高中英语课文理解必修1-2

高中英语课文理解必修1-2,TheRoadtoModernEnglish,Task1Skimthroughthearticleandfindthemainideaforeachpart.part1TheEnglishspokeninSouthAsiapart2ThereasonsforthechangesinEnglishpart3ThesettlementoftheEnglishlanguagepart4MoreEnglishspeakerspart5Notroubleinunderstandingfornativespeakers,Fast-reading,Carefullyreadthroughthepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury.EnglishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametoBritain.Languagesfrequentlychange.Thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.ThisreadingdescribesthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.,Careful-reading,1.Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.简单句，第一句主谓宾结构，第二句主谓结构。attheendof“在的末/尽头”；million“百万”。译：在街道的尽头聚集着数百万人听Lincoln演讲。_(million)ofpeoplegatheredattheendofthestreet,_(listen)toLincolnsspeech.,SentenceAnalysis,Millions,listening,句式变化1,1.Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish,nearlyallof_livedinEngland.,whom,2.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.并列句，并列连词and连接两个分句。makevoyages“航海（旅行）”；tobespoken“被讲/说”，作began的宾语。译：郑和的一生中作了多次航海旅行，开创了明朝和南亚、东南亚、西亚的贸易往来。ZhengHemadeseveral_(voyage)inhislifetimeandthetradebetweentheMingDynastyandthecountriesinSouthAsia,SoutheastAsiaandWestAsiabegan_(develop).,tobedeveloped,voyages,句式变化2,2.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld,becauseof_Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.,which,3.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.简单句，主谓宾结构。morethaneverbefore“比以前更多”；speakas“把当成来说”。译：现在比以前有更多的中国学生把英语作为一门重要课程来学习。NowadaysmoreChinesestudentsare_(learn)Englishasanimportantsubjectthaneverbefore.,learning,4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.主从复合句，evenif引导让步状语从句。evenif=eventhough“即使（也）”，且与although/though/while“虽然”意义接近，但语气却更强烈。译：即使你以前英语学得不好，我认为只要你努力，你也能学好英语的。Evenifyoufailed_(study)Englishwellinthepast,inmyview,youcanlearnEnglishwellsolongasyouworkhard(atit).,tostudy,4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.WhiletheyspeakEnglishalittle_(difference),nativeEnglishspeakersalmosthavenotroublein_(understand)eachother.,句式变化3,differently,understanding,5.Lookatthisexample:BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.Idliketocomeuptoyourapartment.祈使句+情景对话。wouldliketodosth.“愿意做某事”；comeup(tosp./sb.)“走近；被提出”。译：你愿意一个更好的计划在明天的会上被提出吗？Wouldyoulikeitthatabetterplan_(comeup)attomorrowsmeeting?,willcomeup,6.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?简单句，主谓结构。overtime“在一段时间里”，介词over意为“在期间”。overlunch/dinner“在吃午餐/正餐时”overtheNewYear/theNationalDay“在春节/国庆节期间”over=during/inthepast20years“在过去20年里”译：岁月磨白了他们的头发，但他们的爱却依然如故。Thehairontheirheadshasturnedgrayovertimebuttheirlove_(remain)thesameasbefore.,remains,7.Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句。actuallyadv.“事实上，实际上”，近义词组有：infact/inpractice/ineffect/inreality/asamatteroffact译：虽然英语是很重要的，但事实上要学好英语却不容易。Englishisofgreatimportance,butitis_(actual)noteasytolearnitwell.,actually,8.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.简单句，主系表结构，句中的两个spoken都是过去分词短语作后置定语。English=theEnglishlanguage“英语（语言）”，而句中出现在spoken短语前的theEnglish却表示“特定的英语”。译：就在美国，居住在东部的人与居住在西部的人说的英语都有些不一样。EvenintheUSA,theEnglishspokenbytheeasternersisalittledifferentfrom_spokenbythewesterners.,that,9.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.主从复合句，wespeakatpresent是定语从句修饰先行词theEnglish,由于先行词在定语从句内作speak的宾语，所以关系代词that/which被省略。bebasedonsth.“以为基础”；moreAthanB“与其说是B还不如说是A”。译：与其说她生气了，还不如说她非常恼怒。Sheismoreannoyedthanangry.=Sheisveryannoyed_angry.,ratherthan,9.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ItwasbasedonGermanratherthantheEnglish_(speak)atthepresenttime.,句式变化4,spoken,10.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.主从复合句，because引导原因状语从句，who引导定语从句。lesspron.&adv.“更少，较少”Ant.more，修饰介词词组或不可数名词或形容词或副词。lessthan“少于”Ant.morethan，nolessthan“不少于，多达”。译：既然他们的质量都是一样的，我宁愿买较便宜的那款。Sincetheyareofthesamequality,Iwouldratherbuythe_(expensive)type.,lessexpensive,11.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.简单句，主谓宾结构。enrich:en+rich(adj.),vt.makesth.becomerich“丰富”enlarge:en+large(adj.),vt.makesth.becomelarger“扩大”deepen:deep(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.deeper“加深”widen:wide(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.wider“加宽”broaden:broad(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.broader“拓宽”lighten:light(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.lighter“减轻”,makeuseofsth.todosth.“利用来做某事”=usesthtodosthmakegood/fulluseof“充分利用”；makethebest/mostof“充分利用”。译1：应该运用更好的教学方法来减轻课业负担。Betterteachingmethodsshouldbemadeuseof_(lighten)theburdenofstudentsschoolwork.译2：应该充分利用零碎的时间来记忆英语单词和短语。Fulluseshouldbemadeoffragmentarytime_(memorize)Englishwordsandexpressions.,tolighten,tomemorize,12.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.简单句，主谓宾结构。movevi.“搬家，搬迁”move(from)to（从）搬迁到movesb.(from)to把某人（从）调动到译：上星期一他举家搬迁到重庆，因为他调到重庆公安局了。LastMondayhetogetherwithhiswholefamilymovedtoChongqingbecausehe_(move)toChongqingPublicSecurityBureau.,hadbeenmoved,13.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.简单句，主谓（宾）结构。settlevt.&vi.解决，确定；定居；安静下来；结算settleanargument解决争论；settlethebill结账；settledownto(doing)sth.定下心来做某事；settlein/intosth.适应译：适应了新学校的生活以后，你应该定下心来认真学习。After_(settle)intothelifeofthenewschool,youshouldsettledowntoyourschoolwork.,settling,14.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.简单句+主从复合句+简单句，because引导原因状语从句。alargenumberof+n.(pl.)“大量/许多”+复谓thenumberof+n.(pl.)“的数量”+单谓译：上期，许多学生都喜欢在二食堂进餐，而在六食堂进餐的学生却很少。LastsemesteralargenumberofstudentspreferredtohavedinnerinNo.2LunchroomwhilethenumberofstudentswhohaddinnerinNo.6Lunchroom_(be)quitesmall.,was,14.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.Forexample,averylargenumberofIndianpeoplespeakEnglish_(fluent)becauseIndiawasruledbyBritainbetween1765and1947,during_timeEnglishwastheofficiallanguageforgovernmentandeducation.,句式变化5,fluently,which,15.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.简单句，现在分词短语learningEnglishinChina作后置定语修饰people。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”；ontheincrease/rise“在增加/上涨”Ant.decrease译：近今个月来石油价格处于上涨趋势。石油价格上涨了6%，即，增长到了每升6元。Recentmonthstheoilpricehasbeen_theincrease.Ithasincreased_6%,thatis,ithasincreased_6yuanperlitre.,on,by,to,16.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.简单句，主谓（宾）结构。developitsownidentity“发展（形成）自己的特色”；onlyadv.“仅仅，只有”；Only置于句首时，若后接句子主语则用主谓语序，若后接时间、地点、条件等状语则用倒装语序。译：只有在失去了上大学的机会之后，他才真正意识到了努力学习的重要性。Onlyafterlosingthechanceofgoingtocollege_realizetheimportanceofhardwork.,didhe,高中英语课文理解必修1-2,StandardEnglishandDialects,17.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.believeitornot“信不信由你”，省to不定式短语作插入语，类似的有letalone“更不要说”；当然，用带to不定式作插入语更常见，如：totell(you)thetruth“说实话”，tobehonest“老实说”，tobefrank“坦率地说”，nottomention“更不要说”，等。译：信不信由你，我觉得他根本不诚实，更不用说可靠。Believeitornot,inmyeyes,heisanythingbuthonest,letalone_(depend).,dependable,nosuchthingas“没有诸如的东西”，该结构中由于no=nota/any,所以没有冠词；as可用作介词后可接名词，或从属连词，后接定语从句。注意：suchthat“如此以至于”，其中that引导的是状语从句。译1：世上没有免费的午餐。Thereis_thingasafreelunchintheworld.译2：他所得到的这样的建议结果证明几乎是毫无价值的。Suchadvice_hewasgivenprov