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英语基础语法复习巩固,1,一、词性的分类,2,一、词性的分类,词类又叫词性(partofspeech),英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。,1名词nounn.2代词pronounpron.3形容词adjectiveadj.4副词adverbadv.5动词verbv.6数词numeralnum.7冠词articleart.8介词prepositionprep.9连词conjunctionconj.10感叹词interjectioninterj.,3,其他词性缩写c=可数名词,countablenoun的缩写u=不可数名词,uncountablenoun的缩写pl=复数,plural的缩写vi=不及物动词,intransitiveverb的缩写vt=及物动词,transitiveverb的缩写,4,you你happy高兴的three三quickly迅速地student学生cut砍、割a一个at在.and和oh哦,erj.(感叹词),Ex.Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords:,5,十大词类名词-表示人或事物的名称形容词-表示人或事物的特征副词-修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词动词-表示动作或状态代词-代替名词、数词数词-表示数量或顺序冠词-限制名词的意义介词-表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词-连接词与词或句与句,6,二、英语句子成分,7,(一)主语:一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是:“什么人”或“什么事物”,1.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.,主语的位置是?,1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。,8,Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?Hasshegotabigflat?Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?,2.疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主语常省略,9,Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!,倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,Therebe结构中主语在be动词之后,10,(名词),(代词),(数词),(动名词),(从句),1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.,(不定式),(名词化的形容词),(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式),11,1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.,单句改错(只有一处错误)。,12,(二)谓语:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、复合谓语:(1)情态动词+动词原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing.(2)系动词+表语。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.,13,6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?,单句改错(只有一处错误)。,14,(三)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihavethree.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.,(名词),(代词),(数词),(名词化形容词),(不定式短语),(动名词短语),(从句),15,(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswerwrong.,16,(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.ThatsallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisntin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.,17,系动词:描述稳定状态:be描述变化或结果:get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果:look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态:keep,stay,remain,18,(五)定语:起修饰作用,翻译成“的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.Theresonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.Thatsthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove.10.Thecarthatsparkedoutsideismine.,19,状语(副词)的位置:1.ShespeaksFrenchfluently.2.Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome.3.Youneedntalwayshelpme.4.Heisalwayscomplaining.5.Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors.6.Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people.7.Heneverstudies.Instead,heplaysallday.,谓语(+宾语)后,频度副词位于被修饰动词前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。,被修饰词前(enough特殊),修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首,(六)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,20,1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.,(时间状语),(原因状语),(条件状语),(地点状语),(方式状语),状语的种类:,21,6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.,(伴随状语),(目的状语),(结果状语),(让步状语),(比较状语),22,(七)补足语:宾语补足语:补充说明宾语,使句意完整。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Pleaselethimin.4.Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest.5.Iseeherenteringasupermarket.6.Hejusthadhishaircut.,23,划分句子成份,1.Themachinerunssmoothly.2.Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever.3.Theyhavesetupanetworkoffinancialadvicecentre.4.Mr.Chen,thedirectorofGrade3,isknownforhishumor.5.Themanwenttotheshopwithallthemoneyhehad.,24,6.Helefthereatsixinthemorninginordertocatchtheplane.7.OurEnglishteacher,MsWang,isverykindtous.8.Tooursurprise,hehaschangedgreatly.9.Itisnotagoodideatodriveforfourhourswithoutabreak.10.Shewasthesecondtoenterthereadingroom.,25,11.Hishairhasturnedgray,andlineshaveappearedonhisface.12.Sheislookingintothebox.13.Mr.Wutoldusafunnystoryyesterday.14.Heboughtmeapen.15.Wemadehimourmonitor.16.Heaskedmetohelphimoutofthedebt.,26,三、句子类型,按结构分1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句,27,简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。,AllroadsleadtoRome.1、一个主语和一个谓语动词Theteacherandthechildrenareplaying.2、并列主语和一个谓语动词Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.3、一个主语和并列谓语TomandMarycameandgavemeapresent.4、并列主语和并列谓语,28,I.简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词:Wework.2、主语+系动词+表语:Heisastudent.3、主语+及物动词+宾语:4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补),29,判断下列简单句的类型(1)Theproblemishardtosolve.(2)Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)Ishowedhimmyoldpictures.(4)Barkingdogsseldombite.(5)WeenjoyourselvesthisNewYearsDaythisyear.(6)Helensfaceturnedred.(7)Headmitshismistakes.(8)Mothercookedmeadeliciousmeal.(9)Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.(10)Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.,30,Ex.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonF
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