中考英语名词复习

名词,一、中考考查重点,可数名词与不可数名词名词的单数与复数名词所有格4.专有名词的常见的缩写形式,名词专有名词（如：Tom、China、theUnitedStates,January,Monday),可数名词,普通名词,物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福),个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察),不可数名,名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。,cap-capstask-tasksstar-starstree-treeshouse-housesexercise-exercises,可数名词的复数形式,规则变化,A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-S,B.以字母x、s、ch、sh结尾的名词在其后加-es,bus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishesclass-classes,C.（1）以辅音字母+y结尾的名词需把y变为i再加-esstorystoriesbabybabiescountrycountriespartyparties（2）以元音字母+y结尾的名词在后面直接加-sdaydaysboy-boystoy-toys,E.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以o结尾的外来词，变为复数时只加-Sradioradioszoo-zoosbamboo-bamboos,D.以-f或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将f或fe变成v再加-esshelf-shelveslifelivesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswifewiveshalfhalves特殊:roof-roofs,（2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数+es,potato-potatoeshero-heroestomatotomatoes但pianopianos,photo-photos除外.,不规则变化,特殊变化：,单复同形,manmengentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethmousemicechildchildren,sheepsheepfishfish/fishesdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese,3.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况,aJapanesefiveJapanese(e.gChinese),aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFrenchwoman),aGermanfiveGermans(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean),4.常以复数形式出现的名词,集体名词：trousersglassesclothespeoplepolice,口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面,5.,5.复合名词的复数形式,a.将主体名词变为复数,e.gaboystudentboystudentsaflowershopflowershopsadiningroomdiningroomsbananatreebananatreesshoefactoryshoefactories,b.当名词的第一个构成部分为man或woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数,e.gawomanteachertwowomenteachersamannursetwomennurses,不可数名词,常见的不可数名词.drink-coffe,milk,tea2.food-rice,bread,meatporridge,tofu,3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter4.weather-rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice,物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福),不可数名词数量的表达法：通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量,abottleofmilk-twobottlesofmilkapieceofmeat-threepiecesofmeat,表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,alotof,much,alittle,little,lotsof,enough,plentyof,巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶（2）一块冰（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁（5）半公斤鸡肉（6）许多瓶牛奶,不可数名词没有复数形式,既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：,不可数名词可数名词,paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间aroomchicken鸡肉achickenbeauty美abeauty,一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人,专有名词：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildrensDayWomensDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）FathersDayMothersDaySaintValentinesDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVUNWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSUNITNBAIQEQPERMBVIP,名词的所有格,单数的名词所有格,Mikesbagtheboysknife2.在词尾有-S的复数名词所有格,只在词尾加,读音与名词变复数同thestudentsbookstheteachersoffice,3.不规则名词复数的所有格,即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词,在词后加s,如:WomensDaymensclothesshop4.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s;,珍妮和海伦的房间,JennyandHelensroom,JennysandHelensrooms,5.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,1.有生命的东西所有格用s的形式,8.无生命的东西一般用“of+名词”的形式表示其所有格,thedooroftheroomthewallofthepark,6.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加-s构成所有格,2小时路程北京最好的公园今日报纸车站休息室,twohourswalk,Beijingsbestpark,todaysnewspaper,thestationswaiting-room,atmyuncles=atmyuncleshomeatatailors=atatailorsshop,9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格,asilkhatcottoncloth,acoffeecup,7.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词,myteachersofficestudentsexercisebooksChildrensPalacetodaysnewspaper15minuteswalk=a15-minutewalkatthebutchers=atthebutchersshoptoToms=toTomshouse,1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3少年宫4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6在肉店7到汤姆家去,名词的所有格Practice,8广东的省会9教室的门10我父亲的一个朋友11他的两个兄弟12爱迪生的一些发明13他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)14他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟),thecapitalofGuangdong,thedoorsoftheclassroom,afriendofmyfather(s),twobrothersofhis,someinventionsofEdisons,apictureofhisbrothers,apictureofhisbrother,主谓一致,当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tomsfamily_ratherbig.Tomsfamily_arefilmfans.,is,are,2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths_noteasyforhim.,is,3.像chopsticks,shoes,glasses,trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.gTheshoesarehers.,但是:Apairofglasses_onthetable.Twopairsofglasses_onthetable.,is,are,4.police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_peace.,love,但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分,e.gHeisayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples_thisbook.,like,5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定,e.gAdeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer_overthereinthefield.,are,6.Thepoetandmusician_attheparty.Thesingeranddancer_justarrived.Thebreadandthebutter_ready.Breadandbutter_herusualbreakfast.涂了黄油的面包,was,has,are,is,8.Bothand的谓语动词用复数形式。,e.g.Bothheandhisfather_there.,were,7.采取就近一致原则的句型结构：,Therebee.g.There_abookandtwoapplesonthedesk.notonlybutalsoe.gNotonlyyoubutalsohe_right.eitherore.gEitherheorI_wrong.neithernore.gNeithershenorI_right.,is,is,am,am,表示时间、距离、金额、度量、书名、国名等的复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。e.gEighthoursofsleep_enoughforyou.Tendollars_toomuchtopay.,is,is,10.each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词,eachof+复数名词oneof+复数名词,manya+单数名词,every/each+单数名词+and+单数名词,等结构做主语时，动词用单数。,e.g.Eachboyandeachgirl_seenthefilm.Noteacherandnostudent_comeyet.Everyknife,fork,andspoon_tobebought.Eachofthestudents_adictionary.,has,has,has,has,()1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe_800metreraceyesterday.AboysBboysCboyDboys.()4.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()5.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs,课时训练,选择填空：,NOUN.,()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_.A.brothersB.brothersC.brothersD.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()8._are_forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms,NOUN.,1.Several_aretalkingabouttheir_underthetree.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.（2000杭州）AminutesBminutesCminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanes,典型例题解析,NOUN.,指点迷津,Tenyears_(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes_(is,are)underthebe