名词性从句PPT课件.pptx

,名词性从句,Nounclauses,1,我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。,MydreamisthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。,ThatIcanenterakeyuniversityismydream.,IhaveadreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学,我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。,IalwaysdreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,2,定义:,在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。,作用:,在复合句中作宾语、表语、主语和同位语。,因此，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。,3,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idontthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(主从),4,一、宾语从句,1.作动词的宾语,1)引导词that可省略,Ihear(that)hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.,2)由what,whether(if)引导,Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.,3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句,Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.,5,2.作介词的宾语,Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.,3.It作为形式宾语,Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.,1)动词如make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾补时，可用结构make/find等+it+宾补（adj/n)+宾语从句。,Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboi-ledwatereveryday.,6,2)有些表示好恶的动词及动词短语后，如enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate,canthelp,seeto,dependon,即这些动词及动词短语后面的宾语从句前要加it.Ihateitwhentheyspeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Iwouldappreciateitifyouhelpedme.,Seetoitthatchildrendontcatchcold,7,宾语从句的引导词,1)连词:that,if,whether,2)连接代词:who,whose,what,which,3)连接副词:when,where,how,why,Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.,Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.,8,Idontknowifhewillattendtheparty.Idontknowwhoknockedatthedoor.Doyouknowwhosecaritis?Canyoutellmewhattheyaredoing?Idontknowwhichschoolshestudiesin?,9,Pleasetellmewhenthetrainarrives.Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?LetmetellyouhowmuchIspentonthecar.Peterknewwhyhisfatherwassoangry.,10,主句的谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定词not,一般要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定.,1.否定的转移,Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.,宾语从句的注意事项：,11,2.that不能省略的情况,1）that引导动词后的宾语从句时,可省略。但如果宾语从句是并列句时，引导第二个分句的that不可省略。Hesaid(that)hewaslateforschoolagainandthattheteacherwouldpunishhim.,2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.,12,3.宾语从句的时态,1)主句用过去时,且从句中有具体的时间状语则用过去式(如从句表示客观真理,可用现在时),Hesaidhewasbornin1980.YesterdayTomsaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.,2)主句为现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态,IthinkthattheGreenshaveleftforHawaii.Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillgosurfingthisafternoon.,13,3)以下动词后加宾语从句，从句需用should+do,should可以省的虚拟语气。一个坚持insist,两个命令order,command三个建议suggest,propose,advise四个要求demand,require,request,desire,Itwassuggestedthatmoreteachersshouldbesenttheretohelpthem.Tominsistedthathisleadershipberecognizedbyalltheboys.,14,练习:用whose,whom,what,how,that填空.,1.Ithink_hewillbeallrightinafewdays.2.Doyouknow_theyarewaitingfor?3.Heasked_dictionaryitwas.4.Pleasepayattentionto_theteachersaid.5.Canyoutellme_Icangettotherailwaystation?,that,whom,whose,what,how,15,二、表语从句,表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”,1、由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用，且that不可以省略。,Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.,2、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。,Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.ItisbecauseIhaveeverheardofthestory.,16,3.what,which,who,whom,whose等连接代词及when,where,how,why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.,Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.Thequestionishowhedidit.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.,4.asif常与look,seem,sound等连系动词连用.,Shelooksasifshewouldcry.,5.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。,Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.,17,经典试题,1.Wecannotfigureout_quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when2.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where3.Parentsaretaughttounderstand_importanteducationistotheirchildrensfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so4.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how,C,A,B,B,18,5.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_Ivebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how6.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Icantunderstand_theyinsistongoingbymotorbike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how7.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited8.PeoplehaveheardwhatthePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtosee_hewilldo.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what,C,A,A,D,19,9.-Ithinkitsgoingtobeabigproblem.-Yes,itcouldbe.-Iwonder_wecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that10.Perseveranceisakindofquality-andthats_ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why11.Ireallydontknow_Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthatB.itwasthatC.whereitwasD.itwaswhy,C,A,A,20,12.Nevertake_forgrantedthatIwillhelpyou.Betterdependonyourself.A.thatB.itC.whichD.this13.Itlooks_heisunhappytoday.A.thatB.ifC.asifD.whether14.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever15.Theoldwomanwasshockedby_hadhappenedtoherdaughter.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.what,B,C,A,D,21,三、主语从句,主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前,如Whowillwinthegameisunknown.,1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型,1)It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句,Itsapitythatwecantgo.Itsnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.,或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,22,2)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句,Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.,3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句,ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.,23,4)It+不及物动词(seem,happen等)+that从句,ItseemedthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.,2.主语从句的主谓一致,主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数.what引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.,Whenandwherewellgoisntdecided.Whatweneedarebooks/iswater.,24,3.What与that的用法区别,what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,而that则不作句子成分.,Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisgoodnews.,4.Whether和if的用法区别,1)通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用whether不用if,Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Theproblemiswhethershewillhaveenoughtime.,25,2)正式文体中，与ornot连用时，用whether.Iwonderwhetheritisbigenoughornot.注意，在口语中“ifornot”可接受，但连写的“ifornot”总是错误的。3)做介词的宾语时用whether.IhaventsettledthequestionofwhetherIllgobackhome.4)与不定式连用只能用whether.Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.,26,经典试题,1.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how2.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesntmatter_Imtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom3._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversity.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That.;because,B,B,B,27,4.Itisprettywellunderstood_controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.howD.what5._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what6.-WhatdoyouthinkofChina?-_differentlifeistodayfrom_itusedtobe.How,whatB.What,whatC.How,thatD.What,that7._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether8._Iwasfreethatevening.IthappenedtoB.IthappenedthatC.ThathappenedD.Itwashappenedthat,D,A,A,C,B,28,9.Itwastrue_Alicedidsurprisehermother.A.thatB.whatC.that,whatD.what,that10.Itsnotyetclear_ofthosewillbechosentodothejob.A.thatB.whomC.whichD.whose11._inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseministerwillarrivenextMonday.A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.IthassaidD.Heissaid12._wehaveseenisquitedifferentfrom_wehaveheard.A.That,thatB.What,thatC.That,whatD.What,what13._Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater.A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhateverC.WhateverD.That14._wasawell-knownfact.A.ThattheirteamwasweakB.Thattheirteambeingweak.C.TheirteamwasweakD.Iftheirteamwasweak,C,C,B,D,C,A,29,用主语从句完成句子.,1._(她赢了这场比赛)madeusveryhappy.2._(所需要的)iscarefulpreparation.3._(她是否来)doesntmattertoomuch.4.Thathewillsucceediscertain.(用it句型改写)_5.Whyhedidthisisnotknown.(用it句型改写)_,Thatshewonthegame,Whatisneeded,Whethersheiscomingornot,Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.,Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.,30,四、同位语从句,同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。,1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,belief,hope,message,doubt,truth,information,theory,plan等,关联词多用从属连词that.,WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.,31,2.同位语从句意义完整,应用that;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用whether；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when，where，how等词。,Ihavenoideawhetherhellcomeornot.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.,3.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）,Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.,32,1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别,句法功能上,意义上,that引导的同位语从句,that引导的定语从句,只起连接从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,不可省略,替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当句子成分.若在从句中作宾语可省略.,从句是对名词内容的解释说明,从句起修饰限定作用,是定语,名词性从句中易错易混现象,33,ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue.,同位语从句,that不可省略,定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省略,34,填上适当的连接词,1.Ihavenoidea_hewillbeback.2.Weheardthenews_ourteamhadwon.3.Therearosethequestion_wecouldgettheloan4.Thesuggestion_theplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.5.Haveyouheardthenews_Marywillbebacksoon?,when,that,where,that,that,35,2名词性从句用陈述句语序。Whenwewillleavehereisuncertain.3who,whom,which,what等与whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever的区别Whowilltakethepositionisunderdiscussion.(who意为“谁”带有疑问色彩)Whoevertakesthepositionshouldberesponsibleforourcompany.(whoever意为“任何人”相当于anyonewho.Hewantswhatever(anythingthat）Ihave.,36,4because,why引导表语从句Thatwasbecausehedidntworkhard.ThatwaswhyIaskedthreedaysleave.不能说Thereasonisb