2011海文考研英语暑期大讲堂济南、杭州、大连、合肥、重庆版】

网络文档便捷服务、脚本、软件定制，提供各类文档批量下载、上传、处理、脚本和软件定制。另有百度积分财富值赠送，相关营销工具以及论文代查代检服务史上最快最全的网络文档批量下载、上传、处理，尽在：/考研十训引一训曰：汝不可因惰而随心所睡；二训曰：汝不可移志而半途而废；三训曰：汝不可随性而泡哥追妹；四训曰：汝不可因苦而哭天抹泪；五训曰：汝不可因闷而夜夜买醉；六训曰：汝不可求闲而叫嚣疲惫；七训曰：汝不可进步而自我陶醉；八训曰：汝不可没座而迟到早退；九训曰：汝不可因惧而错过机会；十训曰：汝不可考上便吹嘘不累！The fire is the test of gold, adversity of strong man.2011海文考研英语暑期大讲堂主讲：付博翻 译一翻译标准及评分原则1 翻译标准：文质说：“弃文存质”vs “辞旨文雅”【东汉三支】信达雅：“信、达而外，求其尔雅”【清朝严复】信顺说：“以信为主，以顺为辅”【现代鲁迅】创作论：“好的翻译等于创作”【现代郭沫若】美学论：“翻译是一种艺术”【现代林语堂】艺术论：“言、意不可分”【现代朱光潜】意境论：“艺术创作性翻译”【现代矛盾】神似说：“重神似而不重形似”【现代傅雷】化境说：“引诱、避讹、求化”【现当代钱钟书】“既须求真，又须喻俗”【唐代玄奘】What is done by night appears by day.Mans youth is a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone from him forever.2 评分原则：分段计分如何评分 Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and the digital age will have arrived.儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，到那个时候数字化时代就带到了。The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.在进化中自然选择所起的作用仅在一百多年前才得到阐述，而环境在形成和保持个体行为过程中所起到的选择作用则刚刚开始得到承认和研究（为人们所认可和研究）。总结：分段释义、合理调整、言辞贯通、书写工整1词义“明确化”2结构“清晰化”3语序“通顺化”4书写“工整化”二英汉差异及考试热点英语：印欧 结构抽象 紧凑 形合 汉语：汉藏 结构具体 松散 意合1 替换重复【汉】此物生南国。【英】It grows in the south.【汉】很多人从未出过国门。【英】Many people never go abroad.【汉】美国是当今唯一的超级大国。【英】The USA is the only superpowers at present.【汉】葡萄牙是一个比西班牙小的国家。【英】Portugal is a smaller country than Spain.【汉】国将不国，何以为家。【英】When our fatherland is in great danger, there is no use to talk about sweet home.【练习】The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, it had learned to solo on the vehicle.【练习】We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.【练习】Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. 2003, Translation【练习】So it is a bit confusing when Vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?【练习】There will be television shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.2 抽象具体【英】Nature is the true law.【汉】天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。【英】This novel was the beginning of his fame.【汉】这部小说是他的成名之作。【英】The most notable is the further willingness of people to speak their minds.【汉】人们更愿意畅所欲言，这是最值得注意的【英】Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.【汉】我发泄一阵之后，既没感到难过，也没感到遗憾。【英】Most regions in China are mysterious and attractive, with Tibet in the lead.【汉】中国很多地区神秘莫测，引人入胜，其中西藏位居榜首。【练习】Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers.【练习】There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.3. 被动主动Mary was kissed by John.If playing truant can be viewed as normal behavior, being punctual may be treated as students virtue.【练习】What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?【练习】The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.The Apollo XII crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.【练习】The area has been marked out for building more hotels.【练习】My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.New sources of power must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to .【练习】It should be realized that It may be said without fear of exaggeration that .【练习】And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with scientists processes, and they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.并且，许多人认为，普通人的思维活动无法和科学家的思维活动相比，并且这些思维活动必须通过某种专门的训练才能掌握。4. 糅合分解【英】Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus.【汉】英国人排队等车井然有序，不紧不慢，这给初来乍到的人留下很深的印象。【英】The last few days have found me very restless. This evening as I sat in the yard to enjoy the cool, it struck me how different the lotus pool I pass every day must look under a full moon.【汉】这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。【练习】定语从句The first place that I will show you around is Big Wild Goose Pagoda, on the top floor of which we can appreciate the beautiful scene of the city. To the north of the tower, locates a square full of historical topics where you can indulge in thousands of ancient poems.特殊情况一：Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并且给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。特殊情况二：In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.在这样的实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线，而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。World War II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。其他特殊情况：There are many people who want to read the book.许多人想读这本书。Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and life-styles.在家工作的人是按照自己的职业和生活方式做出这种决定的。【练习】同位语从句They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that he had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.他们可能不得不背着一种臭名而终其余生，这个臭名就是：他曾贸然采取一项行动，这项行动破坏了首脑会晤，并且可以设想，还可能已经触发一场核战争。【练习】状语从句While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.【06-48】【07-50】【08-48】【09-48】几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。【练习】比较结构取舍比较My interest in the NETEM has arisen less through the attractiveness of the examination itself and more from the result I expect.Interest in historical method had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.人们对历史学研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史学作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家们内部发生了争执。Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.less and more not so much as rather than 异同比较His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to this decision.as as not so adj. as no more adj. than . no less than no less than in line withbe parallel to .can be compared to .be analogous to . 优劣比较He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”be superior to be inferior to be prior to be preferable to 【练习】并列结构You can get a sound score, but only if you do your utmost, and only if you are marching towards the right direction.On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.总的来说，得出这样的结论是有一定把握的，但必须具备两个条件：一是能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；二是他没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。5 逻辑语境 惯用否定结构形肯意否(10)(11)(14) + anything but形否意肯(4)(5)(8)(9)(12)(15) (16)正译反译And the circle continues.The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.To live up to the public expectation动词：fail, miss, live up to, ignore, over-look, exclude名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance形容词：few, free from, short of, safe of, 副词: less, otherwise, too to, vainly,.连词：more A than B, less A than B, until, .介词：without, beyond, The car is broken, beyond any means of repair.Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”6 英文特有表达习惯a. 时态意义的问题It has been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.b. 语序调整的问题I shall define him as an intellectual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic（苏格拉底） way about moral problems.It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。c. 成分省略的问题“At