博士英语写作1

DoctoralEnglishWritingCourselesson1:BasicwritingskillsDictionandgrammar,BasicWritingSkills,1.1DictionWrittenessaywordsshouldbechosenasexact,asspecificaswecan.Dictionmeanswritersweighthewordsinapreciseandaccurateway,whichisanessentialpartofanessay.,1.1.1Levelsofwords,StandardEnglish-EnglishgenerallyacceptedformalcommoncolloquialNonstandardEnglish-usedinspecialgroupslangdialectSubstandardEnglish-usedbythelesseducatedilliteracies,formal,common,colloquial,slang,dialectorilliteracy?,WhenIwasagirl,Iusedtowonderexactlyhowthefuturewouldhappen.Ourageisretrospective.Itbuildsthesepulchersofthefathers.WeaintcomingTheguyissuretopasshismathexam.Thelousydumbbellwasbrokenlastweek.Wehavecoffee,tea,ortonic.,1.formal,mon,3.colloquial,4.slang,5.dialect6.illiteracy,1.Ourageisretrospective(memorable).Itbuildsthesepulchers(tomb)ofthefathers.2.WhenIwasagirl,Iusedtowonderexactlyhowthefuturewouldhappen.3.Theguyissuretopasshismathexam.4.Thelousy(bad)dumbbell(stupid)wasbroken(nomoney)lastweek.5.Wehavecoffee,tea,ortonic(drinksfornewEnglanddialect).6.Weaintcoming(arent),1.1.2generalandspecificwords,General:overallitems(student)Specific:individualitems(?)Changethesentencesintospecificones:1)acarwasparkedinthestreet2)somechildrenstoodatthegate.,1.2Grammar:sentenceerroranalysis,1.2.1时态错误:主从句时态不一致1.No.1andNo.2DormthelargestonesaresaidtobedesignedbyRussiaexperts.2.Inthefirsthalfyear,aboutinMarch,theroadshavebeenpavedandwidened,andthebuildingshavebeenrebuilded.3.Now,thenextSpringFestivaliscoming.Iwilllookforwardtoit.4.Teacherisplayaveryimportantroleineveryoneslife5.Butontheotherside,Iwasfeelingsorryforhim.6.Ifweshallgiveuphonesty,wecantkeepagoodcontactwithothers.7.IthoughtIcantgoodateverything.,(1)No.1andNo.2DormthelargestonesaresaidtobedesignedbyRussiaexperts.(2)Inthefirsthalfyear,aboutinMarch,theroadshavebeenpavedandwidened,andthebuildingshavebeenrebuilded.(3)Now,thenestSpringFestivaliscoming.Iwilllookforwardtoit.(4)Teacherisplayaveryimportantroleineveryoneslife.(5)Butontheotherside,Iwasfeelingsorryforhim.(6)Ifweshallgiveuphonesty,wecantkeepagoodcontactwithothers.(7)IthoughtIcantgoodateverything.,1.2.2语态错误,1.Newreformofadministrationinitsinfancyhascarriedoutparrellingwiththeanniversary.2.MycampuslocatesatthefootofthefamousZijinMountainintheeastofNanjingcity.3.Ihopetostayhereaslongaspossibleifpermitting.4.Heshouldbeneatanddressproperly.5.Inthisplace,thereisalargebookcasewhichattachestothewall.6.IwasgraduatedfrommyuniversityinJulyoflastyear.7.Iwasfailed.,(1)Newreformofadministrationinitsinfancyhascarriedoutparrellingwiththeanniversary.(2)MycampuslocatesatthefootofthefamousZijinMountainintheeastofNanjingcity.(3)Ihopetostayhereaslongaspossibleifpermitting.(4)Heshouldbeneatanddressproperly.(5)Inthisplace,thereisalargebookcasewhichattachestothewall.(6)IwasgraduatedfrommyuniversityinJulyoflastyear.(7)Iwasfailed.,1.2.3主谓一致错误,插入短语(1).Theeffortandtimetocompletetheprojectareessentialtothelastsuccess.(2).Thedilemmaencounteredandconfrontedaffectmygrowingup.(3).Perhapsthemainobstaclestorealizingthisdreamisneithertechnicalnorcommercial.语法结构(1).Neitherparentsnortheironlychildweresatisfiedwiththeresult.(2).Anythingweconsultedturnouttoberight.(3).Aseriesofreferencebookshavebeenprepared.(4).Manyaplayerhavetried,butfewhavesucceeded.(5).ThenumberofpeoplewhouseChinesearemorethananyotherlanguageusersnumber.(6).Whethershecomesornotareofnomatter.(7).Theyoungisusuallyveryinterestedinthiskindoffilm.,插入短语(1).Theeffortandtimetocompletetheprojectareessentialtothelastsuccess.(2).Thedilemmaencounteredandconfrontedaffectmygrowingup.(3).Perhapsthemainobstaclestorealizingthisdreamisneithertechnicalnorcommercial.语法结构(1).Neitherparentsnortheironlychildweresatisfiedwiththeresult.(2).Anythingweconsultedturnouttoberight.(3).Aseriesofreferencebookshavebeenprepared.(4).Manyaplayerhavetried,butfewhavesucceeded.(5).ThenumberofpeoplewhouseChinesearemorethananyotherlanguageusersnumber.(6).Whethershecomesornotareofnomatter.(7).Theyoungisusuallyveryinterestedinthiskindoffilm.,插入从句(1).Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsintheirlivesthatarethemainfocusofsocialpsychology.(2).Couragewhichcanbedefinedasthefeatureinwhichpeoplehavefaithhelptosolvethedifficultthings.(3).ItisobviousthattheU.S.educationisafailure,whichmakesomanyadolescentswalkonadangerousroad.(4).MybrotherisoneofthefewpersonsIknowwhohaslearntfromexperience.(5).Myfriend,YangLingistheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplayintheband.断句(1)Althoughhehasmuchwealth,isnouseforapersonwhocamedownwithanincurablyillness.(2)Servingpeoplewouldneveroutofdate,becauseithelpsdevelopthemarketeconomy.(3)Asweallknown,Chinesehasthemostspeakersintheworld.,插入从句(1).Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsintheirlivesthatarethemainfocusofsocialpsychology.(2).Couragewhichcanbedefinedasthefeatureinwhichpeoplehavefaithhelptosolvethedifficultthings.(3).ItisobviousthattheU.S.educationisafailure,whichmakesomanyadolescentswalkonadangerousroad.(4).MybrotherisoneofthefewpersonsIknowwhohaslearntfromexperience(5).Myfriend,YangLingistheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplayintheband.断句(1)Althoughhehasmuchwealth,isnouseforapersonwhocamedownwithanincurablyillness.(2)Servingpeoplewouldneveroutofdate,becauseithelpsdevelopthemarketeconomy.(3)Asweallknown,Chinesehasthemostspeakersintheworld.,1.2.4句子结构错误,省略动词：Teachersalwayshaveandalwayswilldotheirbesttostimulatethestudentsenthusiasmatlearning.介词：Shehassufficientconfidenceandambitionforherdaughter.比较级：Thesilenceindeepvalleyatnightismorefrighteningthanawolf.状语从句：Althoughisseventyyearsold,hestillgoestoworkintheoffice.,动词：Teachersalwayshaveandalwayswilldotheirbesttostimulatethestudentsenthusiasmatlearning.介词：Shehassufficientconfidenceandambitionforherdaughter.比较级：Thesilenceindeepvalleyatnightismorefrighteningthanawolf.状语从句：Althoughisseventyyearsold,hestillgoestoworkintheoffice.,流水句(1)HongKongisnowrankedtheeighthlargesttradingentityintheworlditoperatesthebusiestcontainerportintermsofthroughput.(2)Peoplesattitudehasbeenchanged,theyhavetakenmorenoticetotheirhealth.(3)Manypeopledecidedtostopsmoking,hedidntwanttodieoflungcancer.(4)Aprominentmaninthefieldhasnobigamountofmoney,however,heisproudofhisachievementbasedonagoodhealth.,(a)加句号变成独立句HongKongisnowrankedtheeighthlargesttradingentityintheworld.Itoperatesthebusiestcontainerportintermsofthroughput.(b)加逗号变成并列句或复合句Peoplesattitudehasbeenchanged,andtheyhavetakenmorenoticetotheirhealth.Manypeopledecidedtostopsmokingashedidntwanttodieoflungcancer.(c)加分号转折句义Aprominentmaninthefieldhasnobigamountofmoney;however,heisproudofhisachievementbasedonagoodhealth.,1.2.5平行结构1.Myteachertoldmethatsheshouldhavereadmycompositionandtohavecorrectedthespellingmistakes.2.Actually,carisrubbish!Itisnoisy,expensiveandnothavingmuchsafety.3.Whenteenagersfinishschool,theyhaveseveralchoices:goingtocollege,gettingajob,ortojointhearmy.4.Thesinglelifeoffersmorefreedom;moresecurityisofferedbymarriage.5.Studentsshouldnotonlydevelopintellectually,butalsomorallyandphysically.6.Shehasbeenappointedaschairmanofthestudentunionbecausesheisawarm-hearted,competentpersonandworksveryhard.7.Thecountryhasconferredthegreatcommitmentuponourgenerationandforustoimplementitwithgreateffort.,(1)Myteachertoldmethatsheshouldhavereadmycompositionandtohavecorrectedthespellingmi