B6-U3Grammar(高中英语选修六第三单元语法)..ppt

,Book6Unit3Grammar:Theuseof“it”,Discovering“It”,Itrainsheavily.2.Itis20kilometersfromGranddadshousetoJames.3.ItisNovember11,2005.4.Itis9oclockatnight.5.Itllbelovelyinthegardentonight6.Itisbadtosmoke.7.Itislikelythathewillsucceed.,天气,距离,日期,时间,形式主语,环境,形式主语,it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Whereismypen?Itsontheground.2.也可以指动物或未知性别的人如婴儿等:Isthisyourdog？No,itisnt.,一、it作人称代词,Whoisknockingatthedoor?Itsme.Whoisthisbaby?Itsmyson.,It可以指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、长度、气侯、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it。1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isntit?Itisabitwindy.2.指时间:Itisnineoclocknow.3.指环境:Itisverybeautifulhere.4.指距离：Itishalfanhourswalktothecitycentrefrommyhome.,二、it作非人称代词,5.指日期：-Whatsthedatetoday?-ItsDec.15,2012.6.指季节：Itiswinternow.7.指重量：Itisabout5kilograms.8.指价值：-WhatsthecostoftheT-shirt?-Itis150yuan.,替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语置于句尾。,三、it用作形式主语,（1）It+be+adj.forsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerousItsimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisillegal（forateenager）todriveacarwithoutalicense.,1.代作主语的动词不定式,（2）It+be+adj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.,Itsnogood/usedoingIts（well）worthdoingItsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.,(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型,2.it作形式主语替代主语从句,Itisclear(obvious，true，possible,certain)that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然,真的）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：Itisveryclearthatheslying.,It+is+adj.+thatclause,Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known.)thatclause.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）”。Itissaidthatheisathief.Itisknowntoallthatheisathief.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.,Itisv-edthatclause,Itis+noun+从句,Itisapity(ashame/asurprise/.)that.该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：Itisashamethatsuchathing(should)happeninourclass.这种事竟然发生在我们班上，真是太丢人了！Itisapitythathehasntcomeyet.他还没有来，真遗憾！,四、it作形式宾语,当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it作形式宾语，常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。,Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.我认为和他争吵没有用。IfounditverydifficulttostudyEnglish.我发现学英语非常难。HemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinEnglish.他非常清楚地表示他对英语不感兴趣。,注意：有些动词如appreciate,like,dislike,love,hate,dependon,seeto(务必),counton(指望)等，在其后面不能直接跟宾语从句，而需要先加形式宾语it,然后再加宾语从句。Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.Youcantcountonitthathewillhelpyou.Pleaseseetoitthatyoubringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinEnglishonthephone.Youcandependonitthatheisveryclever.,五、用于强调句型中,Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that.,ImetTomintheparkyesterday.,1)ItwasIwhometTomintheparkyesterday.,2)ItwasTomwhoImetintheparkyesterday.,3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.,4)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.,Itwasatfiveoclock_Igothome.Itwasfiveoclock_Igothome.,when,that,强调句,非强调句,强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用that和whowhom皆可）Itwasshewhothathadbeenwrong是她错了。()ItwasthegirlwhomthatImetjustnow我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。()ItwasTomtowhomtheteacherhadtalked老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。（）ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（）,主语,宾语,介词宾语,时间状语,Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“直到才”，可以说是not.until.的强调形式。例如:ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.,六、It常用的固定搭配,makeit（1）makeit及时赶到;成功;办成e.g.Youcanmakeitifyouhurry.如果你赶快还可以及时赶到。Youneedntworry;hewillmakeit.你不必担心,他会办到的。（2）在口语中，表示“约定好时间”例Shallwemeetnextweek？OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.,2.takeit/thingseasy相当于Dontworryordonthurry.用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”Takeiteasy！Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中，相当于ithasntbeendecidedyet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday？It/Thatalldepends.4.Itsuptosb.在口语中，相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示“由决定，由负责，取决于”Shallwegooutfordinner？Itsuptoyou.,七.It的一些习惯用法Howisitwithyourstudy?学习好吗？Thatsit.这就对了。Itwenthardwithhim.他身遇不幸。Itisalloverwithme.我完蛋了。Wemustfightitout.我们必须坚持到底。,I.单项选择1.Hedidntmake_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these2._wasTomwhokilledthewoman.A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It,高考实例,3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didnthelp.(全国卷II)A.itB.sheC.whichD.he4.Idappreciate_ifyouwouldliketoteach