高考英语二轮复习 语法名词性从句 ppt

名词性从句,概述：名词从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句。名词性从句均不能用逗号与句子的其他成份隔断，从句中的主谓语不能用倒装语序。引导词有：连接词that, if, whether,as if;疑问代词who, whom, what, which疑问副词when, where, how, why等。从属连词that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；whether（if）,as if虽有词义，但在从句中也不担任成分。,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,主语从句做主句的主语。如：What we have done is in the interest of the people.1) 引导主语从句的词有： 连词：that, whether 代词：what, who, which 副词：when, where, how, why,主语从句,例如： That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. Whether he will come or not is not yet known. Who will go is not important. What we need is more practice. Whoever is here gets a prize. Whatever I have done is only for you. When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided. Why he failed the physics exam wasnt clear. Where he has been is still a puzzle. How Thomas Edison became a great inventor is known to all.,由于主语从句位于句首，句子常显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子后部，句首用引导词it来作形式主语。如： It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake. Its reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident. It doesnt matter whether hell come or not. It happened that I didnt take any money with me. It seems that our football team will win the match.,(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that已证实 It is said that 据说,it作形式主语的结构,4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.,It is right what you said yesterday.,宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1）引导宾语从句的词有：连词：that, whether, if代词：who, whose, what, which副词：when, where, how, why例如：I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for peoples health.I wonder if you can do me a favour.I wonder what has happened to her.,He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.I wonder why she refused my invention.Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong?Would you please tell me how I can finish the work in the shortest possible time.Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school. It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.,2) that的省略A在口语及非正式文体中，that常省略。如：,Bthat不能省略的情况： 一、句中的动词后接两个或两个以上的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。二、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如：三.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。四、当that宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that 不可省。如：,He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand.Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth. I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice,. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。,. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.在 like,dislike, love, hate, appreciate, enjoy 等后常用it作形式宾语,后接that / where/when/if等引导的句子。 I like it that everything is tidy.I hate it if people shout loudly in public.,. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,四同位语从句,1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体 内容， 一般由 that引导，例如： The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：,The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,LEVEL 21.what / thata._ he said at the meeting surprised us.b._ he spoke at the meeting surprised us.2. if / whether _you go or stay at home wont make any differences. 3.it What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, for4.no matter how/who/what/where/when We are ready to do _ the country wants us to do. A. what B. which C. no matter what D. whatever 5.能告诉我你怎么了吗? Can you tell me_?,What,That,Whether,B,D,what is the matter with you,1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than we have.A. What,what B. What,that C. That, that D. That,what3.(NMET 2001春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which4.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where,D,A,D,B,A,6.(上海2002) Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats it takes to do anything well.A. what B. that C. which D.why7.(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure.A.that B. one C.it D. what8.(上海2002) Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C. of which D.what9.(上海2003) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need .A.that, to be improved B. which, to be improvedC.where, improving D.when, improving,A,B,A,A,1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus,5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that6.I took _ for granted that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so7.I wish I _ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone,8. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. When B. which C. where D. what 9. -What did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do _ I think I should.When B. that C. how D. what10. - Could you do me a favor?- It depends on _ it is.A. Which B. whichever C. what D. whatever,11.Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.who; / B. /