2020版高考英语二轮复习专题强化练（五）（含解析）.docx

专题强化练(五)阅读七选五Passage 1(2019山东临沂高三模拟)The man who could see the futureThe ability to predict the future is a rare talent.American author Isaac Asimov (19201992), one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent._1_Now that were here, lets see what he got right._2_ Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolution of the 19th century. Specifically, he said that “mobile computerized objects” would be an important part of everyday life.Here, he clearly predicted our world of smartphones, tables and other devices.He also had a great deal to say about space exploration._3_How did Asimov develop his special sense of future developments？_4_ He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents candy store.His scientific interest gained sharper focus at Columbia University in New York.Asimov went to study chemistry, but became bored with pure laboratory science.Instead, he thought hard about the social implications(作用) of science.He wanted to communicate his ideas to the public._5_ Asimov had his finger on the pulse(脉搏)of both scientific and social change.He had a clear vision of what was coming around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic Empire series(银河帝国系列)“His predictions are absolutely fascinating，” Calum Chase, an English writer, told BBC News.“He was a genius.”AAs a smart boy, Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five.BSpace exploration really can make our life more convenient and comfortable.CBack in 1983, he was asked to predict what the world would look like in 2019.DOn the role that computing would play in the future, he was amazingly accurate.EAsimov has developed a great interest in computer programming since childhood.FAs an author, his books would feature the theme of social change caused by technology.GThe International Space Station proves his prediction that we would not simply visit space but seek to stay there.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科幻大师阿西莫夫和他的预言的准确性以及他是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。1解析：由“American author Isaac Asimov (19201992), one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent._1_Now that were here, lets see what he got right.”可知，美国作家艾萨克阿西莫夫(19201992)是他那个时代最伟大的科幻作家之一，他有这样一种天赋。以及后文“让我们看看他预测对了什么”可推知，空格处在本段中起承上启下的作用。故C选项“早在1983年，他就被要求预测2019年的世界会是什么样子”承上启下。故C选项切题。答案：C2解析：由“Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolution of the 19th century”可知，阿西莫夫认为计算机将引发一场与19世纪工业革命相当的革命，根据第一段可知，下面是讲阿西莫夫预测的结果，故D选项“关于计算机在未来将所扮演的角色。他惊人准确地预测了”是说明他预测的计算机的结果，与本段内容符合，故D选项切题。答案：D3解析：由“He also had a great deal to say about space exploration”可知，关于太空探索，他也预测了。所以空格处要接着说他预言的结果。故G选项“国际空间站证明了他的预言，我们不仅要拜访太空，还要设法留在那里”与太空探索相关，且是预测结果。故G选项切题。答案：G4解析：由“He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents candy store”可知，他读了父母糖果店出售的报纸和杂志。所以空格处要与下一句一起来说明阿西莫夫是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。故A选项“作为一个聪明的孩子，阿西莫夫在五岁时就开始自学”承上启下。故A选项切题。答案：A5解析：由“Asimov had his finger on the pulse(脉搏) of both scientific and social change.He had a clear vision of what was coming around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic Empire series(银河帝国系列)His predictions are absolutely fascinating， Calum Chase, an English writer, told BBC News.He was a genius.”(阿西莫夫将手指放在科学和社会变革的脉搏上。他在银河帝国系列等作品中清楚地呈现了人类即将面临的困境。英国作家卡鲁姆蔡斯对英国广播公司说：“他是个天才。”)可知，本段主要在说作为一名作家，他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题，故F选项“作为一名作家，他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题”是本段主题句。故F选项切题。答案：FPassage 2(2019河南新乡高三质量检测)Why Stand in Line on Black Friday?Standing in line is a pain.At the post office.At the box office.At a restaurant._1_The first spot outside some Best Buy stores is usually claimed (认领) weeks in advance, often by a person in a tent.Shoppers at Walmart will print out maps of the store, with circles around their primary targets._2_“These queues are quite different than the usual annoying ones we come across day to day at the ATM or in the subway，” said Richard Larson, a professor at MIT who has spent years studying line behavior.“Once a year，” he said, “the lines are exciting.Theyre the kind you might tell your grandchildren about.” _3_ Billie LeClere, 45, was first in line on Thursday at Walmart in Manchester, Iowa.She said she was a regular Black Friday shopper.But this year, she came with a specific purpose: to get a good deal on a new TV.She and her husband had recently separated, and he had taken the old TV earlier that day.“The marriage died, not the TV，” she said._4_ “Its going to be nice to have something thats newerand its mine, not his.”_5_ The following are two of the typical results.The “gotta have it” atmosphere makes people more anxious.Sometimes the behaviour of the queue turns violent.Therefore，lines test patience，personal space especially on Black Friday, when the crowds can be overwhelming (势不可挡的)AShoppers are excited to buy gifts.BBut on Black Friday, its an experience.CMoreover, the crowds are queuing for good deals.DMany families are queuing to chat with each other.EThe experience gave her a sense of accomplishment.FThey are trying to turn the experience into an adventure.GThe behaviour of people in lines has inspired decades of research.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们为什么要在黑色星期五排队。1解析：根据前面“Standing in line is a pain.At the post office.At the box office.At a restaurant.”(排队是一种痛苦。在邮局、在售票处、在餐馆)，可知，这里为转折关系。但在黑色星期五，这是一种体验。故选B。答案：B2解析：根据前面“The first spot outside some Best Buy stores is usually claimed (认领) weeks in advance, often by a person in a tent.Shoppers at Walmart will print out maps of the store, with circles around their primary targets.”所举的百思买和沃尔玛两个例子可知，他们(购买者)试图把这次经历变成一次冒险。故选F。答案：F3解析：根据后面举的例子及“But this year, she came with a specific purpose: to get a good deal on a new TV.”(但今年，她带着一个明确的目标来了：买一台便宜的新电视。)中的关键词a good deal提示可知，此外，人们正在排队买便宜货。故选C。答案：C4解析：根据前句“The marriage died, not the TV， she said.”(她说：“婚姻结束了，而不是电视。”)和后句“Its going to be nice to have something thats newerand its mine, not his.” (要是能有个新鲜点的东西就好了而且是我的，不是他的)可知，这次(购物)经历给了她一种成就感。故选E。答案：E5解析：这里是本段的主题句。根据后句“The following are two of the typical results.”下面是两个典型的结果，可知，排队的人的行为引起了几十年的研究。故选G。答案：GPassage 3(2019山东青岛高三模拟)We all have days, or even weeks, on the job when our productivity declines.But if your output has been steadily decreasing, it could be because youre wasting time rather than focusing on key tasks at hand._1_Turn off your cellphoneIf youre eager to stop wasting time at the office, silence your cellphone._2_Turn on your phone only during breaks.Organize your calendarIts easy to waste time when you dont have a preset schedule outlining your days at work.But if youre guilty of not maximizing your time at the office, itll help to create a daily calendar with blocks of time for various tasks.Organize your space_3_If your desk is in a mess, carve out some time to get it organized.Throw away papers you dont need, file essential documents in some sort of order, and make your supplies more accessible.Build in breaksSometimes we waste time at work by talking to colleagues, checking text messages, or surfing the internet because our minds need a break from the constant work.If that sounds like you, then youd better schedule some breaks during the day but powering through otherwise._4_The more time you waste at work, the more your manager and peers are likely to take noticeand thats a good way to hurt your reputation and put your job at risk._5_Doing so might save you from a busy night.AAsk your manager for permission to use his office.BHere are a few steps you can take to stop wasting time at work.CInstead, clean up your act and keep searching for ways to be more efficient.DGive family members and close friends a way to reach you in an emergency.EConversations in the office are far more interesting than the work you are doing.FA messy workplace can make you inefficient even when youre trying to do better.GThis way, youll get that need out of your system so you can then go back to concentrating.【语篇解读】本文是一篇社会类说明文。工作效率太低怎么办？试试这4种方法。1解析：根据前句“But if your output has been steadily decreasing, it could be because youre wasting time rather than focusing on key tasks at hand.”但如果你的产出效率在持续下降，可能是因为你在浪费时间而非专注于手头上的重要工作，及下文内容可知，这里为承上启下句，这有一些建议可以使你在工作中减少时间的浪费。故选B。答案：B2解析：根据前句“If youre eager to stop wasting time at the office, silence your cellphone.”(当你不想在办公室继续浪费时间，那就关掉你的手机)和后句“Turn on your phone only during breaks.”(只在休息时间打开手机)，可知，在紧急情况下，给你的家人和亲密的朋友一个联系你的方法。故选D。答案：D3解析：根据小标题Organize your space(整理你的空间)，和后句“If your desk is in a mess, carve out some time to get it organized.”(如果你的办公桌乱糟糟的，挤出点时间把它整理一下)，可知，即使你想做得更好，但凌乱的工作环境会让你效率低下。故选F。答案：F4解析：根据前句“If that sounds like you, then youd better schedule some breaks during the day but powering through otherwise.”可知如果这听起来像你(的情况)，那么你最好安排一些休息时间，这样，你就可以得到休息，同时也可以重新集中注意力。故选G。答案：G5解析：根据前句“The more time you waste at work, the more your manager and peers are likely to take noticeand thats a good way to hurt your reputation and put your job at risk.”(你在工作中浪费的时间越多，你的经理和同事就越容易注意到这是一个伤害你声誉和使你的工作处于危险中的好方法)，和后句“Doing so might save you from a busy night.”(这样做可能会让你从忙碌的夜晚中解脱出来)，可知，相反，清理你的行为，继续寻找更有效的方法。故选C。答案：CPassage 4(2019深圳高三调研)Learn to Cite Sources (引用资料)During your university education, youll be exposed to ideas and scientific theories of scholars and scientists.Unavoidably, your own ideas will be shaped by the ideas you come across._1_That means you should go beyond what you learn in your textbooks or in the library.Your original work is the basis for your professors evaluation of your performance.Thus, academic honesty is fundamental in your university education.It demands that you cite the source materials you base your own work on._2_Correctly citing your sources helps you distinguish your own ideas from those of other scholars.On the readers side, it permits a reader to determine the depth of your research._3_ On the contrary, lack of citing will only raise your readers doubt.So you need to learn when to cite and how to provide an adequate or accurate reference list.If you fail to cite your sources, whether deliberately or carelessly, you will be found responsible for plagiarism (抄袭) ._4_ If you are not sure, ask your professor for guidance before submitting the paper or report.Keep in mind this general rule: when in doubt, cite!_5_ For example, students from East Asia may think that copying directly from sources is the proper way to do research.Students in France, preparing for the final examination, may be encouraged to memorize whole passages and copy them into papers.Those cultural differences can lead to false assumptions about academic expectations in the country you study in.ASome university students may cheat in different ways.BThese include other scholars ideas, figures, graphs and so on.CThe academic challenge you face is to make something original.DOften, students want to use others opinions to support their own essays.EIt also allows a reader to appreciate your ori