跨文化交际-文化碰撞PPT学习课件

InterculturalCommunication,CulturesinContrast:CaseStudies,1,InterculturalCommunication,CulturesinContrast:CaseStudies,LectureOneCommunicationacrossCulturesLectureTwoInterculturalPerceptionLectureThreeInterculturalUnderstandingLectureFourInterculturalAdaptation,2,LectureThreeInterculturalUnderstanding,3,Lead-in,Whyisitnecessarytorespectvariouscultures?Whatcontributetobettercultureunderstanding?Whatfactorsimpedecommunication?,4,Likelearningalanguage,developingCULTURALUNDERSTANDINGoccursstepbystepovertime.Developmentofculturalconsciousnessisaprocessthatstartsatthestageofnounderstandingandmoves,inthebestcase,tothestageoftrueempathyandculturalrespect.,5,IWarming-upActivities,ItisastoryaboutaChinesemother,Mrs.ZhangandherAmericandaughter-in-law,Susan.Attheairport,Susanandherhusband,Mrs.Zhangsson,wouldflybacktoNewYorkandshewastalkingtohermother-in-law.SinceMrs.ZhangdoesntknowanyEnglishSusancanspeaklittleChinese,Susanshusbandhadtoactastheinterpreter.NowplaythehusbandandtrytotranslatefortheChinesemotherandherAmericandaughter-in-law.,6,Susan:Mrs.Zhang,cometoNewYorkifyouwant.Husband:.(1)Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。Husband:.(2)Susan:Yes,ohthanksforyourdeliciousfood,Ilikethemverymuch.Husband:.(3)Mother:自家人谢什么。苏珊，你以后可不要再减肥了，身体健康才最重要哪！Husband:.(4)Susan:Thankyou!Thesametoyou.Husband:.(5)Mother:啊，谢谢，谢谢！,7,Questions,Howwouldyoutranslateforthemotherandthedaughter-in-law?2.Whatdoyouthinkofthehusbandsactualtranslationgivenbelow?Isitverydifferentfromyourtranslation?Ifitis,whatarethedifferences?Andwhyaretheydifferent?(1)妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看。(2)Oh,itdependsonthephysicalcondition.(3)谢谢妈妈给我们做了那么多的好吃的。(4)Itsmypleasure.Susan,Ihopeyoubecomeevenmorebeautiful.(5)谢谢妈妈，我祝您身体健康。,8,IICaseStudy,Case1:TheprivacyofPhotographs,RoseinvitedLilitoherhomeoneday.Whiletheywerehavingcoffee,RoseshowedLiliafewpicturesofherboyfriendinaphotoalbum.Lilicasuallyturnedtootherpagesafterthat.Rosestoppedher,“Idratheryounotlookatotherpictures.”Liliwasembarrassed,andapologized,“Imsorry.”,9,IICaseStudy,Case1:TheprivacyofPhotographs,-Chineseperspective,LookingatpicturesandsharingmemoriesisoftendoneamongfriendsinChina.Picturesareusuallynotconsideredtobeveryprivate.Onceshownapictureinanalbum,mostpeoplewouldassumethattherestofthealbumisthereforthemtogothrough.LilimusthavethoughtthatRosewasreadytoletherlookattheotherpicturesinthiscase.,10,IICaseStudy,-Westernersperspective,Case1:TheprivacyofPhotographs,Apicturealbumisprivateandnotsomethingthatoneshouldassumeisopentoperusal(熟读).However,alotdependsonhowthealbumwaspresentedwhetherRoseallowedLilitoleafthroughthealbumuntilshegottothepicturesRosewantedLilitosee,orifRoseopenedthealbumspecificallytothosepictures.Lilimighthaveavoidedthisembarrassingsituationbysimplyasking,“Ohthesearelovely.MayIlookattherest?”Rosewouldprobablyhaveagreed,andmighthaveevenbeenpleasedwithLiliscomments.NorthAmericansaresometimesoverlysensitiveabouttheirprivacyandautomaticallyassumeaninnocentinterestissomehowanunwelcomeinvasionoftheirprivacy.Thatconcerncanoftenbedispelledwithanexpressionofrespectforprivacy;butifnotthenrememberthattheirreactionusuallyisntpersonal.,11,IICaseStudy,Case2:TheprivacyofPrice,AfterlivingintheStatesforsometime,PingLiobservedthatAmericansliketocommentoneachotherslooksandclothes.Sowhenshesawafellowgraduatestudentwearinganicedressataparty,shecomplimentedherbysaying,“Thisisaverybeautifuldress.”“Oh,thankyou.IboughtitlastyearbeforeChristmas,”thestudentwasverypleased.“Howmuchwasit?”PingLiasked.“Well,Idontquiteremember,”thestudentseemedunpreparedforthequestion,andansweredalittlehesitatingly.,12,IICaseStudy,Case2:TheprivacyofPrice,-Chineseperspective,ItisnotreallyaChinesecustomtocommentonhowwellsomeonelooksinhis/herclothes,asthismightembarrasstheperson.However,ithasbecomeincreasinglycommontodosoinrecentyears.Inaddition,amoreChinesewayofcommentingonclotheswouldbeaskingabouttheprice.Indoingso,thepersonusuallyhasnointentiontotryingtofinouttheotherpersonsfinancialstatus;he/sheismoreinterestedinfindingoutwhethertheclothesisabargainornot.AsChineseeconomybecomesmoreopentotradeandawiderrangeofconsumergoodsbecomesavailable,Chinesearedevelopingmuchmoreinterestinconsumerism.Thustheyhaveanaturalinterestinlearningaboutthepricesofdifferentthings.Asaresult,thepriceisoneothemostfrequenttopicsfordiscussionwhenpeopletalkaboutclothes.,13,IICaseStudy,-Westernersperspective,Case2:TheprivacyofPrice,“Nicepeopledontasksomeonehowmuchsomethingcost.Itsrude”isanotherrulethatNorthAmericansaretaughtfromthetimetheyareyoung.Asoddasitmayseem,askingthepriceofsomethingafriendorco-workershowsyouisconsideredtobeaninvasionofprivacy,andmarksthepersonaskingasbeingcoarse(粗鄙的),toointerestedinmoney.Andonemaybeconcernedthatiftheytellyou,youwillridiculethemforpayingtoomuch.Ingeneral,personalfinancesareveryprivate,andhowmuchonespendsisnormallyseenaspartofpersonalfinances.Itwouldbeequallyunacceptabletoasksomeonehowmuchtheyearnorhowmuchtheyhaveintheirbankaccountsorstockportfolio.,14,IICaseStudy,-Westernersperspective,Case2:TheprivacyofPrice,Ifsomeonehasmadeapurchaseataverygoodprice,theymaybeeagertosharetheirgoodfortuneorshoppingskillswiththeirfriendsbytellingthem.Normally,though,onedoesnotaskprice.Theonlyexceptionmightbeifyouareinterestedinbuyingthesameitemandyouaretryingtogetasenseofhowmuchyoumighthavetopay.Insuchacase,youbeginbysayingsomethinglike,“Forgivemeforaskingareallyrudequestion.ButIminterestedinbuyinganewstereosystem(orwhatever)too,andIhavenoideawhatsortofpricesIllbelookingat.WouldyouforgivemeifIaskhowmuchthissortofunitmightcost?”thereisanimportantshiftoffocusinaskingthequestionthisway:youarenotinterestedsomuchinhowmuchtheotherpersonpaid,buthowmuchyoumighthavetopayifyouboughtsomethingsimilar.,15,IIIGroupDiscussion,Inthefollowingtherearethreedialoguesinwhichemployersandemployeesfromdifferentculturalbackgroundsfailtounderstandeachproperly.Workwithyourgroupmemberstotrytoidentifytheproblemsinthemandfindsomepossiblesolutions.,16,Dialogue1ThisoccursbetweenaChineseemployee(C)andhisAmericanboss(A).AwantsCtodoextraworkonSaturday,butCdoesntwanttoworkonSaturdaybecauseitsgoingtobehissonsbirthday.A:ItlookslikeweregoingtohavetokeeptheproductionlinerunningonSaturday.C:Isee.A:CanyoucomeinonSaturday?C:Yes,Ithinkso.A:Thatllbeagreathelp.C:Yes,Saturdayisaspecialday,didyouknow?A:Whatdoyoumean?C:Itsmysonsbirthday.A:Hownice.Ihopeyouallenjoyitverymuch.C:Thankyou.Iappreciateyourunderstanding.,17,QuestionsWhatdoestheChineseemployeemeanbysaying“Isee”?Doesitmeanagreement,acceptanceorpromise?Tothedirectrequest“CanyoucomeinonSaturday”,whatshouldtheChineseemployeesaytoavoidfurthermisunderstanding?WhydoestheAmericanbossfailtounderstandwhattheChineseemployeeimpliesbysaying“Itsmysonsbirthday”?WhydoestheChinesefailtosay“no”?,18,Dialogue2ThisisadialoguebetweenaseniorAmericanemployee(A)andhisbosswhoisanAsianAmerican(B).A:Well,howamIdoing?B:(Sammakesalotofmistakes,butIdonotwanthimtofeeldiscouraged,soIwillnottellhim)Justfine.Youlearnveryquickly.A:(Whyishecomplimentingme?IdontthinkIamdoingaverygoodjob)Howaboutthispart?Isthisokay?B:(Itshardformetosaythis!Ifhethinkshemademistakes,whydoesnthesayso?)Oh,yeswell,umIthinkmaybeyouneedtoworkohalittlemoreslowlyohIamsorry,IdonotmeantocriticizeA:(Whyisheafraidtocriticizeme?)No,no,Iwanttoknowwhatneedsimprovement.Ididntdothispartcorrectly,didI?B:(Youdiditallwrong)Oh,Ididnotmeanthat.Really,yourworkisfine.(Whatdoeshewantmetosay?!),19,QuestionsWhydoesthebossrefusetotelltheemployeedirectlywhatheactuallyfeelsabouthiswork?Doyouthinkitisrightandnaturalfortheemployeetopressfordefiniteanswerstohisquestions?Ifyouwerethebossortheemployee,whatwouldyoudoinasimilarsituation?,20,Dialogue3ThisisaninteractionbetweenasupervisorfromtheUnitedStatesandasubordinatefromGreece.American:Howlongwillittakeyoutofinishthereport?(Interpretations)American:Iaskedhimtoparticipate.Greek:Hisbehaviormakesnosense.Heistheboss.Whydoesnthetellme?Greek:Idonotknow.Howlongshouldittake?American:Herefusestotakeresponsibility.Greek:Iaskedhimforanorder.American:Youareinthebestpositiontoanalyzetimerequirements.American:Ipresshimtotakeresponsibilityforhisownactions.Greek:Whatnonsense!Ibettergivehimananswer.Greek:10days.,21,American:Helackstheabilitytoestimatetime;thisestimateistotallyinadequate.American:Take15.Itisagreedyouwilldoitin15days?American:Iofferacontract.Greek:Theseareorders.15days.(Infactthereportneeded30daysofregularwork.SotheGreekworkeddayandnight,butattheendofthe15thday,hestillneededonemoredaysworktofinishthereport).American:Whereisthereport?American:Iammakingsurehefulfillshiscontract.Greek:Heisaskingforthereport.Greek:Itwillbereadytomorrow.American:Butweagreedthatitwouldbereadytoday.American:Imustteachhimtofulfillacontract.Greek:Thestupid,incompetentboss!Notonlydidhegivemewrongorders,buthedoesnotappreciatethatIdida30-dayjobin16days.(Intheend,theGreekhandsinhisresignation.),22,QuestionsWhyaretheinterpretationssodifferentfromeachother?ThemisunderstandingobviouslycomesfromthefactthattheAmericansupervisorwantstheemployeetoparticipateindecisions,whiletheGreeksubordinateexpectstobetoldwhattodo.Whatcanwedoaboutit?Howtoresolvesuchproblemsincommunicationsinwhichparticipantsholddifferentculturalexpectations?,23,IVPerformance,Analyzethegivensituationandperformitbyaddingareasonableandacceptableending.,NotSoClose,PleaseJiaHehadlivedintheUnitedStatesfor7yearsbeforeshecamebacktoworkinChina.ShefoundthatshehadbecomeaccustomedtosocialhabitsinNorthAmericaandthatsomeChinesebehaviorsnowcausedhersomediscomfort.Forexample,oneday,backinChina,shewasinaqueuetouseanATM.Shehadnoticedthatpeoplewerestandingveryclosetoeachother.Infact,thepersonbehindhercould,ifheorshewanted,toseeherenterthePINofherATMcard.JiaHewantedtomakepeopleawareofthediscomfortoftheuserbykeepingherdistancefromthepersoninfrontofher.However,thepeoplebehindherpushedhertomoveforward.,24,VExercises练习,Answerthefollowingquestions:Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheculturesin