.tohavetheunhappyfeelingofwantingtobelikesomeoneelseorhavewhattheyhave羡慕；嫉妒,例句,翻译,Words,IdontenvytheyoungoneswhovebecomeTVsuperstarsandknownootherworld.,我不羡慕那些成为超级电视明星，对其他却一无所知的年轻人。,例句,翻译,EveryoneintheneighborhoodenviedBobsnewcar.,所有的邻居都羡慕鲍勃的新车。,envy,释义,vi.towalkinorthroughwaterthatisnotverydeep涉水；趟水,例句,翻译,Words,Rescuershadtowadeacrossarivertoreachthevictim.,救援者必须趟过一条河才能靠近灾民。,wade,例句,翻译,Thebridgewaswashedawayandwehadtowadethestream.,桥被冲走了，我们不得不趟水过溪。,查看wadethrough,释义,例句,翻译,Words,不朝两边看看就过马路很莽撞。,Itisrashtocrossthestreetwithoutlookingbothways.,Hemadearashdecisionnowhessufferingforit.,例句,翻译,他做决定太仓促现在可吃到苦头了。,a.actingordonetooquickly,withoutconsideringtheeffectsofyouractions鲁莽的；轻率的,rash,释义,vi.toturnorspinaroundacentralpoint转动；旋转,Words,例句,翻译,人们曾经认为太阳围绕着地球旋转。,ItwasoncethoughtthatthesunrevolvesaroundtheEarth.,Thewheelsstoppedrevolvingsuddenly.,例句,翻译,车轮突然不转了。,revolve,Inatelephonesurveyofmorethan2,000adults,21%saidtheybelievedthesunrevolved(旋转)aroundtheearth.(Jan.2000,CET4,Cloze),真题,释义,vt.(fml)todecidenottodoorhavesomething放弃；抛弃,Youmaywellhavetoforegowealthandpowerifyouwanttohavehappinessandfreedom.,如果你想拥有快乐与自由，你就得放弃财富与权力。,Phrases,例句,翻译,Councilmemberswereaskedtoforgotheirpayraises.,理事会的成员被要求放弃加薪。,例句,翻译,forego,释义,例句,翻译,斯特拉豁然开朗。,Phrases,Stellahadamomentofenlightenment.,例句,翻译,税务法非常复杂，只有专家才能解释清楚。,Thetaxlawsaresocomplicatedthatonlyanexpertcanprovideenlightenment.,enlightenment,释义,n.Utheabilitytomakegood,quickdecisionsandjudgments敏锐；聪明；机智,Phrases,例句,翻译,Hisbusinessacumenbroughthimrichesinashorttime.,他的生意眼光很快便为他带来了财富。,acumen,例句,翻译,Althoughsheneveracceptprofessionaltraining,herinbornacumenmadeherthebestactress.,即使她从未接受专业训练，她与生俱来的敏锐聪颖仍使她成为最好的演员。,释义,n.Uthequalityofbeingnew,interesting,anddifferentfromanythingthatanyonehascreatedbefore独创性；新颖；别致,Phrases,例句,翻译,Shewasawriterofastonishingimaginationandoriginality.,她是个具有惊人想象力和独创性的作家。,例句,翻译,HesgotnooriginalityhesjustaMozartclone.,他没有啥独创性，只不过是莫扎特的翻版。,originality,释义,a.involvingrepeatingthesameactionoverlongperiodsoftime（长时间）重复的；单调的,Phrases,例句,翻译,Alotoftheworkwehavetodoisrepetitive.,我们所做的许多工作都是重复劳动。,例句,翻译,Suddenlymusicthatseemeddullandrepetitivecomesalive.,突然间，似乎索然无味且反反复复的音乐生动了起来。,repetitive,释义,n.C(fml)aparticularareaofknowledge,experience,interestetc领域；范围,Phrases,例句,翻译,Studentsinterestsaremostlylimitedtotheacademicrealm.,学生们的兴趣大多限于学术领域。,例句,翻译,Hemadeoutstandingcontributionsintherealmofacting.,他为表演领域作出了卓越贡献。,realm,Whilemuchisknownaboutwhatoccursduringsleep,theprecisefunctionofsleepanditsdifferentstagesremainslargelyintherealmofassumption.(Jan.2003,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,释义,a.(fml)thebestofaparticularkind无比的；无双的,Phrases,例句,翻译,Thecountrysunparalleledprosperityisbasedonwiseinvestments.,该国空前的繁荣是建立在明智的投资基础之上的。,例句,翻译,Thepyramidsaremarvelsofconstructionthatareunparalleledthroughouttheworld.,金字塔是世界上无与伦比的建筑奇迹。,unparalleled,释义,例句,翻译,大部分人都是慷慨善良的。,Peoplearekindandgenerous,forthemostpart.,Phrases,例句,翻译,Thetrainee,forthemostpart,arefromtheproductionline.,接受培训的基本上是一线员工。,forthemostpart,释义,例句,翻译,他们把我当作自己的兄弟。,Theylookonmeastheirownbrother.,Phrases,例句,翻译,Welookuponhimasanauthority.,我们把他视为权威。,lookupon/o