现代大学英语精读4lesson6_extension.ppt

Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,PartFive,Extension,ENTER,B,T,L,E,W,Extension,OralworkQuotesTranslationPoem:TheyWereWelcomeToTheirBeliefSupplementaryreadingQuiz,Contents,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,OralWork,Givesomeexamplesoffunnyorbizarrechildhoodbeliefs,collectionofideasthatadultsthoughtweretruewhentheywerechildren.Itwillremindyouwhatitwasliketobeachild,fascinatedandhorrifiedbytheworldinequalparts.Differencesbetweenthinkingwithbeliefsandthinkingwithoutbeliefs,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,II.Quotes(onIrony),TheEndofgroupdiscussion.,B,T,L,E,W,Thetroublewithmostfolksisnotsomuchtheirignorance,astheirknowingsomanythingswhichaintso.JoshBillingsHewhocannotreasonisafool;hewhowillnotisabigot;hewhodarenotisaslave.W.DrummondEveryargumentthathasbeenusedtojustifytheteachingofgrammarmaybeappliedwithgreatercogencytotheteachingoflogic.Ifitisdesirablethatapersonshallspeakcorrectly,itismuchmoredesirablethatheshallthinkcorrectly.Ballard,thefollowingthreequotationsarefromA.E.Mandersbook,LogicfortheMillions.,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,IV.Poem,B,T,L,E,W,RobertFrost-TheyWereWelcomeToTheirBeliefGriefmayhavethoughtitwasgrief.Caremayhavethoughtitwascare.Theywerewelcometotheirbelief,Theoverimportantpair.No,ittookallthesnowsthatclungTothelowroofoverhisbed,Beginningwhenhewasyoung,Toinducetheonesnowonhishead.,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,IV.Poem,B,T,L,E,W,ButwhenevertheroofcammewhiteTheheadinthedarkbelowWasashadelessthecolorofnight,Ashademorethecolorofsnow.Griefmayhavethoughtitwasgrief.Caremayhavethoughtitwascare.ButneitheronewasthethiefOfhisravencolorofhair.,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,AboutthepoetFrost,Robert(1874-1963),Americanpoet,whodrewhisimagesfromtheNewEnglandcountrysideandhislanguagefromNewEnglandspeech.AlthoughFrostsimagesandvoiceoftenseemfamiliarandold,hisobservationshaveanedgeofskepticismandironythatmakehiswork,uponrereading,neverasold-fashioned,easy,orcarefreeasitfirstappears.Inbeingbothtraditionalandskeptical,FrostspoetryhelpedprovidealinkbetweentheAmericanpoetryofthe19thcenturyandthatofthe20thcentury.SeealsoAmericanLiterature:Poetry.,IV.Poem,B,T,L,E,W,TheEndofPoem,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,Peoplehaveslaughteredeachotherinwars,inquisitions,andpoliticalactionsforcenturiesandstillkilleachotheroverbeliefsinreligions,politicalideologies,andphilosophies.Thesebelief-systems,whenstatedaspropositions,mayappearmystical,andgenuinetothenaive,butwhenconfrontedwithatestablebasesfromreasonandexperiment,theyfailmiserably.Imaintainthatbeliefscreatemoresocialproblemsthantheysolveandthatbeliefs,andespeciallythoseelevatedtofaith,producethemostdestructivepotentialtothefutureofhumankind.,V.SupplementaryReading,B,T,L,E,W,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,TheproblemswithbeliefsbyJimWalker,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,V.SupplementaryReading,Throughouthistory,humankindhaspaidreverencetobeliefsandmysticalthinking.Organizedreligionhasplayedthemostsignificantroleinthesupportandpropagationofbeliefsandfaith.Thishasresultedinanacceptanceofbeliefsingeneral.Regardlessofhowonemayrejectreligion,religioussupportofsupernaturaleventsgivescredencetoothersuperstitionsingeneralandthesupportoffaith(beliefwithoutevidence),mysticism,andmiracles.Mostscientists,politicians,philosophers,andevenatheistssupportthenotionthatsomeformsofbeliefprovideavaluablemeanstoestablishtruthaslongasitcontainsthebackingofdataandfacts.,B,T,L,E,W,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,V.SupplementaryReading,Beliefhaslongbecomeasociallyacceptableformofthinkinginscienceaswellasreligion.Indeed,onceapropositionturnstobelief,itautomaticallyunderminesoppositiontoitself.Dostoyevskywarnedusthatthosewhorejectreligionwillendbydrenchingtheearthinblood.Butthisrepresentsabeliefin-itself.Ourhistoryhasshownthatthebloodlettinghasoccurredmostlyasaresultofreligionsorotherbelief-systems,notfromthepeoplewhorejectthem.,B,T,L,E,W,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,V.SupplementaryReading,However,doesrationalthinkingrequiretheadherencetobeliefsatall?Doesproductivescience,ethics,orasatisfiedliferequireanyattachmenttoabeliefofanykind?Canwepredictfutureevents,actondata,theories,andfactswithoutresortingtotheownershipofbelief?Thispaperattemptstoshowthat,indeed,oneneednotownbeliefsofanykindorexpresstheminhumanlanguagetoestablishscientificfacts,predictfutureevents,observeandenjoynature,orliveaproductive,moral,andusefullife.,B,T,L,E,W,TheEndofSupplementaryReading,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,VI.Quiz,CB,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,1.Ionlyknowthemanby_butIhaveneverspokentohim.A.chanceB.heartC.sightD.experience2.Beingcolour-blind,Sallycantmakea_betweenredandgreen.A.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.division,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,CC,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,3.Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer_withtherealityoftheirworld.A.relevantB.simultaneousC.consistentD.practical4.Inordertoraisemoney,AuntNicolahadto_withsomeofhermosttreasuredpossessions.A.divideB.separateC.partD.abandon.,VI.Quiz,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,AB,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,5.Thecarwasingoodworking_whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.A.orderB.formC.stateD.circumstance6.Thecustomerexpressedher_forthatbroadhat.A.disapprovalB.distasteC.dissatisfactionD.dismay,VI.Quiz,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,DB,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,7.Inordertorepairbarns,buildfence,growcrops,andcareforanimalsafarmermustindeedbe_.A.restlessC.strongB.skilledD.versatile8.Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin_tohisincome.A.comparisonB.proportionC.associationD.calculation,VI.Quiz,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,CC,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,9.Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery_ofhismoney.A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful10.Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto_theweeklystaffmeeting.A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate,VI.Quiz,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,BD,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,11.Basicallyarobotisamachinewhichmoves,manipulates,joinsorprocesses_inthesamewayashumanhandorarm.A.charactersB.componentsC.cataloguesD.collections12.Ofcourse,talkingaboutsomethingwhichaffectsthempersonallyis_motivatingforstudents.A.chieflyB.correctlyC.currentlyD.eminently,VI.Quiz,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,CA,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,13.Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps_aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofonesowncultureaswell.coachB.forsakeC.fosterD.censor14.WhenAnnbrokethedishshetriedtoputthe_backtogether.A.fragmentsB.piecesC.bitsD.slices,VI.Quiz,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson6-GroundlessBeliefs,BC,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Youllbegiventensecondstodothequiz.,15._drillsthathavenorealtopichavetoremainastheyare.A.ManufactureB.ManipulativeC.ManipulateD.Manifest16.ThisbookhasbeenintheworkssolongthatIhavelost_ofmostofthesourcesfoundformebythestaffofthelibrary.A.traceB.trailC.trackD.touch,V