老人身体健康的注意事项

和平积极的心态：老人身体健康的源泉PhysicalHealthThroughMentalHealthfortheElderly,中国内地十大老年慢性病Top10ChronicDiseasesinChineseElderly(Mainland),10种与心理-行为因素有密切关系的慢性病ChronicDiseaseswithpsychological-behavioralstatus(PBS)asetiologicalorexacerbatingfactor,心理健康和身体健康MentalHealthandPhysicalHealth,Asoundmindinasoundbody(健全的精神寓于健全的身体)Morepeoplearesickbecausetheyareunhappythanunhappybecausetheyaresick.(比起那些因患病而心情不舒畅的人来说,有更多人是因心情不舒畅而患病),心理因素的病理生理效应Pathophysiologicaleffectsofpsychologicalstatus,Onarteriosclerosis(对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响)Suddenandtransientstressfuleventsinvolvewiththedysfunctionofendotheliumandtheadhesionoftheplatelets短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关Phobiamightbeassociatedwiththedevelopmentofacutemyocardialinfarct.恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关Depressionwillenhancethepainfulanddistressfeelingofthepatientswithchronicdiseases抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉,心理因素与免疫功能ImmunityFunctionandPsychologicalstatus,情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感染性疾病，如感冒Depressioninhibitsimmunologicalsystem.Apersonwithdepressionmightbesusceptibletosomeinfections,moncold.(Berkowetal.1999)情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，促进癌症等的康复。Abettermoodimprovesthefunctionofimmunologicalsystem,e.g.inanticancer(Levyetal.1998),生活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，（应激能降低免疫系统功能）Alifestylewithlessemotionaltensionandagitationishelpfulforenhancingimmunologicalmechanism心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过生量信息相互影响，通过“心理神经免疫学”的研究，将能更多揭示心理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。Anewbranchofsciencepsychoneuroimmunology.PNI.willrevealtheinteractionandeffectsbetweenpsychologicalstatusandimmunologicalresponsesthroughneurohoumonalmechanism.,慢性病者常有的负性心理和情绪Negativepsychologicalprofilescommonlyseeninpatientswithchronicdiseases,以心理健康促进身体健康,帮助和鼓励慢性病者不仅注意增进身体上的健康，也要注意增进心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康促进身体上的健康。PeoplewithChronicDiseasesshouldmaketheirbesttoimprovementalhealthaswellasphysicalhealth.Everybodyshouldtrytofacilitatephysicalhealthwithmentalhealth.,改善心理状态促进心理健康的六大措施Tenstepstowardsmentalhealth,1.松弛疗法Relaxationtherapy2.应激控制Managementofstress3.心理辅导Psychologycounseling4.行为及性格改变Modificationofpersonality5.社会支持Socialsupport6.药物治疗Medication,松弛疗法RelaxationTherapy,1.运动松弛法exercise(TaiChi,walking,swimming)2.按摩松弛法massage(self-massage,sedative,therapeuticmassage)3.气功松弛法ChiKung,Transcendentalmeditation4.音乐松弛法MusicTherapy(sedative,anxiolytic,relaxing)5.温浴松弛法Hydrotherapy(warmspa),6.文娱松弛法recreation(dancing,hiking,relaxingsports)7.书画松弛法calligraphyandpainting8.作业松弛法occupationaltherapy(artsandcrafts)9.度假松弛法Resortvacation10.饮食松弛法Herbalfoodtherapy(sedative),应激控制StressControl,1.“Escape”fromthestressor离开应激原(人、地、事)(stressfulevent,dailyhassel,unpleasantenvironment)2.Speakitout,说出烦恼、不满、焦虑(tomakeadequateemotionalexpression)3.Relaxationtechnique,e.g.RelaxedKungFu(RKF)(ChiKung)练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法RKF=Relaxedpositioning+relaxedbreathing+relaxedmind(静身+静息+静心)4.Seekforassistancetodiscussandsolvetheproblem寻求援助减压（向亲友、同事、有关机构）,心理辅导PsychologicalCounseling,1.Explainingthedisease/injury,implication,prognosis.2.Answeringthequestionsraisedbytheclients.3.Givingadviceonmodifyinglifestyle.4.Givingadviceonbehavioraladjustment.,性格及行为改变ModificationofPersonalityandBehavior,以弛代张Doberelaxedinsteadofbeingtensedup以静代躁Dobecalminsteadofbeingnervous以缓代急Dobeateaseinsteadofbeinginahurry以稳代乱Dobesteadyinsteadofbeingdisorderly以适代全Dobesatisfiedwithadequateperformanceinsteadofpursuingcompleteness,社会支持SocialSupport,来自家庭、朋友、同事和社会的心理支持（关心、劝导、鼓励），对缓解轻至中度抑郁状态，有良好的效果。社会支持对改变不良生活方式，从而改善心理状态，减轻疾病危险，有重要意义。Socialsupportfromfamily,colleagues,friendshaspositiveeffectsonreducingmilddepressionandquittingbadlifestylehabits.,药物调整心态Medication,用于已有明显抑郁症、焦虑