2017高考英语——介词复习

高频考点一介词词义辨析at,against,besides,by,beyond,for,in,on,over,with等都是常考的介词。高考不但要考查它们的基本意义,还会考查它们的引申义和在具体语境中的灵活运用。要求考生在日常学习中在掌握它们基本意义的基础上,通过大量实际例句去体会、熟悉它们的引申义并灵活运用。典例1(2014江西,33)ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelifehisgreatwealth.,答案despite解析句意:令人难以置信的是,尽管很富有,Lucas先生却过着简朴的生活。despite尽管。,高频考点二介词短语的固定搭配介词能与一些不同的词语搭配,形成介词短语:(1)介词+名词:onthecontrary,inturn,inonesopinion,ontime,outofreach等;(2)动词+介词:resultin,resultfrom,leadto,remindsb.of,callat,makefunof等;(3)形容词+介词:becuriousabout,beproudof,bepopularwith,begoodat等;(4)其他介词短语:inadditionto,apartfrom,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,insteadof,forfearof,incaseof,accordingto,inreturnfor,inexchangefor,asaresultof,inchargeof等。典例2(2015浙江,17)Thesecommentscameinresponsespecificques-tionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.答案to,解析句意:对于当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题,这些评论正好作出了回复。inresponseto作为对的回应。,高频考点三后面能跟宾语的动词词组该类动词词组往往相当于一个及物动词。该类词组常考的有:addupto,addto,breakin/into,bringup,calloff,carryout,findout,giveaway,pointout,putoff,putout,putup,pickup,takeoff,takein,takeon,turnup,workout,getawayfrom,getdownto,liveupto,lookforwardto,runoutof,putupwith,comeupwith,holdonto,makeroomfor,takeadvantageof,takenoticeof,takecareof等。典例3(2015天津,10)Tomhadtoturntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.答案down解析句意:因为太忙了,上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请。turndown(=refuse)拒绝。,高频考点四后面不能跟宾语的动词词组该类动词词组往往相当于一个不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。常见的有“动词+副词”搭配构成的动词词组,这类副词有:away,along,back,down,in,off,on,out,up等;“动词+名词”构成的动词词组:makesense,losecourage,loseheart,takeaction,takemeasures,takeplace,takecharge等。典例4(2014安徽,29)Whenthesportsheroturnedatourparty,hewaswelcomedwithopenarms.答案up解析句意:当这位体育健将出现在我们的聚会上时,他受到了大家的热烈欢迎。turnup到场,出现。,知识清单一介词一、方位介词1.图解方位介词,如:Becareful.Thereisaheavyboxoveryourhead.小心,你头上方有个很重的箱子。Thesunisabovemountainintheeast.太阳就在东方,那座山的上方。Therearesomestampsonthedesk.桌子上有一些邮票。Thepositionhepointedtowasbelowsealevel.他所指的那个位置低于海平面。Thelittlemouseisunderthetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此很不容易找到它。,Theburglargotinthroughthewindow.盗贼是从窗户进来的。ThecrowdofpeoplewalkedpasttheCityHalltotheCenterSquare.这群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。Itsquitebeyondmewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.我难以想象为什么能允许这样的事情发生。2.at,in,on三个词均可和表示地点的词连用,表示“在处”。at用于指较小的地方,如在门牌号码前;in用于指较大的地方;on一般指与面或线接触的地方。如:Wellmeeteachotheratthepark.我们将在公园见面。Mr.WhitelivedinHongKongfor20years.,怀特先生在香港生活了20年。Thereisabookonthedesk.桌子上有一本书。3.in,on,to在方位名词前的区别三个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内;to表示在某范围之外;on表示“毗邻,接壤”。如:ShandongProvinceis/liesintheeastofChina.(在某范围之内)山东省在/位于中国东部。JiangsuProvinceis/liestothesoutheastofHebeiProvince.(在某范围之外)江苏省在/位于河北省东南边。Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina.(接壤)蒙古在/位于中国北边。,4.among,between二词均表示“在中间”或“在之间”。among指在三者或三者以上之间,而between表示在两者之间。有时between之后也可能出现三个或三个以上的宾语,但这时所强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。如:Wellvisitthetownamongthemountains.我们将游览那个群山环绕的小镇。Thissecretisonlybetweenyouandme.这个秘密只限于你我知道。Nearthecemeterybetweenthetrees,thereissomethingthatshines.在墓地附近,树中间,有闪闪发亮的东西。,二词均表示来源或出处。from注重起点,意为“从”;outof侧重于从里向外,意为“从里出来”。如:Theshoutingofthesoldiersdrillingcouldbeheardfromtheplayground.人们可以听到从操场上传来的士兵们操练的声音。Shetookthepassportoutofherhandbagandshowedittothepoliceman.她从手提包里拿出了护照让那名警察看了看。Wearemovingoutofourflat.我们要搬出我们的这所公寓。ThetrainfromLondonarriveshereatnineoclock.从伦敦开来的列车9点到这里。,5.from,outof,二词均可表示“在上”,描写两个物体的接触情况。on侧重于表面接触,而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达中常用in或on。若打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in。而打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时,用on。表示植物本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等,用onthetree,但表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”,用inthetree,意指被枝叶遮掩其中。如:Wefoundasquareholeinthewall.我们发现墙上有个方洞。Theteacherpattedtheboyontheheadandcomfortedhim.老师轻轻拍着那名男孩子的头安慰他。Therearelotsofapplesonthetree.树上有很多苹果。,6.in,on,二、时间介词1.at,in,on(1)at的用法表示时间点、时刻等,如:at12:00,atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,atdawn,atday-break表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子,如:atChristmas(2)in的用法表示在某段较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等),如:inthe1980s,intheQingDynasty,inOctober,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,说明:当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,通常不用任何介词。表示在一段时间之后,如:Illbebackinanhour.我一小时后回来。(3)on的用法用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间,如:某日、某节日、星期几等,如:onOctoberthefirst,onarainyday,onNationalDay用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上,如:ontheeveofvictory(胜利前夕),onthemorningofJanuarythethird,ontheafternoonofhisarrival准时,按时:ontime,2.in,afterin表时间,常表示“在时间之内”,有时in还有“在时间之后”的意思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:所修饰的动词必须表将来;后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可,否则用after或later。after表时间,意为“在之后”。通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用;“af-ter+时间点”与将来时连用。如:Myfatherwillbebackinthreedays.我父亲将在3天以后回来。Myfatherwillbebackafter3oclock.我父亲将在3点后回来。Myfathercamebackafter3days/3dayslater.,我父亲3天后回来的。3.for,from,sincefor后接表时间段的名词词组,表示行为或状态持续了多久;from后接表时间点的名词词组,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短;since后接表时间点的名词词组,不仅表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻,因而常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。如:Mr.Brownenjoyedthecountrylifeandlivedthereforalmostfifteenyearsafterhisretirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,自从退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年了。Myyoungersisterbegantolearndancefromtheageoffive.,我妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。Tomhasbeendoinghishomeworksince7oclock.汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。三、工具、手段、方式介词1.by,in,on三个词都表示旅行的方式。(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。如:bysea,bywater,byland,byair等。(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词须用单数,其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如:bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship/boat,bytrain,byspaceship等。,(3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如:traveltoNewYorkinthisplane,leaveonanear-lytrain,gotoschoolonmybike等。说明:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如:onfoot,onhorseback/onahorse,onthecamel。2.with,by,in三个词均意为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。(1)with用于有形的工具或某些身体器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。如:Theyarediggingwithapick/spade.他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。,Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,并用腿走。(2)by,in,on,over,through等多用于无形的工具、方式或手段之前。如:byhand,inink,onthetelephone,overtheradio,throughthetelescope等。说明:使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示,如:inEnglish/Japanese;inblueink表达“用方法/方式”时,所用介词分别为:inthis/that/thesamewaybymeansofbythis/thatmeanswiththis/thatmethod四、表原因的介词短语becauseof,dueto,thanksto,知识清单二中学阶段的重点动词及动词词组归纳1.add(1)Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.把加到上面Fiveaddedtofiveis/makes10.(2)Theballoonsaddedtothefestivalatmosphere.增加(3)Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.加起来总共(4)Addupthenumbers,andyouwillget1155.把加起来2.agree(1)agreeon就达成共识(2)agreetodosth.同意做某事(3)agreetotheplan/decision/arrangement同意,(4)Idontagreewithyou/whatyousaid/youradvice.同意Theclimateheredoesntagreewithme.食物、天气等适合某人YourstoryagreeswithwhatIhavealreadyheard.和一致3.break(1)IamsorrythatIbrokemypromise.违背,违反breakonesword(=promise)/breakthelaw/breaktherule(2)Hishealthbroke.(身体或精神)垮了(3)Hebrokeawayfromallhisoldfriends.断绝来往,脱离Ishouldbreakawayfromsuchhabits.改掉(习惯)(4)Allourplansbrokedown.(计划、谈判等)失败Thepeacetalkshavebrokendown.,Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.(=becameverybad)被搞垮,垮掉Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstances.分解Thetelephonesystemhasbrokendown.(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉(5)Thethievesplannedtobreakintoabank.闯入,破门进入(6)TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.爆发(7)Aftermidnight,thepartybrokeup.散(会)(8)Ibrokeupthecandyandgaveeachchildasmallpiece.分开Thecrowdbrokeup.分开,分散(9)brokenEnglish蹩脚英语(10)Ourtroopshadlittledifficultyinbreakingthroughthelinesofthepolice.突破,4.bring(1)Hebroughtaboutaquarrelbetweenhisparents.引起,造成Shemadeeveryefforttobringaboutapeacefulsolutiontotheproblem.实现(2)Electricitylineswerebroughtdownbyfallingtreesorbranches.使倒下bringdownprices降低价格(3)Thesalebroughtinover$200.赚得(4)Dirtoftenbringsondisease.引起Thefineweatherisbringingthecropsonnicely.使成长更快,使提高(5)Canyoumakeasentencetobringoutthemeaningofthephrase?讲解清楚(6)JoewasborninTexasbutbroughtupinOklahoma.抚养Hewassoillthathebroughtupeverything.呕吐,(7)Thisbroughtmeintotouchwithvariouskindsofworkers.(和各种名词连用)使进入某种状态(8)Pleasebringforwardthematteratthenextmeeting.提出TheyhavebroughtthemeetingforwardtonextMonday.提前,提早5.call(1)Thetroublecallsforquickactionbythegovernment.要求Iwillcallforyouatfiveoclock.去接某人Wecalledforthepackagesatthepostoffice.来取某物(2)Iformedthehabitofcallinginonhim/callinginathisofficeintheafternoon.顺便拜访(3)Yourfatherisill.Youshouldcallinadoctoratonce.找来,请来,Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpaths.召集(4)Peopledontlikebeingcallednames.骂人(5)Theyvecalledoffthegamebecauseofthethickfog.取消(6)Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediatelyafterhim.请/叫(某人做某事)(7)Icalledonthepeopleofthiscountrytoworkhardfornationalunity.号召(8)Anoticedisplayedintheshopwindowcalledattentiontotherecentincreaseinprices.引起的注意(9)callsb.up;givesb.acall;makeacall(along-distancecall)打电话(10)callsth.up使想起,使回忆起,(1)HehadlearnedenoughGermantocarryonaconversation.进行Onepersonshouldcarryonwheretheotherhadleftoff.进行下去(2)Iwaschosentocarryoutourexperiment.进行Hedidnotcarryouthispromisetous.履行(3)Theworkistough,butsheisthepersontocarryitthrough(=tocompletesth.successfully).顺利完成,顺利实现e(1)Howcomethatyoudidntgethereintime?(用于引申意义)发生某情况(2)Hecametorealizethathewasmistaken.表示动作逐渐变化的过程(3)Mydreamhascometrue.变成现实(4)HetalkedabouthiscomingtriptotheUnitedStates.即将到来的,6.carry,(5)Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?发生(6)Icameacross(cameupon/ranacross)thisbookinanoldbookstoreonFourthAvenue.(无意中)碰到,发现Hecamesuddenlyacrossanidea.(无意中)想到(7)Hejustaskedmetocome(a)roundforsupper.到这儿来(8)Comealong/on!Arthur,wecantwaitallday!快点Comealong!Someonemustknowtheanswertomyquestion.快说(9)ThispapercomesouteveryFriday.出版Ithinktheroseswillcomeoutnextweek.开花,发芽Icameoutfirstintheexamination.考试结果,考第名(10)Thebillcomesto$5.总计,Whenitcomestomathematics,Iknownothingaboutit.谈到,涉及(11)Therobberydidnotcometolightuntilthenextday.被发现,被大家知道(12)Thequestionhasntcomeupyet.被提出Hecameupwithanidea.提出(13)cometooneself苏醒过来;cometoanend结束;comeintoeffect(force)生效;cometoaconclusion(decision)得出结论(作出决定);comeintobeing(existence)开始存在,建立,产生;comeintopower开始执政8.care(1)Idontcarewhattheysay.Ishallgoonjustthesame.在乎,在意(2)Ifyoucaretohearit,Iwilltellittoyou.愿意,(3)AlbertEinsteincaredlittleformoney.Hewasseenusingachequefor$l,500asabookmark.喜欢Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?(=Wouldyoulike.?)(礼貌用语)你喜欢/要吗?Themothercaredforthesickchilddayandnight.照顾,照料(4)Hecaredaboutmoney.喜欢Theprofessorsaidthathewasinterestedonlyinresearch;hedidntcareabouthisstudents.关心(5)Inthisway,wecouldgivethemtimelymedicalcare.医疗护理9.catch(1)catchfire(=tostartburning)着火,(2)catchonesbreath缓口气,歇口气(3)Thatcarcaughthiseye/attention.引起注意(4)Thepolicecaughthimstealingacar.(=todiscoversuddenlyandbysurprisees-peciallywhensomeoneisdoingsomethingbad)撞见,突然发现(5)ThatstylehasnevercaughtoninChina.(=becomepopular)流行(6)Hewascaughtintherain.(=bestuckin)被困扰Herskirtgotcaughtinthedoor.(=behookedin)被钩住(7)Isuddenlycaughtsightofhiminthecrowd.看见10.clear(1)ShemadeitclearthatshewouldsupportAustralia.清楚,明白,明确(2)Afterthestormtheskycleared.晴朗起来,(3)Thewaitresswillclearawaythesedishesinamoment.收走Howcanweclearawaythesedoubts?消除(4)Theweatherhasclearedup;wecangoout.晴朗起来Youllhavetoclearupthethingsonthetablebeforewehavetea.整理,收拾pare(1)Carproductionroseby25%,comparedto/withthefirst3monthsofthisyear.和相比Comparedto/withmanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate.(2)Comparethiswiththat,andyouwillseewhichisbetter.把和相比(3)Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.把比作,(1)Theycovered12milesyesterday.走完(一段路程)Howmanypageshaveyoucovered?看完(多少页书)Thecitycoveredtensquaremiles.有(多大面积)Theprofessorstalkcoveredthesubject.谈到,涉及Thebestreportersweresenttocoverthe27thOlympicGames.报道(2)Themountainwascoveredwithsnowalltheyearround.覆盖着13.cut(1)cutoff切断,切下来;cutout戒掉,不吃;cutin插嘴;cutup切碎;ashortcut捷径(2)Theywanttocutdownalargeforestinthisarea.砍掉Georgeistryingtocuthisweightdown.削减,减少,12.cover,(3)Thearmywascalledintocutthroughthefallentreesontheroad.开辟(出路或通道)14.dealIdratherdealwithamanthanawoman.Womenaresharp.和打交道Imusedtodealingwithmattersofthissort.处理Thisbookdealswithquestionsonpolitics.论述,谈论Whatshopdoyoudealwith?和做买卖15.die(1)Asaresult,manyWesternersdieatanearlyageofheartdisease.dieof死于(指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因)dieofillness/afever/hunger/sadness,diefrom死于(除疾病或情感以外的原因)diefromanaccident/thepollutedair/abadhabit(2)Ronnysstepshaddiedaway/down,andtherewasamomentofsilence.(指风、声、光)消逝Thewindhasdiedaway/downagain.平息(3)Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.灭绝,不复存在(4)Imdyingforsomethingtoeat.(=haveastrongdesireforsth.)极想,渴望16.do(1)IhavesomedifficultyinpronouncingsomeofthewordsinEnglish.No,youredoingfine.(工作、学习、生活、生长等)情况(好),Imhappyinmyworkinthegarden.Imdoingwell.WillitdoifweletyouhaveananswerbyFriday?行,够,合适,可以,凑合PleasedoupthesebooksandpostthemforMr.Smith.包,扎,系,捆(2)Letsdoupthisroomfirst.整理,收拾Maryhasdoneherselfupfortheparty.梳妆打扮(3)Theytriedtodoawaywithslavery.废除(4)dooneshair做头发;dotheroom打扫房间;dowrongtosb.使某人受委屈;dobusiness做生意,做买卖;doright做得好;dowrong做错事,做坏事(5)havesomething/nothing/anything/alottodowith与有些/没有/有什么/有很大关系,(1)Evenifnoneoftheseistrueforustoday,itisprobablethatonedaywewillendupwithadisability.以告终Weendedupthedinnerwithfruitandcoffee.以而结束(2)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,youllendupinhospital.最后(有某种结局),最后(成了)Thepoliticianfinallyendeduphisspeech.结束(3)Thematchendedinawinforus.以告终,结果(4)Itrainedforthreedaysonend.(=continuously)连续地(5)Wemustputanendtothisfoolishbehavior.结束,制止(6)Themeetingcametoanendatlast.结束,17.end,(1)Wecantaffordtofallbehindourcompetitorsinusingthenewtechnology.落后(2)Shehasfalleninlovewithhim/thedress.爱上,喜欢上(3)Wheredoestheplanfalldown?(=failortobeineffective)失败,不起作用(4)Thistopicfallsnaturallyintothreesections.(=bedividedinto)被分成(5)Iamquitehappytofallinwithyou/yoursuggestions.(=agreewithorto)赞同19.fix(1)fix(on)atimeforsth.约定时间干某事Letsfixatimefordiscussion.Theyvefixedthetimeanddatefortheparty.(2)fixoneseyeson/upon注视,18.fall,Hefixedhiseyesontheclock.(3)fixonesattentionon注意(4)fix做(饭),沏(茶),修理,整理fixsupper/fixtea/fixthebrokenmachine20.followYoushouldfollowtherulesofthelabwhenyouredoingexperiments.遵循,听从,依照行事Thechildfollowshermotheraboutalldaylong.跟随Followthisroaduntilyougettothechurch.沿着(走)MayfollowsApril.接着发生,跟着到来DoyoufollowwhatImsaying?听懂,理解,21.get(1)Theoperatorfinallygotmethrough.给接通电话Hehasgotthrough$1,000inlessthanayear.用完Johnhasgotthroughtheexamination.通过IllbewithyouassoonasIgetthroughthiswork.做完(2)Thestoryhasgotroundeverybodyknowsaboutit.消息传开(3)Myworkisgettingalongbetternow.进展,进行(4)Shedidntgetawayuntilninelastnight.走开,离开(5)Nowhewasdead,andIcouldnotgetawayfrommysadness.摆脱(6)Hegotdownandbegantopray.跪下,弯腰(7)Dontyouthinkitstimewegotdowntobusiness?开始认真做某事,(8)Atwhattimedoyougetoff(from)work?下(班)(9)Heusedtobeafraidofheightsbuthehasgotoverthatnow.克服,摆脱(某种情绪)22.give(1)Hegaveawaymostofhisfortunetothepoor.送给,分发Theysuspected(怀疑)thatthesecrethadbeengivenawaybyoneoftheirfriends.泄露(机密)(2)Ihopetheholidaywillgivehimbackhisgoodspirits.恢复健康(精神)(3)Hehasgivenintomyviews.向让步,投降(4)Thegasgaveoffanunpleasantsmell.散发出(5)Hegavehislifetothestudyofart.把生命献给,(6)Pleasegivemyregards/greetings/love/wishes/thankstoMissSmith.代向问好(表示喜欢、祝愿、谢意)(7)Theteachergaveouttheexaminationpapers.分发ItwasgivenoutthatthePrimeMinisterhaddiedsuddenly.宣布Thecowboygaveoutayell.发出(声音)Aftertwodaysourfoodgaveout,andwehadtoreturntothecamp.用完Theswimmergaveoutaftertenlaps.(人)体力不支(8)Billykeptaskinghismotherifhecouldgotothemoviesandshefinallygaveway.妥协,屈从(9)Ivegivenupsmoking.放弃,中止,(1)Butifyougoagainstnatureanddothingsatthewrongtimeofyear,youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood.违背(2)Howiseverythinggoing?Thingsaregoingverywell.进行,进展Theenginewentbeautifully.运转Howdoestheoldsayinggo?说Theblackhairwasgoinggrey.变得Thatistosay,thedoctorsbeengonefortwohoursandthirteenminutes.不在,走了(3)Goahead;werealllistening.开始(做某事)Workisgoingahead.进行,进展,23.go,MayIstart?Yes,goahead.表“同意”(4)Newsoftheplanecrashwentaroundlikewildlife.传开(5)Timewentbyquickly.过去,经过(6)Shareshavegonedownagainbytenpoints.(价格等)下跌,(温度等)下降(7)Shehadnotimetogodeeplyintothematterjustthen.调查,了解,研究(8)Whatisgoingonoutthere?发生,(活动)进行(9)WhynotbuysomeEnglishtapesandsomebookstogowiththem?相配,和交朋友(10)Whensmokerswhoareusedtonicotinegowithoutitforanhourortwo,theybegintofeelbad.不吃,不用,(11)Letmehaveagoatfixingit.试一试(12)Myfamilygoesbackto300yearsago,whilehisfamilygoesbacktothe15thcentury.追溯到Healwayslikestogobacktohisyoungerdays.回顾(13)Gooveryourworkbeforeyouhanditin.仔细检查,反复研究,仔细琢磨(14)Hedoesntgoinforteamgames.对某事有兴趣,爱好24.hand(1)Whenhewrites,healwayskeepsadictionaryathand.在手边,在跟前Theexaminationsareathand.就要到来了,不远了(2)Myshoesweremadebyhand.手工的(3)Couldyougivemeahandwiththisparcel?帮一下忙,(4)Thiscustomhasbeenhandeddownsincethe18thcentury.传下来,传给(5)Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson.发给,散发(6)Thethiefwashandedovertothepolice.移交(7)ontheonehand.ontheother(=ontheotherhand).一方面另一方面(8)handin上交25.hold(1)Sheheldback,notknowingwhattodoorsay.犹豫不决(2)Dontholdanythingback;youmusttellmeeverything.隐瞒,不公布Iftheyhadntheldhimback,hewouldhavebeatenyou.阻碍,阻止(3)ImademychoiceandIwillholdontotheend.坚持(下去),Youshouldholdontoyouroilshare.不送或不卖(某物)(4)Heaskedmetoholdonwhileheleftthetelephonetofindapencil.别挂(电话)(5)Couldheholdoutinspiteofthedifficulty?坚持(抵抗),顶住(压力)(6)Thepupilhelduphishandtoasktheteacheraquestion.举起Alotofcarswereheldupintheaccident.使耽搁,使停顿(7)holdoffice任职;holdonesposition担任某个职位(8)hold:keepsb./sth.inaparticularmannerorposition使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置PleaseholdyourselfstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.保持不动Heheldacigarettebetweenhislips.叼着(9)Theyheldtheirheadsupandwalkedintothehall.趾高气扬,26.keep(1)Willthismeatkeepfreshuntiltomorrow?保持(2)Hekeepsawayfromliquorandtobacco.不沾,避开,不接近(3)TheEnglishmanwillmovebackinordertokeepacertaindistanceaway.保持一定距离(4)Hemaybetellingthetruthbutheiskeepingsomethingback.隐瞒(不讲)Finally,hedidnotgivehertherightchange,butkeptbackfivepounds.扣留(5)Youhavetobehomeby11oclock.Keepthatinmind,Bob.记在心里(6)Keepoffthegrass.勿踩,勿踏Ihopetherainkeepsoff.(雨、雪)暂时停止(7)Hedidntstoprunning.Hejustkepton.继续(干),坚持(干),Keeponuntilyoureachthetrafficlights.继续前进(8)Theyhaveshutthedoorandmeanttokeepusout.不要进来(9)Youshouldkeepoutofthesethings.不牵涉进去(10)Ihopesuchfineweatherwillkeepup.继续(下去),持续(下去)Wevekeptupourfriendshipforovertwentyyears.保持Thegoodnewskeepsupourspirits.保持(11)Icantkeepupwithallthechanges.(与)齐步前进,并驾齐驱,跟上27.look(1)AsIlookbackuponthoseyears,IamstruckbyAnnieswisdom.回顾,回想(2)Ivebeenlookingintothismatterthisafternoon.调查(3)Twomenwerefighting.Therestwerelookingon.旁观,(4)Whenyoureeatingfish,lookoutforbones.当心,小心Wevebeenlookingoutforanewhouse,buttheonesweveseenarealltooex-pensive.留心找(5)Lookupthewordinthedictionary.查寻,查找Iwanttolookmyuncleupsometime.看望,拜访(6)Shelookedthroughhernotesbeforetheexamination.浏览28.make(1)makegooduseof/makefulluseof充分利用Weshouldmakegood/fulluseofwatertoproduceelectricity.(2)Hehadagiftforthinkingupwaysofmakingpoliticalpoints.提出政治观点(3)Bothhusbandandwifehadtoworktomakeendsmeet.使收支相抵,(4)Afteryearsasanunsuccessfulbusin