高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧ppt课件

高考英语阅读解题方法指导一、猜词技巧,.,设问特点：1、从原文中找单词，短语或句子设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同，无法望文生义,只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确。3、所考单词有的是生词，有的是旧词新意。4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。5、错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意胡说。,。,.,猜测词义题目类型,1.对考纲外生词的猜测,Theunderlinedwordcultivated(paragraph1)roughlymeans_.,2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans,4.对句义的猜测,WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,3.对代词的猜测,Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto_.,词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“”means_.,Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?,Ignorethemandcontinuereading,Lookthemupinthedictionary,Guessthemeaning,1.Hewould_thegoldfromhisgrandma.2.Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite_.,Howtoguessthemissingwords?,Harveyisathief:hewould_thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.,steal,Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeperson,Hobartisquite_.,ordinary-looking,plain/homely,Skillsforguessingunknownwords:,1.Thelionhasits“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.“territory”means_,anarea(that-own)动物地盘,2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever,定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释,技巧归纳1:Use_利用_,definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义,mean,referto,becalled,beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,namely，becalled，beidentifiedas，toputitdifferently括号,引号,破折号，定语从句.etc.,Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽）,oryoungleavesoftrees.Theword“pruning”means_A.RegularcuttingoftheplantsB.FrequentwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧归纳2：Using_根据_,commonsenseorexperience普通常识和经验,技巧归纳3:利用_from_,2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.A少儿期B幼儿期C青春期D成人期,同义/同位语similarity/appositive,1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today“ocelot”means_,anendangeredwildcat,ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers,技巧归纳4:利用_,举例fromexamples,Signalwords：forexample，forinstance，suchas，like，as，etc.,技巧归纳5：利用_From_,1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飘）withthewindlikefeathers.,2.Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.,雪花，雪片,爱交际的,比较或对比comparisonorcontrast,Signalwords:as,like,thesameas，unlike,but，however,onthecontrary,while,insteadect.,技巧归纳6:利用_From_,(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.dis“不”+satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的”。,构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Wordformation,.,合成Compounding,转化Conversion,派生Derivation,构词法Wordformation,prefix,suffix,.,表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背pro-,anti-表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间pre,fore-,post-表方位sub-,inter-,trans-,prefix,decontroltransplantcounterattack,解除控制,移植,反击,.,suffix,-able（能的）-less（无，不）wards（向）-ship（身份；资格；权力；性质）-some（易于的）hood（状态；性质；时期）-ish（如的；有点儿的）-proof(防的；不能穿透的）-scape（景）-most(最的）,waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless,.,Heissaidtobe“undersizedwith“shortlegsanda“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模),派生Derivation,小尺寸的;较矮小的;,超自然的,风景,不可否认的,.,Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where（06广东卷）,合成Compounding,谁都不知是什么地方,.,Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks（09广东卷）,转化Conversion,v.n.发言，发表意见,n.v.倚靠,1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sick,clever,技巧归纳7:利用_From_,同义词或反义词的关系猜词。SynonymorAntonym.,1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“”.AfullofrespectBrudeandtooconfidentClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquiet,B,技巧归纳8：利用_From_,原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResult,Signalwords:because,so,sothathence,thereforeAsaresult,assince,for,thus,Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest技巧归纳9:Use_利用_,workedasanengineer.,contextorrelatedinformation上下文的语境,.,利用上下文,熟词新义,生活常识,找信息词,指代关系,.,1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?,2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.,imagine,speech,.,（福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout,.,WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon,.,(全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,dontinsisthetellyouwhatsonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathellclamup.69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean?A.becomeexcitedB.showrespectC.refusetotalkD.seekhelp,.,Asawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowImafraid.(14广东卷)58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto_.A.ataxiB.themoneyC.abombD.publictransport,this,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键.,猜词技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1.利用定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验3.利用同义/同位语4.利用举例5.利用比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境,1.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydontunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans_.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething,常识teacher-students,2.Whensomekindofpainkiller(止痛药）wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective（无效的）.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterest,D,因果关系because,3.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes.“hazard”means_A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attraction,C,举例forexample,4.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means_ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess,C,上下文语境contextorrelatedinformation,5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothemaformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality.Theword“favoritismisusedtodescribethephenomenonthat_.A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess,破折号（定义或同位语）,6.Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Thatistosay,ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.“Objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject_StillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.StillstayssolidD.isbeyondreach,A,1.定义definitionthatistosay也就是说2.构词法permanentpermanence,7.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.,Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests,比较comparison(instead相反,反而),8.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeans.AsimpleBmixedCsadDhappy,B,definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义,9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmetodeath.”Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.,对比contrastnormalbut-unusual,10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat,构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist,.,Practiceinthepassage,11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.,Getworse,12.Theanimalwiththelongevityisthegiantlandtortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears.,长寿,13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_,脊椎动物,14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.,concentrate/focusherattentionon,15.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.,Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall,16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?,co（共同的）-education-al男女同校教育的,17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.,country,Ex2:“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasntagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy,Ex3:Andifyouvegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith-ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoy,Theunderlinedwordconflictmeans_.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling,Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.,Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement,Practice,MarkTwainwasnottheauthorsrealname;itwasapseudonym.,2.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.,apenname.,Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall,Thehousestoodattheendofaquietneatstreet.Thelittledwelling,however,lookedneglectedandcheerless.,.,福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofTheWeatherMakers:HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融化）oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.73.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyrefertoA.freezingpointsB.burningpointsC.meltingpointsD.boilingpoints,suchas,.,(广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscantbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans_.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed,.,(广东卷）EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshestheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.Theunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”overmeans_.A.showmuchconcernaboutB.haveaspecialeffectonC.listjobstobedoneforD.dogoodthingsfor,because,.,(年四川卷）Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?_A.keepeverythingoutofcampgroundsB.takeawayeverythingyoubringinC.carryallthenecessaryfoodD.lookafteryourpersonalbelongings,.,(2009江西卷)NewarchaeologicaldiscoverssuggestthattradebetweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadprobablybeganinsomeformmanycountriesearlierthanoncethought.Thefindings,coupledwithawideningrangeofscientificandhistoricalresearchcouldaddafascinatingnewpagetotheepicoftheSilkRoad.72.Theword“coupled”inthefirstparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby.A.producedB.contributedC.doubledD.combined,.,Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhi