国考同等学力英语—基础写作

词性,n.v.adj.adv.prep.a.,1.名词,可数名词：C不可数名词:U,单复数变化,可数名词单复数变形,单数名词词尾直接加-s。boyboys,penpens。以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。glassglasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushes。以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。babybabies,ladyladies,flyflies。,以“o”结尾的多数加-es。tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,heroheroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。radioradios,zoozoos,photophotos以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。wifewives,lifelives,knifeknives,wolfwolves,selfselves,leafleaves改变元音字母manmen,mousemice,footfeet,womanwomen,toothteeth,oxoxen,sentencecorrectionEmployeecangetmorebenefitsfromtelecommutingthanemployer.Conflictsmayarisebetweentouristandlocalresident.Communityserviceofferwrongdoerchancecorrecttheirmisconductandstartnewlife.,2.名词的所有格“的”,（1）+s有生命事物“的”Tomskite,thepresidentsreport用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后todaysnewspaper,fiveminuteswalk,fivepoundsweight,tendollarsworthofcoffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。theearthsplanet,thewordspopulation,Chinasindustry,NewYorksparks,（2）of表示无生命事物“的”thedevelopmentofsociety,theadventoftheInternet,theseriousnessofdesertification,名词与代词的转化,使用注意：1.性数一致2.紧跟名词Somepeopledonotobeytrafficruleshimself.Toerrishuman.Nomatterhoweminentoneis,hewillmakemistakes.,动词,1.主谓一致,1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.AwasBwereChadbeenDwouldbe2.Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook_50million.AhavereachedBhasreachedCarereachingDhadreached,3.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager_toworkonlineathome.A.encouragesB.encourageC.isencouragedD.areencouraged4.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI_thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.amtoknow,2.动词的时态,present,past,future,现在时,1）一般现在时构成：-s/es/其他I/we/you/theyworkHe/she/itworks标志词：often,usually,always,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday，onceaweek，yearly，monthly经常性动作或状态;Weoftenwritetoeachother.Fatheralwaysreadsnewspaperafterbreakfast.讲述事实或普遍真理;Lightgoesfasterthansound.Thesunrisesintheeast.,zz,2）现在进行时构成：be+doingIamworkinghe/she/itisworkingwe/you/theyareworking标志词：now,atpresent,atthistime,today,thisweek,thisyear,atthemoment,现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态Itsfouroclockintheafternoon.Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground.Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?表达说话这个人情感always,forever,allthetimeHeisalwayscomplaining.,3）现在完成时构成：have/hasdoneI/we/you/theyhaveworkedHe/she/ithasworked标志词：since,for,recently,yet,ever,already,uptonow,sofar,untilnow表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用。ImsorryIhavelostmykey.Icantopenthedoor.Shehasleft.Ifyouwanttoseeher,youllhavetocometomorrow.动作与过去发生，持续到现在的动作，可能将继续发生“到目前为止”这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用。WehavelivedheresincelastOctober.ShehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.,4）现在完成进行时构成：have/hasbeendoingI/we/you/theyhavebeenworkingHe/she/ithasbeenworking标志词：allthismorning,all.,for表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.,过去时,1）一般过去时构成：ed/不规则变化I/we/you/theyworkedHe/she/itworked标志词：yesterday,lastnight,atthattime,justnow,afewdaysago,then,lastyear,in1999,twodaysago过去的动作或状态Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.Wedidnthaveclasseslastweek.,2）过去进行时构成：was/weredoingI/he/she/itwasworkingwe/you/theywereworking标志词：atacertaintimeyesterday过去某时刻正在进行的动作AtthattimeshewasworkinginOxford.过去某段时间内持续的动作HewasstudyinginCambridgebetween1999and2001.过去将来的动作come,go,leave,depart,startHedidntknowwhethershewascoming.,3）过去完成时构成：haddoneI/we/you/theyhadworkedHe/she/ithadworked过去某时间之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”常与when，before,after等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。WhenIwokeupithadalreadystoppedraining.IhadntlearnedanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.,4）过去完成进行时构成：hadbeendoingI/he/she/you/we/theyhadbeenworking过去的过去发生的动作持续到过去某时Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered.,将来时1）一般将来时构成：shall/willdoI/weshallworkhe/she/it/you/theywillwork标志词：tomorrow，nextyear，fromnowon，inamonth，inthefuture,today，thisevening，thisweek,thismonth，thisyear将来时间的动作或状态PerhapsIshall(will)payavisittoFrancethiswinter.,一般将来时其他表现形式1）“begoingto+do”多用于口语中，表示打算、将要发生的事。WearegoingtovisittheSummerPalacenextweek.Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.2）“be+todo”表示安排或计划好了的动作。ThequeenistovisitJapannextyear.3）“beabout+不定式”表示即将发生的动作。注意：beaboutto一般不与时间状语连用。Heisabouttoretire.,2）将来进行时构成：will/shallbedoingI/weshallbeworkinghe/she/it/you/theywillbeworking表示人们确信某事肯定会发生。WhenIarriveattheairport,mywholefamilywillbewaitingforme.表示预测或希望某事会发生。WhenIgethome,mywifewillprobablybewatchingTV.,3）将来完成时构成：will/shallhavedoneI/weshallhaveworkedHe/she/it/you/theywillhavedone预期将来某时间“已完成”Ishallhavefinishedreadingthebookbytheendofthisweek.,4）将来完成进行时构成：will/shallhavebeendoingI/weshallhavebeenworkingHe/she/it/you/theywillhavebeenworking预期将来某时间一直在做某事HewillhavebeenspendingholidayinHKinSeptember.,3.动词的被动语态,Heanswersthequestionsinpublic.Thequestionswereansweredinpublic,SentenceCorrectionWorkathomeusingmoderntechnologycangreatlyenhanceourefficiency.Theproblemsthatarecreatedbyenvironmentalcontaminationisveryhardtoresolve.Manystudentsarelikestudyinghomeeconomics.Today,culturesaroundtheworldwerebecomingincreasinglysimilar.Childrenwhoareraiseinimpoverishedfamiliescangenerallydealwithproblemsmoreefficientlyintheiradultyears.,形容词与副词,作用,1.形容词：修饰名词theinterestingmovie;theharshcondition;themildenvironment2.副词：修饰动词、形容词或句子Heescapedimmediatelyaftertheaccident.Peopletendtochoosetheenvironmentallyfriendlyproductsrecently.Generally,complicatedmachinesareeasiertobreakdown.,adj./adv.等级,asas结构1.Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_accordingtohimself.A.fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallasD.astallfivefooteightas2.Whatatable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis_itislong.AhalfnotaswideasBwidenotashalfasCnothalfaswideasDaswideasnothalf,比较级与最高级,1.比较级形式：-erthanmore+adj./adv.than1）Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas_thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft.AmuchsmallerBmuchmoreCmuchlargerDmanymore2）Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?IthoroughlyenjoyeditItwasthanIexpectedAfarmoreinterestingBevenmuchinterestingCsomoreinterestingDalotmuchinteresting,2.最高级adj./adv.+-est+of/among-themost+adj./adv.+of/among1）Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels_desiretogotobed.A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast2）Greenland,_islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargest,3.the+比较级，the+比较级越就越Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyoullmake.Themorecomplicatedthesystemis,themorechanceitwillhavetobreakdown.,句子基础,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern1ManyserioussocialproblemsariseasaresultofthewidespreaduseofInternet.Juveniledelinquencyhasrisendramaticallyinrecentyears.S+Vi,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern2Theinstallationofcamerasinpublicplacesdeterswould-becriminals.Thegovernmentshouldconstitutemorerigidlawsandregulationstocurbthesoaringcrimerate.S+Vt+O,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern3Povertyisoneofthereasonsforyoungsterstoskipschoolandcommitcrimes.Theviolentscenesonthescreenis,tosomeextent,responsibleforaperceivableincreaseinrealviolence.S+Vl+P,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern4Violentandpornographicscenesonmassmediapresentchildrenabadexample.Weshouldaskourselveswhatthemostimportantthinginourlivesis.S+Vt+Oi+Od=S+Vt+Od+prep.+Oi,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern5Childrensinexperienceandimmaturitymakethemvulnerabletocrimes.Weconsidergreedthesourceofevils.S+Vt+O+Oc,句子成分,句子成分-主语,AlldoctorsandnursesshouldgetvaccinatedagainsttheH1N1flu.Smokingisapersonalchoiceratherthanamoralissue.Beingphysicallyactivecanreducestresslevelsandlowerbloodpressure.Itishardtoreachaconsensusonthisaffair.Itiswelldocumentedthathighschoolstudentstendtogainweightandsufferfrommanystress-relatedillnessesbecauseofthestrongpressureonthem.形式：名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词，不定式，主从,句子成分-谓语,Inthisdayandage,anincreasingnumberofpeopleagreethatgamblingisanunwholesomehobby.Lifehasbeenfilledwithchallengesandwealwaysneedtoprepareourselvesonvariousfronts.形式：动词,句子成分-宾语、表语,Junkfoodunderminespeopleshealth.Studiesrevealthatthereisadefinitelinkbetweenobesityandseriousdiseasesuchasheartattacks.Whatweshoulddoistotellchildrenhowtothinkinsteadofhowtomemorizethings.Whatweareconcernedaboutisthattowhatextenttestsareharmfultostudentscreativity.形式：名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词，不定式，主从,句子成分-定语,Inrecentyears,theInternethasbeengainingpopularityatanamazingrate.Thosewhohavespentsometimetravelingtootherplaces,haveabroaderviewoflife.形式：形容词，介词短语，定语从句,句子成分-状语,Outdooractivitiescangreatlyimproveourhealth.Likeself-awareness,self-criticismisalsohardtoachieve.Weshouldtakestepstoconserveendangeredanimalsbeforeitistoolate.Somepeoplewallowinpetstotheextentthattheyneglecttheemotionalneedsoftheirfamilymembers.Thoughmanisthedominantspeciesontheplanet,otherspeciesenjoythesamerighttosurvive.形式：副词，介词短语，状语从句,句子成分-补语,Thegraduatefindthejobmarketfrustratingbecauseoftheeconomicrecession.SomeindividualsareconcernedtheInternetwillrenderinternationaltourismobsolete.Peoplewithallergiesaresuper-sensitivetothingsthatmostpeoplefindharmless,includingpollenfromplants,dust,andfood.形式：名词，形容词，不定式，动名词,句子成分-同位语,Shopping,anecessarypartofdailylife,isincreasinglytime-consumingduetothemultipleoptionsavailabletoconsumers.Theideathattraditionalclotheslookout-of-datehasoccurredtoagreatnumberofpeople.Thereisanincreasingrecognitionthatlearningcantakeplaceoutsidetheclassroomandisalifelongexperience.形式：名词（短语），同位语从句，代词,并列句,结构：简单句并列连词conj.简单句,并列句,1.顺承：and,notonlybutalso,neithernorLawisnotonlytopunishthewrongdoersbutalsoitistoregulateandsuperviseonesb