动词分类及动词短语课件

专题8动词分类及动词短语,考点直击,1助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用。1帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词有do,does,did及其否定形式。如：Didyougohomelastweek?上周你回家了吗？2帮助构成时态的助动词有be,have,shall,will等。如：Weareplayinganinterestinggame.我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。,2系动词系动词亦称连系动词。系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构。具体分类及用法如下：1状态系动词：只有be动词。如：Theyarealwaysveryhappy.他们总是很高兴。2持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。如：Ihopeyoullkeepfit.我希望你会一直保持健康。,3表象系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。如：Mymotherseemsverysatisfiedwithmyprogress.妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。4感官系动词：表示“起来”，主要有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如：Thedishsmellsdelicious.菜闻起来很香。,5变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run等。如：Thesmalltownisbecomingbusierandbusier.小镇变得越来越忙碌。6终止系动词：主要有prove,turnout(结果是，证明是)等。如：Myplanturnedoutasuccess.我的计划成功了。提醒有些系动词也是实义动词，可单独作谓语。如：Hefellillyesterday.他昨天病了。,3情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气、情态，无人称和数的变化。情态动词有自己的词汇意思，但不能独立作谓语，其后须跟动词原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)及半情态动词haveto,hadbetter。,1can和could(1)can(could)表示说话人能、可以、同意、准许，以及客观条件允许做某事。could为can的过去式。表示请求时，could比can更委婉。如：CouldIborrowyourpen?我可以借你的钢笔吗？(2)can意为“能、会”时，相当于beableto(适用于各种时态)，can只有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。如：Afewmonthslater,Illbeabletoswimalone.几个月后，我将能单独游泳。(3)cant表示否定推测。如：ThatcantbeMrWang.HehasgonetoBeijing.那肯定不是王老师。他已经去北京了。,2may和mightmay和might意为“可以”，表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可。may也可表示祝愿。might是may的过去式，表示可能性更小、语气更加委婉。如：MayItakesomephotoshere?我可以在这儿拍照吗？Mayyoubehappy.祝你开心。,3must和haveto(1)must意为“必须，应该，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的肯定推测。如：Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作。(2)must和haveto的区别：must表示说话人的主观意愿；haveto表示客观需要。如：Imustdomyhomeworkfirst.我必须首先做家庭作业。Itisraininghardoutside.Ihavetostayathome.外面雨下得很大。我不得不待在家里。,4need的用法need表示“需要，必须”。它主要用于否定句和疑问句中，否定形式为neednt，表示“没有必要，不必”；回答need引导的问句时，肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“neednt”。此外need还可以作实义动词使用。如：Needwedosomecleaningnow?No,youneednt.“我们必须现在大扫除吗？”“不，你们不必。”Ineedtoseethedoctornow.我现在需要看医生。,5shall和willshall用于第一人称的句子表示提建议或请求；will用于第二人称疑问句表示征求意见或提建议。如：Shallwegooutforawalk?我们出去散步好吗？Willyougoshoppingwithus?你会和我们一起去购物吗？,6should和wouldshould用于各种人称的句子中，强调义务或责任；would是will的过去式，其后跟动词原形构成过去将来时，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。如：Youshouldstudyharder.你应该更加努力学习。HesaidhewouldvisittheGreatWallthenextyear.他说他第三年将游览长城。7hadbetterhadbetter意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式。如：Youhadbetterexercisemore.你最好多锻炼。,4动词短语动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语叫动词短语。动词短语主要有四类：1动词副词：常见的有giveup,thinkover,takeoff,writedown,putoff等。这些词组的宾语是名词时，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语是人称代词或反身代词时，则要放在动词和副词中间。如：Theyhavedecidedtoputoffthemeeting.Theyhavedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.他们已经决定推迟会议了。Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Youmustgiveitup.吸烟对你的健康有害。你必须戒掉它。,2动词介词：常见的有askfor,careabout,lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,laughat,hearof(from)等。如：Weshouldntlaughatothers.我们不应该嘲笑别人。3动词副词介词：常见的有lookdownupon,getonwith,catchupwith等。如：Ifyoustudyhard,youllcatchupwithyourclassmates.如果你努力学习，你将能赶上你的同班同学。4动词名词介词：常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。如：Pleasepaymoreattentiontodetails.请多注意细节。,考点过关,基础过关,()1.Thecloth_verysoftandcomfortable.A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds()2.Someofmyfriendseatwiththeireyes.Theyprefertoorderwhat_nice.A.feelsB.smellsC.looksD.tastes,C,C,()3.Dick，_Iuseyoure-dictionary?Yes,please._yougiveittoMikeafteryouuseit?A.will;WouldB.may;MightC.can;CouldD.shall;Should()4.Ithinkherdresscomesfromthe1970s.It_befromthattime.Itlookssomodernonher.A.mustntBcantC.wontDwouldnt,C,B,()5.MustIdomyhomeworknow,Mum?_.Youcandoittomorrow.A.No,youneedntB.No,youmustntC.Yes,youneedD.Yes,youmust()6.Rockmusicmay_nicetoyoungpeople,butmostoldpeoplecantstandit.A.hearB.soundC.lookD.listen,A,B,解析根据上句“妈妈，我现在必须做作业吗？”及答句“_你可以明天做。”推断是否定答句，排除C、D项；must的否定回答有三种：donthaveto,neednt和mustnt。neednt和donthaveto均意为“不必”；mustnt意为“千万不能；禁止”。故选A。,()7.Dontforgettotakeyourbagwhenyou_thebus.A.getoffB.takeoffC.turnoffD.putoff()8.Hersister_ataxidriver.Nowsheworksforacharity.A.isusedtobeB.wereusedtobeingC.isusedtobeingDusedtobe,A,D,解析getoff意为“下(车)”；takeoff意为“脱下”；turnoff意为“关上”；putoff意为“推迟”。句意：当你下车时不要忘记带上你的包。故选A。,()9.Whatdoyouthinkofmyshirt?It_cotton.Itlooksniceonyou.A.ismadeinB.ismadeforC.ismadeofD.ismadeby()10.Allen,yourbedroomisinamess.Sorry,Mum.Ill_mythingsatonce.A.putonB.putawayC.putoutD.putup,C,B,解析puton意为“穿上”；putaway意为“收起来”；putout意为“熄灭”；putup意为“张贴，搭建”。,中考透视,()1.2013宿迁Wereyousickaftersixhoursjourneyonthecoach?Ofcourse.I_quicklyassoonasitstopped.A.gotupB.gotonC.gotoffD.gotto()2.2013徐州Ifyou_yournameonthepaper,youcangetamagazine.A.cutdownB.lookdownC.turndownD.writedown,C,D,()3.2013徐州CanIborrowyourruler，please?Yes,you_.Butyoumustreturnittomebeforelunchtime.A.haveB.canC.mustD.usedto()4.2013宿迁Thecake_delicious.Icantwaittoeatit.A.feelsB.soundsC.becomesD.smells()5.2013菏泽Canwerunacrosstheroadnow?No,we_.Wehavetowaituntilthelightturnsgreen.A.needntB.mustntCcouldntD.shouldnt,B,D,B,()6.2013丽水HowmanyEnglishwordsdoyouthinkIshouldknow?Asmanyasyou_.Thenyouwillfindreadingquiteeasy.A.willB.mustC.canDmight()7.2013泰安MayIsmokehere?No,you_.Thisisano-smokingroom.A.needntB.mustntC.couldntD.wouldnt,C,B,()8.2013青岛Therearentmanyticketsleftfortheconcert,youdbetter_thatyougetonetoday.A.makesureofB.makeadecisionC.makesureD.makeplans,C,解析makesureof意为“确定，确保”，后面一般跟名词或者动名词词组；makesure意为“确保，务必”，可以跟从句；makeadecision意为“做决定”；makeplans意为“做计划”。句意：这场音乐会剩下的票不多了，你最好确保今天能订到一张票。所以选C。,()1.Thefoodheresmellsgood,butwhatdoesit_like?AtasteBtouchCseemDfeel()2.Mum,whencanIgoouttoplayfootball?Finishyourhomeworkfirst,orI_letyougoout.AdontBdidntCwontDhavent,A,语法专练,C,()3.Thesenseofhappinesswillincreaseifyou_whatyouliketodo.AdoBdidCwilldoDshoulddo()4.Springisabeautifulseasonwhenalltrees_green.AturnBsoundCfeelDbecome,A,A,解析if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。因此选A。,()5.Itscoldoutside.Whynot_yourcoat?AputonBtakeoffClookforD.putoff()6.Theyoungmanbrokehisarmintheaccidentandhadto_hisjob.AgiveupBputupCcutupD.pickup()7.WhatdoyouthinkaboutHans?Heisverydifficultto_with,butcertainlyhehasawarmheartundercoolappearance(外表)AgetonBgetinCgetoffD.getout,A,A,A,()8.2013济南CouldI_youriPad,Alice?Ofcourse.Hereyouare.AlendBkeepCborrowDreturn()9.Couldyoupleasehelpme_theTV?IwanttowatchtheCCTVNews.AturndownBturnonCturnoffDturnup()10.Whatareyougoingtododuringyourvacation?Imnotsure.Ihavenotimeto_itatthemoment.AworryaboutBthinkaboutCgetoverDcomeover,C,B,B,()11.Thisbook_educatingteenagers.Wouldyouliketobuyit?Yes,Illtakeit.AaimsatBtakesplaceCgivesoutDsetsup()12.Please_thesebooks,Jodie.Iwanttousethedesktodomyhomework.AtakeawayBgiveawayCgoawayDkeepaway,A,A,()13.Imnotsurehowtopronouncethisword.Youdbetter_itsrightpronunciationinthedictionary.AlookafterBlookdownClookupDlookout()14.Billdoesntlikethesunglassesintheadbecausetheycant_thesunwell.AtakeoutBkeepoutCcleanoutDlookout,C,B,()15.He_someFrenchwhilehewasawayonabusinesstripinParis.AmadeoutBpickedupCgaveupDtookin()16.Fourdollarsapair?Ithinkitsabittoomuch.Ifyoubuythreepairs,thepriceforeachwill_tothreefifty.AcomedownBtakedownCturnoverDgoover,B,A,()17.Thesweaterisverynice.Illtakeit.Butyoudbetter_first.Ithinkitisalittlelargeforyou.ApayforitBputitonCputitoffDtryiton()18.JackhasnevervisitedtheForbiddenCity,buthehas_it.AstoodforBbelongedtoCheardaboutDkeptto,D,解析payfor意为“付款”；puton意为“穿上”；putoff意为“推迟”；tryon意为“试穿”。由答语“我认为你穿有点大。”可知应选D。,C,()19.2013台州Wouldyoumind_themusicalittle?Dontyouthinkitstooloud?Sorry!Illdoitinaminute.AturningonBturningoffCturningupDturningdown()20.ImnotsurewhetherIcanholdapartyintheopenair,becauseit_theweather.AstandsforBdependsonClivesonDagreeswith,D,B,()21._，youguys!Youdontwanttomissthetrain,doyou?ALookupBGiveupCHurryupDGrowup()22.Itssaidthatalienstriedtowarntheastronautsonthemoonto_.Maybetheydidntlikehumanbeingstogetclosetothem.AstayupBstayoutCstayawayDstaybehind,C,C,解析lookup意为“查询”；giveup意为“放弃”；hurryup意为“快点”；growup意为“长大”。由后半句“你们不想错过火车。”可知是让他们快点。,()23.Maryheardsomebodycallher,sosheturned_toseewhoitwas.AoffBoutCupDaround()24.HanHanisapopularwriter.Hisnewbookwill_thisSeptember.AcomeupBcomeinCcomeoutDcomeon()25.2013泸州Canyouhelpmeto_mydogwhenIleaveforHongKong?AlookafterBlookforClookatDlookthrough,D,C,A,()26.Alltheoilintheworldwill_someday.Yeah.Whatshallweuseforpoweratthattime?AgivenawayBputawayCrunoutDsetout()27.2013黄石Manystudentsinourschool_theoldandtheyusuallyoffertheirseatstothemonbuses.AworryaboutBcareforCagreewithDtakecare,C,B,()28.CouldI_yourdigitalcameraagain?Noproblem.ButIthinkyoudbettergotothestoretobuy_sinceyouoftengotraveling.Alend;oneBlend;itCborrow;oneDborrow;it()29.Willthehotel_freebreakfast_theguests?Aprovide;withBprovide;toCoffer;withDoffer;to,C,D,()30.Howispeopleslifeintheearthquakeareas?Theyarelivingamuchbetterlifethanwe_.AsuggestedBexpectedCnoticedDsupported()31.Sorry!IhavetogobackatoncebecauseIhave_myhomeworkinmybedroom.AforgottenBfetchedCleftDtaken()32.TaiwanispartofChina.We_thesamehistoryandculture.AexplainBexpressCconnectDshare,B,C,D,()33.2013聊城Ifyouwanttobuythisdress,youdbetter_firsttomakesureitfitsyou.ApayforitBtakeitoffCtidyitupDtryiton()34.Myuncle_betired.Hehasbeenrunningforalongtime.Butmyaunt_betired.Shehasjustbeguntorun.Amaynot;mustBmust;cantCcant;mustDmust;maynot,D,B,解析must表推测时，语气最强烈，意为“肯定、一定”；cant表示否定的推测，意为“一定不(是)”。,()35._yousingEnglishsongswhenyouwere5yearsold?ACanBNeedCCouldDMay()36.Hisbrother_playcomputergamesbecauseitdoesntwork.AmaynotBcantCmustntDneednt()37.2013黄冈Howheavilyitisraining!Whatapity!Wehaveto_oursportsmeeting.AputoffBputoutCputonDputup,C,B,A,()38._Itakesomephotoshere?No,you_AMay;mustntBMust;mustntCMay;needntDCould;wont()39.I_stopplayingcomputergamesbecauseofmypooreyesight.AmustBcantChavetoDmustnt,A,C,解析用may提问时，否定回答用mustnt。,()40.2013呼和浩特Whenyouvisitamuseumyoushould_theinstructionsanddontbeagainstthem.AcomparewithBlookforwardtoCpayattentiontoDtryout()41.Look!Howhardthesnowis!Youdbetter_AstayherewhenitstopsBnotleaveuntilitstopsCnottoleaveatonceDdontgohomenow,C,解析hadbetternotdosth意为“最好不要做某事”。,B,()42.2013鞍山Shehurriedly_thechildandtookhimdownstairs.Aputon