unit-1听力原文及B答案

Unit1,SectionAFamousUniversitiesintheWorld陈晓明,Monologue,Conversation,Passage,Passage1I.4-8-1-7-2-9-4-3-6-10II.1.10,000;3,5002.details;involved3.subjectrequirements;cessesallapplications5.achieve;confirmed,Passage2,1.18532.distinctive3.academic4.freedom,honesty,opennessandrigor5.research6.tostrengthenitscoreintellectualdisciplines7.teaching8.toattractthebrighteststudent,Passage2,9.ernationallyengaged14.undertakestoworkwith15.tomeetglobalchallenges,Lecture,1.wasfounded;in1827;institution2.affiliatedteachinghospitals;Faculty3.Canadas;aninternationalreputation;agreaterrangeofcoursesthan4.liberalartseducation;insistenceon;graduateeducation;doctoralcandidates5.qualityandrange;attractstudents;province;country;abroad,CulturalLink,1.IvyLeague常春藤联盟大学AnassociationofeightuniversitiesandcollegesinthenortheastUnitedStates,comprisingBrown,Columbia,Cornell,Dartmouth,Harvard,Princeton,theUniversityofPennsylvania,andYale.,CulturalLink,2.Harvard-YaleRegattaTheHarvard-YaleBoatRaceorHarvard-YaleRegattaisanannualrowingracebetweenYaleandHarvarduniversities.Firstcontestedin1852,annuallysince1859exceptduringmajorwarsfoughtbytheUnitedStates,theRaceisAmericasoldestcollegiateathleticcompetition,predatingtheGameby23years.OriginallyrowedonLakeWinnipesaukee,NewHampshire,ithassincemovedtotheThamesRiver,NewLondon,Connecticut.,CulturalLink,3.TheNobelPrizeTheNobelPrizewasestablishedinaccordancewiththewillofAlfredNobelinventorofdynamiteandholderofmorethan350patents.Awardedannuallysince1901,theNobelPrizeisthefirstannualinternationalawardtorecognizeachievementsinPhysics,Medicine,Chemistry,PeaceandLiterature.,CulturalLink,3.TheNobelPrizeNobelprizeshavebeenawardedtomembersofCambridgeUniversityforsignificantadvancesasdiverseasthediscoveryofthestructureofDNA,thedevelopmentofanationalincomeaccountingsystem,themasteryofanepicandnarrativepsychologicalartandthediscoveryofpenicillin.,CulturalLink,4.UniversityofCambridgeandNobelPrizeWinnersTheUniversityofCambridgehasmoreNobelPrizewinnersthananyotherinstitution.81affiliatesoftheUniversityofCambridgehavewontheNobelPrizesince1904.Affiliateshavewonineverycategory,with29NobelprizesinPhysics,22inMedicine,19inChemistry,7inEconomics,2inLiteratureand2inPeace.,Unit1,SectionBImmuneSystem,Outline,WordBuildingPower,immuno-:immune免疫的immunity免疫性carcin-(carcino-):cancer癌,WordBuildingPower,immunogenic：产生免疫的immunogenetics:免疫遗传学immunopathology:免疫病理学immunoproliferative：免疫增生的immunobiology：免疫生物学immunochemistry：免疫化学immunosuppressant：免疫抑制剂Immunotherapeutic:免疫疗法的acquiredimmunity：获得性免疫（后天免疫）,WordBuildingPower,artificialimmunity:人工免疫congenitalimmunity:先天免疫（某一个体出生时所具有的免疫）herdimmunity(communityimmunity):群体免疫（流行病学概念）passiveimmunity:被动免疫immunosuppression:免疫抑制（借助抗代谢药物，或辐射，或使用抗淋巴细胞血清或环孢毒素使免疫反应抑制以防止移植物或器官移植物的排斥。又作immunodepression）,WordBuildingPower,immunotherapy:免疫疗法activeimmunity:主动免疫cell-mediatedimmunity:细胞免疫（细胞介导性免疫）crossimmunity:交叉免疫localimmunity:局部免疫maternalimmunity:母源免疫protectiveimmunity:保护性免疫,WordBuildingPower,cancer:癌（瘤）cancerous:与癌（瘤）有关的carcinoma:癌（恶性上脾性肿瘤，为癌瘤最常见类型）carcinomatosis(carcinosis):癌病（广泛播散全身的癌）tumor:肿瘤（因细胞进行性地、不受控制地增生所形成的一个肿块性病变，即新生物。良性肿瘤保持在局部，而恶性肿瘤则侵润临近组织，并经淋巴或血流播散，在其他组织和器官产生继发性（转移性）瘤块）,WordBuildingPower,neoplasm:肿瘤，新生物（指一种由增殖细胞构成的良性或恶性的扩展性损害）malignanttumor:恶性肿瘤malignantneoplasm:恶性肿瘤benigntumor:良性肿瘤benignneoplasm:良性肿瘤onco-(onc-):肿瘤oncology:肿学瘤,WordBuildingPower,oncogenesis:（肿）瘤形成，（肿）瘤发生oncologist:肿瘤学家sarcoma:肉瘤（结缔组织或间充质细胞，如纤维组织、脂肪组织、肌肉组织、血管、淋巴管、滑膜组织、骨和软骨组织构成的一种恶性肿瘤，其准确命名取决于组织的类型，如纤维肉瘤（fibrosarcoma）、脂肉瘤（liposarcoma）、血管肉瘤（angiosarcoma）或骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma）sarcomatosis(sarcosis):肉瘤病,WordBuildingPower,II.arttherapy:艺术疗法behaviortherapy:行为疗法genetherapy:基因疗法speechtherapy:言语疗法Gestalttherapy:格式塔疗法radiotherapy:放射疗法immunotherapy:免疫疗法hydrotherapy:水疗psychotherapy:心理疗法,WordBuildingPower,II.hyperbaricoxygentherapy:高压氧疗法supplementaryX-raytherapy:X射线辅助疗法chemotherapy:化疗physiotherapy:理疗sympathicotherapy:交感神经刺激疗法sclerotherapy:硬化疗法（应用硬化溶液闭塞患病血管的一种疗法）,WatchingandDoing,BackgroundInformationaboutImmuneSystemandNaturalKillerCellsTheimmunesystemprotectsthebodyagainstinfectionsbybacteria,virusesandotherparasites.Itisreallyacollectionofresponsesthatthebodymakestoinfection.Soitissometimescalledthe“immuneresponse”.NaturalKillerCells(orNKcells)areatypeofcytotoxiclymphocytecriticaltotheinnateimmunesystem.NKcellsproviderapidresponsestovirallyinfectedcellsandrespondtotumorformation,actingataround3daysafterinfection.,WatchingandDoing,BackgroundInformationaboutImmuneSystemandNaturalKillerCellsTypicallyimmunecellsdetectMHCpresentedoninfectedcellsurfaces,triggeringcytokinerelease,causinglysisorapoptosis.NKcellsareunique,however,astheyhavetheabilitytorecognizestressedcellsintheabsenceofantibodiesandMHC,allowingforamuchfasterimmunereaction.Theywerenamed“naturalkillers”becauseoftheinitialnotionthattheydonotrequireactivationinordertokillcellsthataremissing“self”markersofmajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)class1.,WatchingandDoing,BackgroundInformationaboutMedicalTherapiestherapy(e.g.thetreatmentofanillnessorinjuryoverafairlylongperiodoftime)意为“治疗，疗法”，指的是对疾病的系统治疗或改善健康的方法。该词常与表示用药方式或治疗目的的构词成分连用。常见的如下：adoptivetherapy继承性免疫疗法。使用从另一种群或同种的另一个体取得的特异性抗体或使用取之于同种（最好是同基因的）成员的淋巴细胞治疗疾病的方法。,WatchingandDoing,BackgroundInformationaboutMedicalTherapiesarttherapy艺术疗法。应用艺术如舞蹈、音乐、绘画和雕塑，单独或联合应用，作为精神病治疗的辅助方法，为精神病人远离病组或参加群体活动、达到可见的目标以及增强自尊提供机会。behaviortherapy行为疗法。该疗法根据实验心理学技术治疗与行为有关的疾病或问题。理论上认为不良行为是由于错误学习的结果，这些不良行为能够通过再学习如厌恶疗法、生物反馈法、行为塑造法、系统脱敏以及象征性奖励法来纠正。又称作learning-theorytherapy,conditioningtherapy,WatchingandDoing,BackgroundInformationaboutMedicalTherapiesgenetherapy基因疗法。为了纠正特定的基因缺陷将一个或多个特定的基因引入机体的体细胞、生殖谱系细胞或两者内。Gestalttherapy格式塔疗法。这是一种心理疗法，强调反应中的整体性并强调在局部经验和背景经验之间的意义方面取得适当的平衡。hyperbaricoxygentherapy高压氧疗法。应用比正常大气压更多的含氧空气作治疗。,WatchingandDoing,BackgroundInformationaboutMedicalTherapiesimmunotherapy免疫疗法。通过给病人使用从另一个体或另一种群获得的抗体治疗疾病，也被称作被动疗法；或者通过使用对该病相应的抗原使病人获得免疫的方法治疗疾病，也被称作主动免疫疗法。supplementaryX-raytherapyX射线辅助疗法。该疗法是指对已经施行镭或其他放射性制剂治疗的某些器官或身体的某些部位做辅助