中国运动文化英文版

Chapter7Sports,AGlimpseofChineseCulture,本章教学的目的,1.中国传统健身活动;2.奥运会的概况;3.中国优秀体育项目。,本章教学的重难点,1.中国传统健身活动介绍；2.中国与奥林匹克；3.讨论：政府如何加强全民健身运动。,本章教学的时间安排,教师课堂讲解(60minutes)1.TraditionalPhysicalCulture(30minutes)2.TheOlympicsandChina(10minutes)3.ChinasOutstandingCompetitiveSports(20minutes)讨论(10minutes)学生课间展示(30minutes),TraditionalPhysicalCulture,SportinancienttimesEthnicSportTraditionalphysicalactivitiesNationalphysicalfitness,Sportinancienttimes,Asanimportantpartofpopularculture,sportsinChinabegantotakerealshapeduringtheQin,HanandThreeKingdomsperiods.SportingimageshavebeenrecordedovertheDynastiesbysepulchral(坟墓的)muralpaintings,stonepaintings(岩画),brickpaintings(画像砖),potteryfigurines(人物像)andpoems.,equestrianpolo击鞠,DuringtheTangDynasty,equestrianpolowaspopularinthepalace,thearmyandamongthemenofliterati(文人墨客).,Cuju蹴鞠,Cuju(蹴鞠)wassopopularintheSongDynastythateveryonefromtheemperortoordinarypeopleparticipatedinit.,Chuiwan垂丸,IntheYuanDynasty,peoplelikeplayingagamecalledChuiwan,whichissimilartogolfasshowninthemuralHittingBalls.,EthnicSport,Witharound1,000kindsofEthnicsports,someofthemorewellknownonesareMongolianwrestling,horsemanship(马术)andarchery;Huikickingtheshuttlecock(毽球)andthetug-of-war(拔河);Tibetanyak(牦牛)racing;Miaoswinginganddragon-boatracing;Zhuangthrowingofcoloredsilkballs(抛绣球);Koreanswingingandsee-sawingjumping(跳板);Manchuskating;Dongwalkingonstilts(踩高跷);Yaowhippingtops(打陀螺).,TraditionalPhysicalActivities,Martialarts(Wushu武术)DistinguishedChineseMartialArts,Martialarts,WushuisalsocalledKongfu.AccordingtotheformationofChinesecharacters,武(wu)ismadeupof止and戈.Theformermeans“stop”whilethelatermeans“dagger-axe”or“anykindofweapon”.Thecombinationofthetwomeansstoppingmartialactions.With术(shu),whichmeansstrategies,together,thetermmeans“usingmethodsandskillstostopmartialactionsandactivities”.Anothermeaningofthiswordisthemartialactivitiesbetweentwopeopleortwogroupswiththeweapons.,Modernmartialartsconsistoffivecategories,BoxingWeaponexercisesSparringexercisesActualcombatTeamwork,Boxing,shadowboxing(太极拳),Weaponexercises,Sparringexercises,Teamwork,DistinguishedChineseMartialArts,ShaolinBoxingItistherepresentativeboxingstyleoftheLongBoxing.Characterizedbysturdiness(坚定),fastattacks,andcoordinated(协调的)forwardandbackwardmoves.Itsserialmovesaremostlyshortandstraight.,ShadowboxingAschoolofChinesepopularmartialartsmarkedforslowandgentlemovementsthataredesignedfordefense,strengtheningofphysiqueandpreventionofdiseases.,Qigong,alsocalleddeepbreathingexercises,ispracticedbytheChineseonaregularbasistokeepfit.Literally“qi”means“air”implying“lifeforce”.Thepurposeofqigongistocoordinatethehealthofthemindandbody.,Five-animalexercises,The“five-animalexercises”isasetofhealthbuildingexerciseimitatingthemovementsoffiveanimalstiger,deer,bear,apeandbird.ItsaphysicalexercisescombinedwithqigongandwasinitiatedbyHuaTuo.,Nationalphysicalfitness,TherearemanygymnasiumsandstadiumsacrossChina,mostofthemareopentoandwidelyusedbythegeneralpublic.Body-buildingequipmentcanbefoundeverywhereinthecommunitiesoranypublicplaces.Similarly,thereisagrowingtrendforpeopletoengageintheirownwaystokeepfit.,Dragonboatracing,DragonboatracingisanactivityheldeachyearduringtheDragonBoatFestivalinmanyplacesalongriversandonthecoasttoday.ThisisanancientChinesesport,veryengagingandcolorful,wherelargeboatswithupto20paddlersraceagainsteachother.Thepaddlerswillrowandstroketogether,followingtherhythmicaldrumbeats.,Dragonandliondance,DragonandliondanceisnotonlyapopularpartoftraditionalfestivalsheldthroughoutChina,butisalsoacompetitivesport.Incompetition,thedancersarerequiredtoperformsetmartial-arts-styletechnicalmovementsandcompetebyclimbingaframeandtryingtowinhonorbyseizinganobjectonthetop.,KiteFlying,KiteFlyingisatraditionalChinesepastime,withmillionsofparticipantsacrossthenation.Asasport,itbecameanofficialeventin1991.TheWeifangInternationalKiteFestivalisakitecompetitionandexhibitionthatattractstensofthousandsofparticipantsfromallovertheworld.,Yangge,Yanggeisatraditionaldanceaccompaniedbyrhythmicfolkmusicorsinging,withthedancersdressedincostumesandholdingfansorhandkerchiefs.ItisverypopularinmanyareasofnorthernChinaandamongthemiddle-agedandelderly.,Horseracing,Horseracingisessentialtothelifestyleofmanyethnicgroups,especiallyintheareasofInnerMongolia,Xinjiang,Tibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Yunnan,GuizhouandSichuan.Theprairies(草原)inthoseareasprovidenaturalfieldsforhorseracing.Thereareregionalvariationsandthetypesofcompetitionarediverse.,Tug-of-War(拔河),Tug-of-Warisatraditionalgameinwhichmanyethnicgroupsparticipatewithvigor.Today,itispopularatsport.Inthegametwoteamsequalinnumbertugonoppositeendsofaropeandeachtrytopullthecentralmarkontheropeacrossalineontoitsside.Thegameprovidesanentertaininghighlightandcausesconsiderablegood-naturedamusement.Theteamthatwinsdoessothroughstrengthandthespiritofcooperation.,RopeSkipping(跳绳),RopeSkipping(跳绳)isafunsportforbothchildrenandadults.Withsimplyarope,peoplehaveinventedmanywaystoplayandcompete.Askilledpersoncanturntheropemanytimesinquicksuccessionwhilekeepinghisorherfeetoffthegroundinasinglejump.Couplescanskiptogether.Usingalongropewithtwopeopleswirlingitinunisonatthetwooppositeends,awholegroupofpeopleisabletojoinin.Manyschoolsencouragetheirstudentstoparticipateinthishealthyactivity.,Radiobroadcastingcallisthenics(广播体操),Radiobroadcastingcallisthenicsisaverypopularandrequiredsportintheschoolsanduniversities.Exercisesandcallisthenicareoftenledbyaradiobroadcastwithmusicalaccompaniment.,TheOlympicsandChina,AbouttheOlympicsTheOlympicsandChinaChinasOutstandingCompetitiveSports,AbouttheOlympics,TheOlympicGamesareaninternationalsportcompetition,heldeveryfouryears.Until1992theSummerOlympicsandtheWinterOlympicswereheldinthesameyear,butbeginningin1994theywererescheduledsothattheyareheldinalternating(间隔的)even-numberedyears.,TheoriginoftheOlympicGames,TheoriginalOlympicGameswereheldinancientGreecebetween776BCand393AD,asacelebrationofthegodZeus.Thegameswereheldevery4yearsatOlympia,intheeasternPeloponnese(伯罗奔尼撒半岛),andincludedchariot(四轮马车)andhorseraces,footraces,boxing,wrestling,andthepentathlon(五项运动).,TherevivalofOlympicGamesinmoderntimes,TherevivalofOlympicGamesinmoderntimeswasattributedtotheFrencheducatorandthinkerPierredeCoubertin,whosawthemasameanstopromotepeace.ThefirstmodernOlympicGameswereheldinAthensin1896.,PierredeCoubertin,TheOlympicmotto,CitiusAltiusFortius,whichisLatinforfaster,higher,stronger.Theintendedmeaningisthatonesfocusshouldbeonbetteringonesachievements,ratherthanoncominginfirst.,RingsandFlag,EachofthefiveOlympicringsisadifferentcolor.Together,theyrepresentthefiveinhabitedcontinents,althoughnoparticularringismeanttorepresentanyspecificcontinent.Theringsareinterlaced(交织)torepresenttheideathattheOlympicsareuniversal,bringingathletesfromtheentireworldtogether.,TheOlympicsandChina,Itwasnotuntil1932whenthe10thOlympicGameswereheldinLosAngelesthatChinawasinvitedforthefirsttimetosendathletestocompete.,TheonlyChineseparticipantatthoseGameswasLiuChangchun.Heenteredthe100mand200mracebutwaseliminated(淘汰)inthefirstround.,BytheendoftheAthensOlympics,Chineseathleteshadaccumulated112goldmedalsoversixSummerOlympicGames.,29thOlympicinBeijing,Oneworld,onedream.FivemascotsExtraordinaryOlympicinthehistory.,ChineseOutstandingCompetitiveSports,TableTennisTabletennisisverypopularthroughoutChinaandispopularlyknownasthe“NationalBallGame”ofChina.Chinesetabletennisplayershaveperformedexceptionallywellininternationalcompetitions.,BadmintonChinabecameaformalmemberoftheInternationalBadmintonFederationin1981.Sincethen,ChinesebadmintonteamshavewontheThomasCup(托马斯杯)sixtimes,theUberCup(尤伯杯)tentimesandtheSudirmanTrophy(苏迪曼杯)fivetimes.,VolleyballChinahaslonghadoneofthebestwomensvolleyballteamsintheworld.Theywontwoworldchampionshiptitlesin1982and1986,theOlympicgoldmedalinLosAngelesin1984,andtwoWorldCuptitlesin1981and1985,andthenagainthegoldmedalin2004AthensOlympicsGames.TheChinese