2019_2020学年高中英语Unit14Careers单元质量检测（二）（含解析）北师大版必修5.docx

单元质量检测（二）(时间：100分钟满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANursing is a popular choice for students who desire a practical and professional degree that will allow them to help people.Here are some best colleges for a degree in nursing.Simmons CollegeSimmons College is a private womens college founded in Boston in 1899.Nursing is a topranking major at the college as well as the most popular.The average nursing graduate from Simmons makes $58,000 in their early career.Villanova UniversityVillanova is a private research university located in Philadelphia.Nursing is a popular major, and students are offered an online degree as well.The average nursing graduate from Villanova makes $63,000 in their early career.University of CaliforniaLos Angeles (UCLA)The UCLA School of Nursing is known for its excellent education provided by some leaders in the medical field.The fouryear programs allow students to focus on medical issues through classroom learning and clinical training.Completion of theBS.(理学士) degree in nursing prepares students for the National Council Licensing Examination or continuation of the masters or doctoral degrees at UCLA.A nursing degree from UCLA leads to positions in various hospitals, clinics and medical institutions, with the midcareer salary averaging $86,000.Fairfield UniversityFounded in 1942, Fairfield University is a liberal arts university rooted in the Jesuit, Catholic tradition.The School of Nursing offers established programs at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.TheBS.programs equip students with skills and ethics (道德规范) to prepare them for the medical field.At most 10 students are taught in a class using the latest medical technology to provide a strong theorybased knowledge.Graduates of Fairfield find numerous employment opportunities within the field and earn an average starting salary of $62,000 and midcareer salary of $83,000.语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了有护理专业的最好的四所大学，以及有关这四所大学护理专业学生就业前景的情况。1Where should Mary go for a degree in nursing if she is busy looking after children at home?ASimmons College.BVillanova University.CThe UCLA School of Nursing.DFairfield University.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段的“Nursing is a popular major, and students are offered an online degree as well.”可知，该所大学的护理专业学生可以通过远程教育获得学位，因此，如果Mary边在家照顾孩子边学习的话，那就选择Villanova University。2What do we know about the UCLA School of Nursing?AIts university fee is the highest.BIt is devoted to theBS.degree alone.CIt provides theoretical and practical learning.DIts nursing students are only in demand in hospitals.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段的“The fouryear programs allow students to focus on medical issues through classroom learning and clinical training”可知，UCLA护理学院提供课堂学习和临床训练，即理论和实践学习。3What is special about Fairfield University?AIt is the most promising university of all.BIt provides numerous employment opportunities.CIt focuses on programs at the graduate levels.DIt has smallsized classes for nursing students.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段的“At most 10 students are taught in a class using the latest medical technology to provide a strong theorybased knowledge”可知，该大学的护理专业一个班最多有10名学生，实行的是小班教学，这是该大学的与众不同之处。BFor years, tech companies, banks and even traditional industrial companies have been hiring programmers, software developers and computer scientists as fast as they can find them. Since 2010, there has been a 59 percent leap in jobs for software application developers in the US. and a 15 percent jump in pay, to an average D|S102,300 in 2014. Reports about tech engineers earning more than professional athletes keep making headlines.There were 59,581 graduates in computer and information sciences in US. colleges and universities in 2015. While that number grew 7.8 percent from the year earlier, it does not seem to be keeping up with demand from employers reports. A new study indicates that both students and employers are finding a way around the problem: making use of less obvious career pathways that lead to software jobs anyway. The study tracked the career choices of 1.2 million college graduates from 2010 to 2013. Among its findings: many people working as computer scientists, software developers and programmers used their college years not to major (主修) in computer programming or software development, but to major in traditional sciences or other types of engineering.At Indiana University Bloomington, dozens of math and science majors have been winning softwarerelated jobs after graduation. Bioinformatics (生物信息学) companies such as Cerner and Epic Systems have been eager to hire biology majors who picked up coding (编程) skills without majoring in computer science. General Motors has been employing math majors as software testers and software developers. Math majors are in demand at Microsoft too.Widening the range of majors also helps create a workforce with more diverse perspectives. Luke Kanies, who majored in chemistry, has been working at Puppet Labs. He and his colleagues test software the same way chemists test their theoretical models.语篇解读：本文是说明文。为了应对计算机科学人才紧缺的情况，美国众多公司聘用非计算机专业的毕业生从事计算机相关工作。4What mainly affects employment trends according to the text?ADevelopment of computer science.BStudents choices of majors in college.CIncreasing profits of traditional industries.DEmployers needs for certain professionals.解析：选D细节理解题。由第一段可知，科技公司、银行和传统工业公司对程序员、软件开发员和计算机科学家的需求加大，导致这类职业紧俏，工资待遇相对提高，从而会有更多的学生选择相关专业进行学习；由此可知，大体上看，是雇主对某些专业人员的需求影响着就业趋势。5What can we learn from the second paragraph?AEngineering students could adapt to software jobs well.BThe graduates tracked didnt study computer in college.CThe growth rate of majors in computer was unexpected.DMost graduates chose to work in computingbased fields.解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段的“both students and employers are finding a way around the problem: making use of less obvious career pathways that lead to software jobs anyway”和最后一句可知，很多从事计算机相关工作的毕业生所学专业为传统科学或其他工程类专业；故选A。6What might be noncomputerscience majors advantage in the computerrelated job market?ARather higher salaries.BTheir broad knowledge.CLess time spent on training.DTheir being expert in theoretical basis.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段可知，一些公司也会特别雇用一些如生物或数学等特定专业的毕业生从事计算机相关的工作，同时结合最后一段的第一句及所举例子可推知，非主修计算机科学的人在计算机相关就业市场的优势是，相对于单一计算机专业背景的职员来说，他们有着更加广博的知识。7What does the author try to indicate in the text?AComputerrelated companies pay well in general.BBig companies are openminded on their workers skills.CYou dont have to study computer science to make it as a career.DPeople studying other subjects are much in demand as programmers.解析：选C推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者通过研究数据和一些例子说明，许多不是主修计算机科学的人也能从事计算机相关的工作。也就是说，即使你不是主修计算机科学的，你也可以把它当作自己的职业。CYou may not look forward to sleeping less as you get older.But maybe it wouldnt seem as bad if you knew it once played an important role in human survival. A new study suggests that the way sleep patterns change with age may be an evolutionary (进化的) adaptation that helped our ancestors survive the night by making sure one person in a community was awake at all times.The researchers called this phenomenon the“poorly sleeping grandparent hypothesis (假说)，” suggesting that an older member of a community who woke before dawn might have been vital for spotting the threat of a hungry predator (捕食性动物) while younger people were still asleep.“We may be looking at just another reason why grandparents were important in human evolution，”said Alyssa Crittenden, an author of the study.Researchers analyzed the sleep patterns of a society of huntergatherers in Tanzania called the Hadza. Thirtythree members of the Hadza community wore small watchlike tracking devices (装置) on their wrists for twenty days.The Hadza sleeping environment may have similarities to that of earlier humans, researchers said. They sleep outdoors or in grass huts in groups of twenty to thirty people without artificially regulating temperature or light. These conditions provide a suitable window to study the evolutionary aspects of sleep.Out of more than 220 total hours of sleep observation, researchers found only eighteen minutes when all adults were heavily asleep at the same time. Typically, older participants in their 50s and 60s went to bed earlier and woke up earlier than those in their 20s and 30s. On average, more than a third of the group was awake, or half asleep, at any given time.The researchers hope these findings will cast new light on agerelated sleep disorders and normalize the changes in sleep patterns.“We have a tendency to overcategorize things as disorders in the West，”said David Samson, an author of the study.“It might help elderly people to know changes theyre experiencing have an evolutionary reason.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，老年人睡眠减少可能是人类在进化过程中对群体夜间安全的一种保护。8.For our ancestors, what may be the importance of sleeping less when getting older?AHelping the young find better food sources.BEnsuring the safety of the whole community.CImproving the sleep quality of younger people.DLetting older people form healthy sleep patterns.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it once played an important role in human survival”和第二段中的“an older member of a community . spotting the threat of a hungry predator”可知，老年人睡眠时间短可能与原始社会中人类为了生存的原因有关。我们的祖先中有老者在拂晓前就起床，是为了保证群体的安全。9Why were the huntergatherers in Tanzania chosen as study subjects?AThey are unfamiliar with tracking devices.BThere are suitable windows in their grass huts.CMost of them usually wake up early in the morning.DTheir sleeping conditions are similar to primitive peoples.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The Hadza sleeping environment may have similarities to that of earlier humans”和“These conditions provide a suitable window to study the evolutionary aspects of sleep”可知，坦桑尼亚的这些猎人和采集者被选作研究对象是因为他们的睡眠条件与原始人接近。10What did researchers find out about the community at night?APart of it nearly always stayed watchful.BYounger adults slept less than the older ones.CMost of the community members slept lightly.DIts members usually had a short period of deep sleep.解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Out of more than 220 total hours of sleep observation, researchers found only eighteen minutes when all adults were heavily asleep at the same time”可知，研究者发现，夜间这个群体总有部分成员保持警觉。11How does Samson feel about agerelated sleeplessness?AIt can be cured.BIt may be normal.CIt is linked to illness. DIt is a social problem.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We have a tendency to overcategorize things as disorders”可以推知，Samson认为与年龄相关的失眠应该是正常的。DToo often, career choices are based on salaries or earning potential. But will choosing a career based on this standard determine your success? How can you ensure youll like what you are doing?Be true to your motivators (激励因素). Career Anchors: SelfAssessment, developed by Edgar H. Schein, a professor at MITs Sloan School of Management, is one tool aimed to help you assess your ability, motives and values related to your work choices. There are eight motivators to help you better understand what is important in your career. By the way, money is not one of the motivators.Passion (热爱). Passion cannot be ignored. When asked what contributes to their success, successful professionals will likely answer that they love what they do. Eric Stutzke, executive vice president of Finance & Operations at OneWire, a career site for finance professionals, says those who truly love the financial world will easily adapt and succeed.Company culture and people. Once you have discovered a career, begin looking at the company culture and people who work in that area. While the job might fit, some company cultures may not line up with what is important to you. The best way to get this information is to speak with people who presently work for the company or recently worked there.Learn by doing. All your research can help direct you in the correct direction, but sometimes experience is the best teacher. A temporary job can give you handson experience that can go a long way in helping you make the right choice. If you dont like the job, its better to know this sooner rather than later. Dont_rule_it_out_altogether,_because your experience may not have been typical. Ask trusted advisors or friends to help you assess the situation before removing some of your options (选择)语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章介绍了我们在选择职业道路时应考虑的几个因素。12Who is the book Career Anchors: SelfAssessment intended for?APeople wanting to become more competitive.BPeople wanting to make more money.CPeople wanting a career assessment.DPeople wanting more motivators.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Career Anchors: SelfAssessment . is one tool aimed to help you assess your ability, motives and values related to your work choices”可知，这本书帮助读者进行与职业选择相关的自我测评，故可推知这本书是为想进行职业测评的人编写的。13What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Eric Stutzkes statement?APassion contributes to our career success.BLoving the financial world really matters.CBoth money and passion cannot be ignored.DIts important to adapt to a new environment.解析：选A推理判断题。第三段主要是说对工作的热爱有助于在职业上取得成功，作者引用Eric Stutzke所说的话是为了举例说明。14What does “Dont rule it out altogether” in the last paragraph mean?ADont give up a job easily.BDont remove all your options.CAsk advisors or friends for help.DGather more valuable social experience.解析：选A句意理解题。rule out意为“排除在外，不予考虑”，结合句子所在语境可知，如果你对一份工作不喜欢，早知道这点比晚知道的好，但是，不要完全就不考虑这份工作了，因为有可能是你的工作经历不具有代表性，还应该寻求他人的帮助，对情况进行评估，由此推知该句意为：不要轻易放弃一份工作。15Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo encourage us to love our job.BTo tell us how to find a job easily.CTo help us choose a right career path.DTo show the value of the company culture.解析：选C写作意图题。文章介绍了我们在选择职业时应考虑的几个因素，旨在帮助我们做出正确的职业选择。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you were a basketball coach and you ignored your goal to win a championship and focused only on what your team did each day, would you still get results? I think you would._16_When youre working toward a goal, in fact you are saying, “Although Im not good enough, I will work hard to reach my goal. Once I achieve my goal, then Ill be successful and happy.” That means that youre always teaching yourself to put happiness and success off until the next important goal is achieved. _17_ Can you imagine what it would be like to make it my goal to write two books this year? Just writing some sentences can make me feel worried.You may think your goal will keep you motivated (有动机的) over the long term, but thats not always true. _18_ Many people will work hard for months, but as soon as they finish the race, they stop training. Their goal is to finish the halfmarathon. And now that they have completed it, that goal is no longer there to motivate them. When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal, what is left to push you forward after you achieve it? This can create a type of “yoyo effect”_19_ This type of cycle makes it difficult to build upon your progress for the long term.Goals can provide direction and even push you forward in the short term, but eventually a welldesigned course of action will always win. _20_ Committing to the process is what makes the difference.AHaving a course of action is what matters.BConsider someone training for a halfmarathon.CWe all have things that we want to achieve in our life.DChoosing a goal puts a huge burden on your shoulders.EWhats the difference between goals and courses of action?FPeople go back and forth from working on a goal to not working on one.GLets talk about why you should focus on the courses of action instead of goals.语篇解读：本文是说明文。人们常说要成功，首先要树立目标，而本文告诉我们比起树立目标，拥有精心设计的行动方案可能更重要。16解析：选G本空引出下文的内容：为什么我们更应该关注行动方案而不是目标。17解析：选D根据本空后举例可知，此处谈及设立目标会让我们承担很大的负担。18解析：选B根据本空后的内容可知，此处是指假设有一个人正在为参加半程马拉松比赛而训练。而空后内容也对后续可能出现的状况进行了进一步说明。19解析：选F本空是对上句中的“a type ofyoyo effect”进行说明。这种悠悠球效应是指人们在某个目标上要不要努力摇摆不定。20解析：选A本空与上句构成顺接关系，即：真正重要的还是要有一项行动方案。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Wallace Johnson, builder of many Holiday Inn motels, has an interesting story to tell.“When I was forty years old, I _21_ in a factory，” he said.“One morning the boss told me, Youre _22_！” Depressed and discouraged, I felt like the world had caved in on me.It was _23_ the Depression, and my wife and I _24_ needed the small wages I had been _25_.”When I arrived home, I told my wife what had _26_. She said, “What are you going to do now？”I replied, “Im going to mortgage (抵押) our little home, and go into the _27_ business.” My first _28_ was the building of two small buildings.Within five years, I was a multimillionaire!“Today, if I could _29_ the man who fired me, I would sincerely thank him for what he did.At the time it happened, I didnt understand _30_ I was fired. Later, I saw that it was a _31_ plan to get me into the way of his choosing！”Not all who _32_ and overcome unfavorable (不利的) conditions become multimillionaires.Most of course dont.There are, however, much greater riches in life than _33_， and all who accept their conditions, no matter how _34_ they are, will without question profit greatly from their experiences.It takes suffering to _35_ us patience; suffering to teach us sympathy; sorrow to teach us understanding; despair to teach us _36_； defeat to teach us courage; hardship to teach us strength; and so on.Any _37_ can be turned into gain when we are willing to be _38_ always; pray continually; give thanks in all conditions.Acceptance, trust, thanksgiving, plus determination, are all _39_ to turn problems into profit.