高考英语一轮复习Unit1GreatScientists（练）新人教版必修5.doc

Unit 1 Great Scientists.词义辨析1.Finding information in todays world is easy. The _is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. Ainquiry Bchallenge Cvictim Duniverse 2.Police _that she had some connection with last weeks robbery of the bank. Asuspected Babsorbed Chandled Dinstructed3The boy was found seated on a bench，completely _in a novel. Adefeated Bdelivered Cabsorbed Dexposed4He found the cholera outbreak was so _that more than 500 people died in 10 days. Apositive Bsevere Cstrict Dcautious5The salesgirl is very good at _difficult customers，which pleases the manager very much. Aconfusing Bexpanding Cdisturbing Dhandling6The new railway is still under_ .It will be months before it is completed. Aoccupation Bfunction Caddition Dconstruction7Eating too much fat can _to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. Acontribute Brespond Cattend DAmount8The singer was very popular and got an _reception when he appeared on the stage. Ainformal Boptimistic Centhusiastic Daccurate9I think you should be _about giving your address to strangers. It might be dangerous. Aconfident Bcautious Cscientific Dpositive10The idea that the earth was flat and the sun moved around the earth was _centuries ago. Ainstructed Bpolluted Crejected Dreduced【答案】15 B A C B D 610 D A C B C.情态动词和虚拟语气专练1(2016北京昌平统考二)Well，I missed the early train to Suzhou.But had you hurried，you _ .2(2016浙江省高三第二次五校联考)That night，trapped alone in the mountain，she felt cold，hungry and scared.She _ (cry)3(2016杭州高级中学月考)If he _ (insist)that he _ (go)to work there，everything would be OK now.4(2016四川凉山三诊)Without your help，we _ (finish)this task on time.My pleasure.5(2016三峡名校联盟联考)I would rather _ (go)to work after my graduation，but my father would rather I _ (go)abroad for further education.6(2016北京海淀一模)Jeff, whats up？You are not yourself today.Oh，Mom. I really wish I _(get) the chance but I failed.7(2016四川绵阳南山中学调研)The weather turned out to be fine.I_(not take) the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.8(2016山东4月模拟冲刺) Dont be angry with us. We_(eat)out with you together, but we were busy with our final reports when you called in.9(2016浙江高考最后冲刺卷)It is required by law that enough evidence_(provide) to prove one is innocent of a crime.10(2016江西大联考)But for the fact that China_(be) also affected by the global economic crisis, we _(have) fewer unemployed workers now.2could have cried考查情态动词与完成时连用的用法。句意：那夜，被单独困在山中，她感到又冷又饿又害怕。她本来能够哭出来。根据语境是过去时，应用情态动词与完成时连用。could have done没有做本来能够做的事情。3had insisted；be sent考查虚拟语气在insist从句中的用法。若insist表示“坚持要求做某事”从句中应用shouldv.，should可省略；若insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”则从句需根据句意选择合适的时态。本句句意为：如果他坚持要求被派往那儿的话，现在一切都好了。事实上并非如此。4would not have finishedwithout，but for；要没有，相当于if从句。本句可改为if you hadnt helped us，we _ this task on time。这是与过去事实相反的句子。5go；went句意：我愿意毕业后参加工作，但我父亲却愿意我出国进修。“would rather动词原形”表示：愿意现在或将来做某事，故第一空用动词原形；在“would rather that从句”句型中，that从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的假设；用过去完成时表示过去的假设。6had got句意：杰夫，怎么了？你今天感觉不舒服吧。哦，妈妈。我真的希望我能把握住这个机会，可是我失败了。wish后面接的是宾语从句，从but I failed可以知道与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时态。7neednt have taken表示“本来没有必要做结果却做了”，是一种表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。8could have eaten句意：不要生我们的气。我们本来要与你一起外出吃饭的，但你打电话时，我们正在忙着完成最后的报告。此处表示与过去的情况相反的虚拟语气，主句的谓语要用could have done，表示“本来能够/本来会的，但实际情况不是这样”。9be provided句意：据法律要求，要有足够的证据被提供以证实一个人是无罪的。表示“要求”的动词require，与其相关的名词性从句用虚拟语气，采用“(should)do”的形式。10is; would have句意：要不是中国也受全球经济危机的影响这一事实，我们现在失业的工人就会更少。其条件隐含在But for.里，that后是一个同位语从句，指现在的情况，是事实，因此用一般现在时态，而后面部分是主句，表示与现在相反的情况，因此用虚拟语气。 III.短语填空put forward；link.to.；apart from；lead to；make sense；expose.to；look into；slow down；die of；at times1A black car cut in ahead of me，forcing me to_.2Without plenty of water，you will easily _thirst in the desert.3This essay is quite good a couple of spelling mistakes.4There is no doubt that stress can _physical illness.5I dont think it _to focus only on providing basic services.6I wrote a letter of complaint，and the airline have promised to _the matter.7Andrew can be very bad tempered _even though he is friendly in general.8A new approach to teaching languages was _at the meeting last week.9These colors will not last if they _the sun.10Scientists now _certain types of cancer _the amount of junk food that people eat. 【答案】1. slow down 2. die of 3. apart from 4. lead to 5. makes sense 6. look into 7. at times 8. put forward 9. are exposed to 10. link；toIV.完成句子1To prevent this from happening again，he suggested _ (所有的水源都要经过检测)(examine)2The water companies were instructed _(不能再让人们接 触被污染的水)(expose)3Yet Copernicus theory is now _(我们的宇宙 观赖以建立的基础)(basis)【答案】1. the source of all the water supplies be examined 2. not to expose people to polluted water any more 3. the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are builtV.模仿造句1It seemed that the water was to blame. 翻译我们不知道该怪谁。 _2A woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 翻译我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 _3Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 翻译我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。 _4They believed God had made the world and the earth must be the centre of the solar system. 翻译那不是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。 _5He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it. 翻译在亚洲的某些地方，你坐着时你的脚不能朝向别人。 _【答案】1. We dont know who is to blame. 2. I had the machine mended just now. 3. Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school. 4. That cant be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem. 5. In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.VI语法填空【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.In London, there are many so-called pop-up shops(流动商店). Why they get such a name is that they are just temporary 1 (arrange). Pop-up shops first appeared in the UK in the early 2000s. They were 2 (origin)a way for small companies to rent small space in great locations.In 2008，many businesses had to shut down. Shops and some offices 3 (leave)empty when people stopped 4 (run) them. Smart businessmen occupied some of them quickly because they could start a business with much 5 (low) risk. The temporary nature of a pop一up gave them the opportunity 6 ( test) a product and develop a customer base. Being small made 7 easier for pop-ups to expand if they were successful.Pop-up shops can take many different forms. They might be temporary shops in the high street or a shopping centre. hey might be simple market stalls. According to a 2014 report made 8 the Centre of Economic and Business Research, the pop-up industry was worth 2. 1 billion 9 it is expected to grow by 8.4% this year.Almost anything 10 can be on a high street can also be a pop-up. In an age of fast changing habits, the pop-up idea might be here to stay.1.arrangements 考查名词。此处需要的是名词形式，根据前文的are可知复数形式。故填arrangements。2.original 考查形容词。根据前文的were，此处为系表结构，故填original。3.were left 考查被动语态。此处指的是商店是被离开的，故填were left。4.running 考查固定用法。Stop doing停止做某事 指停止做原来的事情。故填running。5.lower 考查比较级。对much+形容词或副词的比较级，表示加强比较级的语气.故填lower。6.to test 考查固定用法。an opportunity to do做某事的机会。故填to test。7.it 考查固定用法。Make it + adj + to do是使得做某事怎么样的意思。故填it。8.by 考查介词。此处指的是由，故填by。9.and 考查连词。此处前后文是连接关系，应该用and连接。故填and。10.that 考查连词。考查定语从句。此处的先行词是anything，应该用that。故填that。考点：考查语法填空VII完形填空第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）【湖北省襄阳市第五中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When you eat out in a restaurant, it is not unusual to hear people yelling, “Let me get this one!” Sometimes you can see them 1 or arm wrestling to fight for the 2 for paying the bill. These fights are often very loud and active. Each person 3 shows an honest desire to pick up the bill, and in the end, all the people at the table give the winner praise and 4 . In fact, figuring out who will get the bill is always a 5 for Chinese people at formal meals. Although the people who 6 the meal are very likely to pay the check, it is a 7 practice to make an effort to pay the bill. But you will 8 them if you do end up actually collecting money. In recent years, going Dutch has been embraced by many young people. 9 , older generations who fear “losing 10 ” still find it embarrassing and mean to calculate each persons 11 of the bill. But these days, 12 digital payment apps, splitting (分摊) the bill 13 is becoming widely-accepted idea. Even people from 14 generations may want to do so. By scanning a code 15 paying their share via WeChat or Alipay on their phones in one easy click, Chinese are 16 it easy to relieve the embarrassment of figuring out each persons payment when they order a meal. This function has made going Dutch less 17 and more fun in China. “Many of us are never without our phones _18_ they are convenient. And person-to-person mobile payment services are incredibly 19 to use and at the same time save the trouble of 20 change,” said 18-year-old Han Chen, a student from Senior High School. 1.A.talking B.arguing C.pushing D.carrying2.A.turn B.privilege C.order D.right3.A.involved B.called C.selected D.invited4.A.courage B.comment C.apology D.gratitude5.A.headache B.tradition C.plan D.conflict6.A.eat B.cook C.host D.enjoy7.A.unusual B.strange C.unexpected D.common8.A.disappointB.frustrate C.embarrass D.inspire9.A.However B.Therefore C.Moreover D.Besides10.A.promise B.face C.credit D.money11.A.task B.pa rt C.ability D.share12.A.as well asB.according toC.thanks to D.apart from13.A.personallyB.electronicallyC.separately D.immediately14.A.younger B.newer C.older D.later15.A.and B.but C.or D.for16.A.hoping B.finding C.looking D.making17.A.sadness B.excitementC.quarrel D.trouble18.A.although B.because C.if D.so19.A.easy B.expensive C.difficult D.complex20.A.putting onB.setting asideC.providing with D.dealing with【解析】试题分析：本文主要介绍的是在中国现在正流行的利用电子应用软件实现AA制的趋势。1.C考查动词。A.talking谈话；B.arguing辩论；C.pushing促进；D.carrying搬运。有时候你会看到饭店里吃饭的人通过扳手腕争抢着付款。可知C项符合题意。2.B考查名词。A.turn转弯；B.privilege特权；C.order命令；D.right正确，右边。争取付款的特权。故选B。3.A考查动词。A.involved涉及，使参与；B.called打电话；C.select挑选D.invited邀请。涉及到的每个人。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故选A。4.D考查名词。A.courage名词；B.comment评论；C.apology道歉；D.gratitude感激。所有吃饭的人都给获胜者以赞美和感激。故选D。5.A考查名词。A.headache头疼；B.tradition传统；C.plan计划；D.conflict冲突。事实上，在中国吃饭时谁付款总是一件头疼的事。故选A。6.C考查动词。A.eat吃；B.cook做饭；C.host主持；D.enjoy喜爱。尽管主持饭局的人很可能支付支票。故选C。7.D考查形容词。A.unusual不寻常的；B.strange奇怪的；C.unexpected未料到的；D.common共同的，普通的，常见的。它是一个惯例。故选D。8.C考查动词。A.disappoint使失望；B.frustrate挫败；C.embarra使尴尬；D.inspire鼓舞，鼓励。但是如果你实际上是在收集钱，这将会使他们尴尬。故选C。 12.C考查词组。A.as well as还，又；B.according to按着；C.thanks to多亏，由于；D.apart from除-之外。由于数字支付应用，以电子形式分摊账单已成为被广泛接受的想法。故选C。13.B考查副词。A.personally就个人而言；B.electronically电子地；C.separately分离地；D.immediately立刻，马上。以电子形式分摊账单已成为被广泛接受的想法。故选B。14.C考查形容词比较级。A.younger更年轻；B.newer更新的；C.older更老的；D.later更迟的。甚至更老一代的人也想这样做。故选C。15.A考查并列连词。A.and和；B.but但是；C.or或者，否者；D.for因为。通过扫描一个密码来付款。可知此处是并列的递进关系，故选A。16.B考查动词。A.hoping希望；B.finding找到；C.looking看；D.making制造。中国人发现用这种方法很容易缓解计算每个人付款的尴尬。故选B。17.D考查名词。A.sadness伤心；B.excitement兴奋；C.quarrel争吵；D.trouble麻烦。在中国，这种功能使AA制变得更少的烦恼、更多的快乐。故选D。18.B考查连词。A.although尽管；B.because因为；C.if如果；D.so所以。我们中的很多人都有我们的手机号，因为它们是方便的。故选B。【名师点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/whats more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。比如第49.小题A考查副词。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Moreover而且，此外；D.Besides另外。最近，AA制已经为年轻人所认可。然而，害怕丢脸的更老的一代仍然认为计算每个人的付款是令人尴尬的和吝啬的。故选A。55小题15A考查并列连词。A.and和；B.but但是；C.or或者，否者；D.for因为。通过扫描一个密码来付款。可知此处是并列的递进关系，故选A。考点：考查科普类阅读VIII书面表达【湖北省沙市中学2017届高三上学期第二次考试】 假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发贴，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。 1表达给她提供帮助的意愿； 2说明你能胜任辅导的理由； 3给出讲好普通话的两点建议；4提出你学习英语的具体需求。注意：1词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；Hi Sharon,This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin 【答案】Dear Sharon, This is Li Xia, I learned from your post that you want to improv