初中详细英语语法介词讲解.ppt

介词的种类,一.表示时间介词,三.表示方位介词,二.表示地点介词,四.表示方法、手段,五.常见介词的搭配,介词1.是一种用来表示:词与词,:词与句之间的关系的词。2.在句中不能单独作句子成分介词后面一般有:名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。,介词的含义,on,down,under,up,below,over,above,bewteen,什么是介词？它的作用是什么？,1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.(),代词,名词,动名词,介词:通常用在_、_、_之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_。,名词,代词,名词,动名词,关系,介词的主要分类：,1.atthecinema,inthehospital_2.Writewithapen,gobybus_3.insummer,onSeptemper1st_4.bytheway,atlast,intheend_,地点介词,方式介词,时间介词,固定搭配,一.时间介词,1.,注意：atnoon在中午atnight在夜间inthemorning在早上onthemorningofJuly1st在七月一日的早上onarainyday在雨天,.地点介词,At:表示小地方用,In:表示大地方用,一.地点介词,1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet._2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace_3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor_,表示小地方用at,表示大地方用in,表示不同地方用具体不同的介词,填上正确的地点介词：,1.在广州_Guangzhou2.在电影院_thecinema3.在湖边_thelake4.在海里_thesea5.树上的苹果apples_thetree6.书上的小鸟birds_thetree7.在天空上_thesky8.在农场上_thefarm19.在街道上_thestreet,in,at,at,in,on,in,in,on,in,表示大地方用in,方式介词,使用工具用介词with,使用器官用介词with,使用语言用介词in,使用声音用介词in,使用方法用介词in或by,二.方式介词,1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock_2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths_3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage_4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice_5.inthisway,bythismeans_,使用工具用介词with,使用器官用介词with,使用语言用介词in,使用声音用介词in,使用方法用介词in或by,6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar(onfoot)byland陆路，bysea水路，byair空运_但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar7.Shanghailies_theeastofChina.()Japanlies_theeastofChina.()Hubeilies_thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite_9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在阳光下）underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）,使用交通工具用by,in,to,on,在中国内部,在中国外部,两地接壤,表示穿衣服用in,固定搭配,(),三.时间介词,1.atsixoclock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night_2.onSunday,onNewYearsDay,onMarch21st,onmybirthday_3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998_4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_heday=inthe_,表示点钟或具体一点时间用at,表示在某一天用on,表示大于一天的时间用in,在早上/下午/傍晚用in,in,the,day-time,1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis_themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn_aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived_5oclock_themorning.A.on,inB.at,inC.at,in4.Wefinishourlessons_11:30andthenhavearest_noon.A.in,inB.at,atC.in,at,2.in+时间段在之后（内），多用于将来时after+时间段在之后，多用于过去时1.MrBrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback_twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback_anhour.A.inB.afterC.at,3.for+时段since+时段+agosince+时间点since+一般过去时句子,常用于现在完成时,1.Hecamehere_1992,andhehaslivedhere_1992.A.in,forB.in,sinceC.since,since2.IhaveknownLiLei_overfiveyears.A.inB.sinceC.for,3.Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehe_here.A.comeB.cameC.comes4.Theoldmanhasbeenaway_twoyearsago.A.inB.sinceC.for,4.before在之前by到时为止,不迟于1.Hewontcomeback_five.A.beforeB.afterC.by2.Theworkmustbefinished_Friday.A.atB.byC.after3.Wehadthreemeetings_lastFriday.A.inB.beforeC.by,2.above在上方below在下方,是above的反义词1.Thetemperaturewillfall_zeroatnight.A.belowB.aboveC.over2.Suddenlythereisaloudvoice_thetree.A.belowB.aboveC.on3.Thereisaclockonthewall.Its_theblackboard.A.onB.inC.above,二.地点介词,1.on在的上面,与表面接触over在的正上方,不接触表面under在下面(是on,over的反义词)1.Look!Thereisabridge_theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg_theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight_usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on,4.Aroadis_ourcityandthereismuchtraffic_it.A.on,overB.above,onC.over,on5.Thesunrose_thehorizon(地平线).A.onB.aboveC.over注意:on接触平面over在平面的正上方above在上方,3.in+大地方at+小地方on+门牌，某层楼1.Myunclelive_F12_thefifthfloor.A.at,onB.in,onC.on,at2.Theyarrived_Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus_thestationtothehotel.A.at,inB.in,onC.in,at,表示在上时，不是都用on，有时须用in。在树上inthetree用于指树上的鸟、人等。onthetree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。在墙上inthewall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。onthewall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在报纸上inthenewspaper用于指报上的内容。onthenewspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。,in,on,2.,1.Weare_TeamOne.Isit_thefrontoftheclassroom.LiPingis_myleft.A.on,in,atB.in,in,atC.in,at,on2.Ihaveagoodseat.Isit_thebus.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof3.Theteacherisstanding_ourclassandgiveatalk.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof,3.to表目的地或去的目的for动身去某地1.Hegotonatrain_Shanghai.A.toB.forC.towards2.Wilyoutakeatrain_Tianjian.A.toB.forC.at3.Imleaving_Beijingnextweek.A.toB.forC.towards,1.in在某范围之内to在某范围之内on与某地相邻、接壤1.Chinalies_theeastofAsiaand_thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais_thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to,三.方位介词,4.cross表面穿过through中间穿过1.Thesunshinecomeintotheroom_thewindow.A.acrossB.throughC.past2.Youcango_theroadhere.A.acrossB.throughC.past3.Canyouswim_theriver.A.acrossB.throughC.past,常用易混淆介词辨析,after/in皆可表示时间在之后，其区别为：after.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wellgooutforawalkaftersupper.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wellgotoschoolintwoweeks.,between/among1)between多指两者之间。如：Whatsthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在中间，在之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意：我们可以说betweenyouandme，但不能说betweenyouandI，因为between是介词。3)between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.,between,besides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang（除之外，还有）全部计算在内WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.（除之外，不计算在内）Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema_Kangkang,why?Becausehehadabadcold.AExceptBbesidesCBesideDwithout,【解析】except“除之外”，排除在外的意思；besides“除之外”，包含在内；beside“在旁边”；without“没有”。根据题意可知用except，故选A。,over表示与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表示“正下方”。Theskyisoverourheads.天空在我们头顶上。Thecatisunderthetable.那只猫在桌子底下。above表示“在的上方”，“高于”；below与其相对，表示“在的下面”，“低于”。Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime，butatnightitwillfallbelowzeroagain.白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。Theyputsomeflowersontheteachersdesk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。,over,above,on,1.cross作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与goacross同义。cross作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物”的意思。2.across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思。与cross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。,cross，across,through,3.through是介词，“在.之中，透过”的意思，常与go,walk等动词连用，主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等,1.Wemust_theroadverycarefully.2.Beforegoing_theroad,youshouldlookleftfirstandthenright.3.Itrytogetintotheroom_thewindowbecauseIcantopenthedoor.4.Theydrove_thestreetquickly,butthepolicecaughtthematlast.5.Itsdangeroustoswim_theriver.6.Go_thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.,cross,across,across,across,across,through,infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.在楼前有一些高树。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老师坐在教室前面,infrontof,inthefrontof,aboveoveronbelowunder,above,over,below,under,on,Becareful,thereisaheavybox_yourhead.Thesunis_themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_thedesk.Thepositionhepointedtowas_thesealevel.Thelittlemouseis_thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.,over,above,on,abovebelow,under,表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for时间段”或“since过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?你在这座城市待了多久了？Fortenyears.十年。MrSmithhaslivedheresince1998.史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。,since,for,单词拼写:,1.Thereare_(超过)sixtystudentsinourclass.2.Fishcantlive_(没有)water.3.Wehaventseeneachotherforalongtime_(自从)wemetlasttime.4.Doyouworryabout_(他们)?5.Whos_(值日)dutytoday?6.Haveyoupaid_(付款)thebook?7.Pleaseturn_(关掉)thelights.8.Itsbadforyourhealthtogotoschool_(不吃)breakfast.,over,without,since,them,on,for,off,without,1.Weusuallyhavelunch_noon.2.LinTaowasborn_February18th.3.Annsits_myright,_Katesleft.Shesits_us.4.Myfatherisleaving_Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_eachother.,at,on,on,on,between,for,from,用适当的介词填空,6.Theywent_thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_ourhands._theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_theothers.9.Bekind_people.Dontshout_people.10.Lastmonthheworked_ateacher_threeweeks.,through,with,At,with,to,at,as,for,1.Hisfatherisveryangry_himhisstudy.A.at，withB.with，atC.to，aboutD.about，to2.Paperismade_wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in3.Thebasketisfull_apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by4.Katecantcome.LetsaskweiHuainstead_her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with5.Theheavyrainstoppedme_gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.for,B,A,B,A,B,6.LiLidasparentsareveryproud_theirson.A.toB.inC.forD.of7.Thefoxlookedup_acocksittingthetree.A.to，inB.at,inC.for，onD.at，on8.Pleasewait_thebusstopnearmyhome.A.forB.atC.nextD.infront9.Whereisyourbikemade_?A.inB.fromC.ofD./10.Whentheredlightison，itsdangeroustogo_thestreet.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.to,D,B,B,D,A,11.Heisrich_unhappy.A.orB.andC.soD.but12.Takearest_youfinishthework.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while13.Youcantpasstheexam,_youstudyhard.A.ifB.ofC.unlessD.and14._ourteamtriedbest,_wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/15.Dontgetoff_thebusstops.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.so,D,B,D,C,C,16.Thereisagoodplay_TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in17.Howfarisit_Guangzhou_Beijing?A.fromtoB.fromforC.awayto18.Japanlies_theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.on19.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback_towweeks.A.forB.afterC.in20.A:Whattimedidyougettherethismorning?B:_eight.A.InB.AtC.On21.Weallagree_you.Letsstartatonce.A.toB.forC.with,A,A,A,C,B,C,22.Myauntarrivedhere_awarmspringmorning.A.inB.atC.on,23.A:Whendidyourunclearrive_China?B:HegottoGuangzhou_themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on24.Hawaiiisfamous_itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with25.Wemuststopchildrenfrom_withfire.A.playB.playedC.playing,C,A,B,C,26.Look,Tinaiswaiting_thebusstop.AforBatCinDTo27.Whatwouldyouliketodo_suchabadboy?AwithBonCatDin28.Theyoungmanwalked_theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.AonBoverCthroughDacross29.Thefood_mycountryisquitedifferent_thathere.Ain;likeBto;fromCfrom;toDin;from30.Taiwanisabeautifulislandandits_theeastofFujian.AinBonCto,B,A,C,D,C,31.Itissaidthatanewzoowillbebuiltinourtown.Im_it.Zoosareterribleforanimals.AthroughBbesidesCagainstDexcept32.Whenwillthepartybeheld?_twoweekstime,_15thJuly.A.In;onB.In;inC.On;onD.At;on33.LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish_chattingwithherAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with34.Youlooktired._workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.A.AheadofB.InsteadofC.InfrontofD.Inspiteof35.Lastnighthehadabedtosleep_，butIhadonlyachairtosit_.A.in;onB./;/C.on;inD.in;to,A,C,B,A,B,36.WhenIgotintotheroom，Suewasbusytalking_thephone.A.withB.onC.toD.in37.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Yes,andpleasegetmesomemilk