被动语态讲解和练习PPT课件

-,1,Passivevoice,被动语态,-,2,被动语态一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：,（1）主动语态（2）被动语态,三、被动语态的构成：(八种时态的被动语态）,-,3,结构：be+动词的过去分词意义：强调主语是动作的承受者,-,4,各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表,-,5,变化：示例,Theboybroketheglass.,Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.,从主动语态变为被动语态,1.主语介词by+宾语2.谓语加be,并变为过去分词3.宾语主语,-,6,1.Theymakeshoesinthefactory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoesaremade(bythem)inthefactory.一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词,变为被动语态,-,7,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词,-,8,3.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.,主,谓,宾,Theroom,willbecleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,一般将来时：主语+willbe+过去分词,-,9,4.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词,-,10,5Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight,Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+过去分词,-,11,6Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,-,12,7AmycantakegoodcareofGina,GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,-,13,am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时,Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品）,Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere,Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.,Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.,-,14,6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。,AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.,Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.,Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonasitarrived.,Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.,-,15,主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）,Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday,Hewasgivenapresentforhisbirthdaybyhismother.,-,16,带双宾语的句子有两种改法:一般情况下把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语.当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词to,for,-,17,pass,show,send,此类动词有：,buy,beboughtfor,如：give,begivento,此类动词还有：,draw，make,cook,-,18,1.PleasepassthebooktoLily.ThebookispassedtoLilybyyouplease.Lilyispassedthebook.2.Hegavemeabeautifulpresent.Iwasgivenabeautifulpresentbyhim.Abeautifulpresentwasgiventome.,-,19,3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.,Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟）,=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.,4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加to,Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding,=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.,-,20,感官动词(hear,see,watch,feel,notice等)和使役动词(let,makehave等)在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式,但是改为被动语态时,把to加在动词原形之前.,Theymadetheboyswork12hoursaday.Theboysweremadetowork12hoursaday.Weoftenseehimgoforawalkbytheriver.Heisoftenseentogoforawalkbytheriver.,-,21,使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,-,22,注意当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动),-,23,5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday,-,24,动词短语变被动语态，后面的介词不能丢。,takecareofbetakencareof,cutdownbecutdown,laughatbelaughedat,lookafterbelookedafter,Speaktobespokento,Handinbehandedin,-,25,汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.,-,26,It+be+过去分词+that从句Itissaidthat据说,Itisreportedthat据报道，Itisbelievedthat大家相信，Itishopedthat大家希望，Itiswellknownthat众所周知，Itisthoughtthat大家认为，Itissuggestedthat据建议，,-,27,一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:,1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。,Theseflowerssmellsweet.,Thatsoundsveryreasonable.,Thefoodtastesdelicious.,-,28,二、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:,Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。,Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。,Thefloordoesntcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。,-,29,三、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：,1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。,Thenovelisworthreading.,Thethingisworthdoing.,-,30,四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。,Thetreesneedwatering.,Childrenwantlookingafter.,TheTVneedsmending.,-,31,五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：,不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：,我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。,Ihavealotofthingstodo.,Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.,-,32,在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常见句型有：,n.+be+too+adj.+todoTheplaneistoohightosee.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todoThebookischeapenoughformetobuy.3)n.+be+adj.+todoThequestionisnoteasytoanswer.,-,33,Practice:1MustIpayforitatonce?_it_atonce?2Wewillbuildanewlab.Anewlab_.3Theyarentstoppingthetrafficnow.Thetraffic_now.4Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?Howlong_thebook_?,Must,been,paid,for,will,be,built,isnt,been,stopping,has,been,kept,-,34,5Ifyourhomework_(do)well,youmaygotoplay.6Mr.Greenwasseen_(grow)trees.7Theblackboardwas_(look)carefullybythestudents.8Theshipmodel_be_(make)intwodays.,isdone,togrow,lookedat,will,made,-,35,课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.,Treesareplanted,Theletterwasposted,Iwasgiven,Apictureisbeingdrawn,Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin,Aletterisgoingtobewritten,-,36,7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook._toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesntlethersonswimintheriver._intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear._thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_byher?,Thenewbookhasbeengiven,Shecannotfind,Issheoftenheardtosing,Hersonisntlettoswim,Theywerebuilding,Isthesongoftensung,-,37,1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold,A,C,A,-,38,4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken,D,C,B,C,-,39,8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt,B,D,A,C,-,40,12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobe