艾米丽迪金森与李清照爱情诗中修辞与语言特色比较研究.doc

毕业论文 题 目Comparative Study on the Features of Language and Rhetoric of Love Poems by Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao 艾米丽迪金森与李清照爱情诗歌中修辞 和语言特色比较研究 学院名称 外国语学院 指导教师 蒋显文 职 称 教授 班 级 084班 学 号 20084210408 学生姓名 肖晓霞 Xiao Xiaoxia 2012年6月 10日 - 2 -南华大学本科生毕业论文开题报告论文题目Comparative Study on the Features of the Language and Rhetoric of Love Poems by Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao艾米丽迪金森与李清照爱情诗歌中修辞和语言特色比较研究论文题目来源自选课题论文题目类型学术论文类起止时间2011年10至2012年6月一、 论文依据及研究意义： 诗歌作为文学的一种主要形式，一直深受人们喜爱。 诗人们通过灵动的妙语神奇地将他们的所思所感表达出来。好的诗歌更是成为千古绝唱。自改革开放以来，我国加强了与西方文化的交流。中西方诗歌文化的交流也越来越频繁，我们因此也得意欣赏到西方优秀的诗歌。但语言以及文化背景的不同成为双方在诗歌文化畅通交流的障碍。要真正领悟到不同文化优秀诗歌的美，必须对双方诗人所处的国度文化背景以及是人个人的经历有所了解。 虽然很多人对中外诗歌对比做了很多深入的研究，国内也有许多关于迪金森诗歌的研究，但对迪金森与李清照这两位生活在不同时代不同国家受不同文化熏陶的著名女诗人的诗歌对比的研究还是很少的。本论文从中西文化差异的角度对两位女诗人的爱情诗中语言与修辞特色进行对比研究，探讨她们在爱情诗歌语言与修辞手法运用的相同点与不同点，这是一个具有新意的尝试。 这将有利于加深对中西方文化中对于爱情的不同理解于表达，有利于双方诗歌文化的深入交流。也可以说是为我们更深入地进行中西各方面的文化交流开了一个小的新窗口。二，论文主要研究的内容、预期目标： 本论文主要从中西方文化差异的角度出发，探讨了文化差异对两位女诗人在爱情诗上修辞和语言特色异同的影响。除此之外，本论文还讨论了造成两位女诗人相同和不同的原因希望通过对这一课题的研究，能对两位女诗人及其爱情诗有更深刻的理解。3、 论文的研究重点及难点： 本论文重点研究英汉文化下两位女诗人爱情诗歌中语言及其修辞的异同及其原因。鉴于课题的相对新颖性，对这一问题进行创新性思考以及相关资料的收集和归类成为本论文的主要难点。四、 论文研究方法及步骤：1、对相关的理论进行系统的学习。主要理论包括中西传统文化差异以及两位女诗人的个人情感经历差异，文化内涵的理解与研究，收集前任研究资料，阅读研究资料整理笔记，提交文献综述；2、对所学理论知识进行整理，提炼出理论知识中与课题相关的要点进行仔细研究，提出主要研究方向，并请导师指导；3、从理论与实际之间的联系出发，根据理论要点对课题相关问题进行分析，整理。提交大纲；4、整理写出初稿，交给导师阅读、指导。根据老师的指导意见进行进一步的整理、修改；5、定稿，准备答辩。五、 进行论文所需条件： 进行该论文需要具有相关方面的中外报刊、词典、书籍或文章以及网络上的相关信息，主要包括Wendy Martin著的The Cambridge Introduction to Emily Dickinson, 迪金森著江枫译的Wild Nights-Wild Nights, 谭红的艾默斯特的雏菊与明水泉畔的江梅艾米丽迪金森与李清照爱情诗词比较，盛晴的艾米丽迪金森诗歌中的意象分析，郑芷芳的Comparative Study on the Content and Style in Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao等。六、 指导教师意见 签名： 2011年 月 日南 华 大 学毕业论文任务书学 院： 外国语学院 题 目：Comparative Study on the Features of Language and Rhetoric of Love Poems by Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao 艾米丽迪金森与李清照爱情诗歌 中修辞和语言特色比较研究 起止时间：2011年10月29日至2012年6 月10 日 学 生 姓 名： 肖晓霞 专 业 班 级： 英语084班 指 导 教 师： 蒋显文 教研室主 任： 胡大伟 院 长： 戈玲玲 2011年12月1日论文内容及要求： 内容：本文从中西方文化差异的角度对艾米丽迪金森和李清照两位女诗人的爱情诗歌中修辞和语言进行研究。第一部分讨论了造成她们在语言和修辞上相同及不同点的原因，主要从社会和家庭背景以及修辞特色的异同。尽管她们生活在不同时期及不同国家，我们依然能找出她们之间的相同点，而由于所处文化背景，传统文化以及个人经历的差异，两位女诗人在语眼及修辞特色上又有很大的不同之处。 论文要求：找相关资料，记笔记；阅读所找相关资料，找问题，确定切入点；确定论文题目；找出理论基础，构建理论框架；列出论文大纲；根据大纲构思论文结构，整理笔记；开始论文写作，要求将理论与实际密切结合起来；严格遵守比较法规则将两位女诗人在写爱情诗时的共性或异性进行清晰地比较。 指导教师： 年 月 日南华大学外国语学院毕业论文AbstractChinese poetess Li Qingzhao in Song Dynasty (1084-1151), and American poetess Emily Dickinson of 19th century (1830-1886), are two bright stars of East and West Parnassus which enhance each others beauty. Their poems are still widely read today. Their works express their personal feelings and represent their emotions and spirit. They have distinctive artistic features and rich artistic appeal. Emily Dickinson led a reclusive life but vaulted into prominence after she died in the 19th century. Li Qingzhao led a happy life in her early years and had tough experience when she was old. In spite of the fact that they lived in totally different countries, social systems as well as historical periods, there are some similarities and differences in their love poems. This article makes a comparative study on the features of the language and rhetoric in love poems by the two poetesses from the view of cultural differences between east and west in the hope of gaining a profound understanding of their love poems.Key words: Emily Dickinson; Li Qingzhao; love poetry; cultural differences between east and west, language and rhetoric摘 要我国宋代女词人李清照（10841151） 与美国19世纪女诗人艾米丽迪金森（18301886）是东西方诗坛上遥相辉映的两颗璀璨之星。她们的诗词历经数代，仍然广为传诵。 她们的作品抒发了她们的个人情怀，代表了她们的情感和喜怒哀乐。尽管这两位女诗人生活在迥然不同的国家和社会制度下，年代相隔近八百年：一位生活在十九世纪的美国，死后一举成名；一位生活在中国的宋代，早年生活安逸，晚年却颠沛流离，但从两位女诗人的作品中我们仍能找到她们的相似与不同。本文试图从中西差异这个角度对两位女诗人的爱情诗的修辞和语言特色进行对比研究，以加深对两位女诗人及其爱情诗歌的理解。关键词：艾米丽迪金森；李清照；爱情诗歌；中西文化差异；语言和修辞特色 Contents1 Introduction.1 1.1 Background.12 Analysis of the Origin of Similarities and Differences in the Features of Language and Rhetoric in Love Poems by Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao.4 2.1 Context.4 2.1.1 Emily Dickinson.42.1.2 Li Qingzhao.6 2.2 Personal Experience.7 2.2.1 Dickinson.72.2.2 Li Qingzhao.83 The Similarities and Differences in Features of Language and Rhetoric in Love Poems by Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao from the View of Cultural Differences between East and West.9 3.1 Similarities in Features of Language and Rhetoric in Their Love Poems.10 3.1.1 Similarities in the Use of Figures of Speech.10 3.1.2 Use of Negation.12 3.2 Differences in the Features of Language and Rhetoric in Their Love Poems.133.2.1 Differences in Image in Their Love Poems.133.2.2 Differences in Terms of Language.184 Conclusion.19Bibliography.21Acknowledgments.22 iv1 Introduction1.1 Background There have been countless comparative studies on Chinese classical poetry and western poetry. These studies have different focuses with regard to poets, themes, expression techniques and styles. This paper is gong to make a comparative study on the love poetries of Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao from the view of cultural differences between East and West. Both Li Qingzhao and Emily Dickinson are the most well-known Parnassus in their own countries. They both deem poetry as especially important and congenial because it is a vehicle which they used to air their voice about their personal feelings, emotions, views, desire and spirit.Emily Dickinson was born on December 10th, 1830, in Amherst; Massachusetts. She grew up in a prominent family. Her grandfather founded Amherst College and her father was a famous lawyer, who was active in the affairs of the public. She also had an elder brother and a younger sister. Her family was closely knit ted and all of them were lifelong residents of Amherst. Unlike her father, Emily did not enjoy the popularity and excitement of public life in Amherst, so she chose to withdraw. She was obscure during her lifetime and led an isolated life, but she is now considered as one of the great poets in American literature and enjoys an ever-increasing critical reputation. When Americans established the Poets Corner at St.john Abbey in New York in May 1984, they engraved two poets names there, one was Whitman, and the other was Dickinson. During her lifetime only seven poems appeared in print anonymously. After she died, Emily Dickinson left behind several drawerfuls of poems. Although almost none of her poems were published during her lifetime and her work drew harsh criticism when it first appeared, many of her short lyrics on the subjects of nature, love, death, and immortality are now considered among the most emotionally and intellectually profound in the English language. Her frequent use of dashes, sporadic capitalization of nouns, off-rhyme, broken meter, unconventional metaphors, have contributed to her reputation. Emily Dickinson wrote a lot of poems about love. Among all her poems, more than 300 are about love. These love poems show the poets personal view of love, marriage and her own attitude toward the pursuit of true love. Li Qingzhao(10841151) born in Jin an city of Shandong Province East China in 1084 is the most accomplished poetess in Chinese literary history. Her father was a distinguished scholar, so in her childhood she had access to a large number of books and could recite many poems, which paved a solid road for her later writing. At 18, she married Zhao Mingcheng, who had abundant knowledge of metal sculpture, jade carving, painting, calligraphy. The couple shared a lot in common and lived a happy and peaceful life during north Song Dynasty. But shortly after their harmonious marriage life, the northern barbarous jin-invaders occupied most part of the northern land of China. So Li Qingzhao experienced the pain of seeing the country invaded and being driven down south of the Yangtze River and living a life of separation from her husband. She was in great pain and no way but writing poems to release her sadness and loneliness. Li Qingzhao was good at Shi poems, Ci poems and prose. But she was especially renowned for the intensity of her Ci poems. Unfortunately ,only a portion of her poetic output is now extant, some fifty Ci poems out of some six volumes, assembled in a volume entitled Ci of pure jade(漱玉词). Before Qingzhao, the well-known love poems are written by male poets who are normally difficult to delve into the inner recesses of the female heart, Qingzhaos love poems are particularly successful in depicting a genuine womans feeling with intimacy and delicacy, and therefore are more sincere, profound and touching than those written by her male contemporaries. This thesis exclusively makes a comparative study on the features of the language and rhetoric in love poems by the two poetesses from the view of cultural differences between east and west, thus gaining a better understanding of the two poets, their personal view about love and the culture which shaped their point of views.Chapter one is an analysis of the origin of the similarities and differences in the features of language and rhetoric in their love poems. Social and family backgrounds as well as personal experience especially emotional experiences are discussed.Chapter two explores the similarities and differences in the features of language and rhetoric of their love poems through text analysis. Although they lived in totally different countries and societies of different era, we can still find some similarities. Both Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao employ plain words and negation in their love poems. There are also differences. Emily imagery is clear-cut and fresh, and she usually express abstract ideas and thoughts by means of metaphors and symbols. She also uses such unique images such as biblical images. While Li Qingzhao presents us different types of poems on image during different periods of time and the most frequently images used by her are flowers . The conclusion is a short summary of this paper. Literature Review Since this paper is devoted to the comparative study of love poems of the two poets,now I am going to offer a brief review of the relevant literature in the study of the topic. Previous studies of the two poets are not hard to find. Some related studies are listed as follows. Zheng Zhifang, in her Comparative Study on the Content and Style in the Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao, says, “both Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao have the courage to love and hate by express their aspiration for true love boldly though in different degrees. Sheng Shuhan in his paper由李清照，迪金森诗词看中西方女性对爱情的不同表达 writes that the two poetesses are in dire desire for true love and hold an unswerving belief in true love. However, Emily Dickinson in her poems shows a more fiery attitude toward the pursuit of love than Li Qingzhao who tends to express her feelings euphemistically and indirectly. In stead of focusing on the style and content like the previous studies, this paper is going to make a comparative study on the features of the language and rhetoric of love poems by the two poetesses from the view of cultural differences between east and west.2 Analysis of the Origin of Similarities and Differences in Features of Language and Rhetoric in Love Poems by Emily Dickinson and Li Qingzhao2.1 Context2.1.1Emily Dickinson During Dickinsons life, many important events and movements took place including the Mexican-American war, the Great Awakenings, the industrialization, the Civil war, the Abolition and Womens right, Transcendentalism. All of this exerts important influence on Emilys writing of poetry.2.1.1.1Religious Culture Background In fact, much of the religious context of Emily Dickinsons nineteenth century Amherst was tied to Puritan heritage. Nathaniel Dickinson, an ancestor of Emily Dickinson, was one of the first puritans to settle in Amherst. Emily Dickinsons family was closely tied to the Congregational Church and attended the First Church of Amherst. This Orthodox Church stayed true to its origins, even when congregational churches in other areas started abandoning Puritan traditions. Emily Dickinson attended services at the church until sometime in her late twenties. Even when she stopped attending, however, the churchs influence was unavoidable. It was a vital part of the Amherst community as a center for church socials, public lectures, and other events. Dickinson grew up hearing her fathers stern voice reading passages from the bible every night, exchanged letters with friends who discussed their conversion experiences, and eventually absorbed and utilized tropes in her writing. That is the reason why we find so many biblical images in her love images.2.1.1.2 Political Culture Background, the Civil War One of the most influential event took place during Dickinsons life was the civil war. The four -year period of the civil war was the bloodiest era American had yet seen. It was also the most prolific time of Emily Dickinsons writing. Suddenly the clashes between individual and society, agrarian and industrial, black and white, and North and South came to a head. The severity of the war put Dickinson into a brand new existential challenge. Dickinsons brother Austin avoided conscription by paying 500 for an Irish laborer to join the union army in his stead. Although Austin was spared, Dickinson knew friends and relatives who were not as fortunate. In March of 1862, Dickinson was devastated by the death of Lieutenant Frazar Stearns son of Amherst Colleges president and friend of Austin. The sheer scale of the war and the death of her friends and relatives forced Dickinson to grapple with issues of liberty, life and death in a way she never had before. She internalized the civil war: the conflict of religious beliefs, anger over authority, suppression of individual rights and liberties, and the reality of death. She also viewed the war as an externalized of her own battle between autonomy and submission. The nations civil war was a macrocosm of the civil war Dickinson waged inside herself. She uses the images of war, battle, and death in many of her poems. Her use of death image in her love poems shows her persistent fight against the lifelong foe, death.2.1.1.3 Philosophical Culture Background: Transcendentalism In addition to the religious, cultural, and political events occurring during Dickinsons lifetime, philosophical movements shaped her writing as well. Perhaps one of the most important movements connected to Dickinson was Transcendentalism. This movement praised humankinds ability to transcend the mortal world through reflection, intuition, and openness to nature. The movement included many writers, most notably Ralph Wald Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman. They praised individualism, self-reliance, and racial and sexual equality. One of their most heretical beliefs was that an individual could have a direct relationship with god without having to go through middleman such as ministers or religious teachers. Like Dickinson, the Transcendentalists believed that the countrys new focus on profit was replacing personal craftsmanship and alienating people from their communities and natural surroundings. Transcendentalists sought to restore the vital connection between nature, people, and god. Although not considered a Transcendentalist, Emily Dickinson was closely aligned with the movement. She owned, read, and quoted books by Emerson. The worldview Dickinson constructs in her poetry reflects what might be called a transcendental legacy in antebellum American le