unit 7; Understanding Sentences(1)ppt课件

.,ReadingSkill:UnderstandingSentences,.,Asentencemaybedifficultwhen,itsstructureiscomplexafigureofspeechisinvolved,.,1.Howtodealwithcomplexsentences?,Removethemodifyingelementsandreducethesentenceintoitscorepart,thatis,thesubject,verbandobjectofasentence;Identifymodifyingelementsandrelatethemtothecoreparts;Identifysubordinateclausesandrelatethemtothemainclause.,.,Examples,Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandarefastasleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.themainclauseelectricityisworkingforusEvenwhen.anadverbialclauseoftimedriving.,heating.,orkeeping.-ingparticiplesaccompanyingthemainverb“isworking”,.,Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.themainclauseitismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathomethantogoout.therealsubjectForafamilyoffour,forexample,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailableinsertedparts,.,Duringthesummervacationafine-lookingyoungman,whowasmajoringinliteratureatatopuniversity,askedforaninterview,andbeforewehadtalkedforfivesminutes,helaunchedintohiscomplaint.themainclauseafine-lookingmanaskedforaninterview,andhelaunchedintohiscomplaintDuringthesummervacationatimeadverbialwhowasmajoring.arelativeclausemodifying“youngman”beforewe.anadverbialclauseoftime,.,TheBushadministrationanditsdefendershavechieflysoughttolimitapublic-relationsdisaster-thespreadingofthephotographs-ratherthandealwiththecomplexcrimesofleadershipandofpolicyrevealedbythepictures.themainclauseTheBushadministrationanditsdefendershavechieflysoughttolimitapublic-relationsdisasterratherthandealwiththecomplexcrimesthespreadingofthephotographsinsertedinformationtoillustrate“apublic-relationsdisaster”ofleadershipandofpolicymodifying“thecomplexcrimes”revealedbythepicturesmodifying“thecomplexcrimes”,.,ProminentChineseAmericanauthorIrisChang,whoseinternationalbestseller“TheRapeofNanking”resurrected(使复活)thelong-ignoredatrocities(暴行)bytheJapanesemilitaryonChineseciviliansduringWorldWarII,diedNov.9fromaself-inflictedgunshotwoundinhercaralongaruralroadsouthofLosGatos,Calif.Ms.Chang,36,hadbeenbattlingclinicaldepression,saidherliteraryagent,SusanRabiner,andhadbeenhospitalized,treatedandreleasedfivemonthsago.,.,ProminentChineseAmericanauthorIrisChang,whoseinternationalbestseller“TheRapeofNanking”resurrected(使复活)thelong-ignoredatrocities(暴行)bytheJapanesemilitaryonChineseciviliansduringWorldWarII,diedNov.9fromaself-inflictedgunshotwoundinhercaralongaruralroadsouthofLosGatos,Calif.Ms.Chang,36,hadbeenbattlingclinicaldepression,saidherliteraryagent,SusanRabiner,andhadbeenhospitalized,treatedandreleasedfivemonthsago.,.,2.Gettingfamiliarwithfiguresofspeech,Figuresofspeech:Afigureofspeechistheuseofawordorwordsdivergingfromitsusualmeaning.Itcanbespecialarrangementsuchasrepetition,omission,inversion,etc.Itcanalsobeaphrasewithaspecializedmeaningnotbasedontheliteralmeaningofthewordsinit,asinidiom,metaphor,simile,hyperbole,orpersonification,etc.,.,Figuresofspeechoftenprovideemphasis,freshnessofexpression,orclarity.However,claritymayalsosufferfromtheiruse,asanyfigureofspeechintroducesanambiguitybetweenliteralandfigurativeinterpretation.,.,examples,Shewouldrunupthestairsandthenanewsetofcurtains.Shewouldrunupthestairsandthen(runup)anewsetofcurtains.(omission)ThisIreportedtothepolice.IreportedThistothepolice.(inversion)Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach.(metaphor)Ifeltnervousandanxious.(metaphor)我的心七上八下的。Itwaslikehavingsomebutterfliesinmystomach.Itwaslikehavingsomebutterfliesinmystomach.(simile),.,YouaresuchanEinstein.YouaresuchanEinstein.(hyperbole,sarcasm,metaphor)Themoonisridinginthesky./Loveisblind.Themoonisridinginthesky./Loveisblind.(personification)Thatbuildingisalittlebitbigandprettyugly.Thatbuildingisalittlebitbigandprettyugly.(oxymoron),.,Whenthereisneedofsilence,youspeak,andwhenthereisneedofspeech,youaredumb;whenyouarepresent,youwishtobeabsent,andwhenabsent,youdesiretobepresent;inpeaceyouareforwar,andinwaryoulongforpeace;incouncilyoudescantonbravery,andinthebattleyoutremble.(parallelism,antithesis)Slangislanguagethattakesoffcoat,spitsonitshand,andgoestowork.Slangisaneffectivelanguage.(personification),.,idioms:Atthesightoftheenemytroops,thefrightenedsoldiershowedacleanpairofheels.-getaway;fleeThepoorgirlhadtobearhercross.-Thepoorgirlsufferedalotbutshejusthadtostandit.ThepolicecaughtJohnred-handed.ThepolicecaughtJohnonthespot/whenhewasintheact.IwilldropyoualineassoonasIgetthere.-Iwillwritetoyou.,.,Discussion,Howtoimprovetheabilitytounderstanddifficultsentenceswhilereading?,.,Toimprovetheabilitytodealwithdifficultsentences,LearnthevariousfiguresofspeechReadasmuchaspossiblesoastoopenyoureyestovariouskindsofcomplexsentencestheuseoffiguresofspeechinvarioussituations,.,.,MainIdeaandStructure,narration(spatialorder)(Para.1)Mr.MillershomeatSantaClaravalleyBucklivedacomfortablelifewithMr.Miller,.,(Para.5)SanFranciscoBuckwasstolenbyManuelandsoldtoamanwhobroughthimtoSanFrancisco.,.,(Para.6)SeattleBuckwassoldtoafatmanfromwhomhelearnedthelawofclubandwhointurnsoldhimtoPerraultandFrancois.Buckexperiencedhisfirstsnow.,.,(Para.21)DyeaBeachinthenorthPerraultandFrancoisbroughtBuckandotherdogsthere.Thedogshadafight,andCurlywaskilledThedogsweremadetoworkinaharness.Bucklearnedtosleepundersnow.(ThelastPara.)FrancoisandPerraultbegantheirwayuptheDyeaCanyonwithallthedogsinharness,.,thedogsthatwouldgotothenorthwithPerraultandFrancois:Para.17:BuckandCurly(dead)Para.18:SpitzandDavePara.26:BilleeandJoePara.31:threemoredogs,.,Previewingandpredicting,Afterreadingthepartinthetextbook,whatdoyouthinkwillhappentoBuck?Willheescapefrommanshandandcontrolhisownfate?Willhebecomeapetagain?Orwillhebewilderthanbefore?Ifyouhavesuchquestionsinyourmindafterfinishingthepartinthetextbook,youaremostlikelytobecuriousenoughtofindtherestchaptersandreadthem.,.,TheCalloftheWild,ChapterI.IntothePrimitiveChapterII.TheLawofClubandFangChapterIII.TheDominantPrimordialBeastChapterIV.WhoHasWontoMastershipChapterV.TheToilofTraceandTrailChapterVI.FortheLoveofaManChapterVII.TheSoundingoftheCall,.,Introduction,TheCalloftheWildfirstappearedinserialforminthepopularmagazineTheSaturdayEveningPostin1903.Laterthatyear,anexpandedversionwaspublishedinbookformandenjoyedfavorablereviewsandcommercialpopularity.ThenovelssimplestyleandcrudedepictionofharshrealitiesinthefrozenKlondikeregionappealedtoareadingpublictiredofthesentimental,romanticizedfictionthatdominatedtheliterarymarketplace.,.,MainIdea,Agripping,fast-pacedtaleofadventure,TheCalloftheWildfocusesonBuck,apamperedsheepdogstolenfromaCaliforniaranchandtransportedtothearctic.Bucksstruggletosurviveonthearctictraildemonstratestheprecariousnatureoflifeinthewild.,.,LiteraryQuality,TheCalloftheWildexemplifiesthefeaturesofaturn-of-the-centurymovementknownasliterarynaturalism:thestoryispresentedrealisticallyanddirectly,anddramatizestheforceofenvironmentinshapingcharacter.TheCalloftheWildiswidelyacclaimedasLondonsbestworkoffiction.Theauthorsfirmcontroloftheplotandfocusedpointofviewgivethestoryitsremarkablecoherence.,.,Thebooksuggeststhatenvironmentshapescharacter,andemphasizesthatprimitiveinstinctsoftenhiddenbeneathaveneerofcivilizationareneverlosttotheindividual.Providingafascinatingglimpseofawayoflifethathasalmostvanished,TheCalloftheWildsuggeststhatcreaturessurvivebestwhentheyadapttothenaturalworld,ratherthantryingtoimposechangeontheirenvironment.,.,Reflection,WhatdoesTheCalloftheWildmakeyouthinkaboutyourattitudetowardsadversity?,.,JackLondon,prolificrestlesspopularhard-workingcourageous,adventurous,energeticphysicallyunhealthyattractive,handsomeandromantic,.,Prolific,JackLondonisaprolificAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter(fifty-oneofhisbooksandhundredsofhisarticles),whoseworksdealromanticallywiththeoverwhelmingpowerofnatureandthestruggleforsurvival.,.,Restless,Jacksextensivelifeexperiencesincluded:beingalaborer,factoryworker,oysterpirateontheSanFranciscoBay,memberoftheCaliforniaFishPatrol,sailor,railroadhobo（流浪）,andgoldprospector(intheKlondikefrom1897-1898).,.,Popular,Hiswritingappealednottothefew,buttomillionsofpeopleallaroundtheworld.Today,almostcountlesseditionsofLondonswritingsareavailableandsomeofthemhavebeentranslatedintoasmanyasseventydifferentlanguages.,.,EnergeticandAdventurous,Somehow,hemanagedtodohiswritingandstillfindtimetogoswimming,horsebackriding,orsailingonSanFranciscoBay.Healsospent27monthscruisingtheSouthPacificintheSnark,putintwotoursofdutyasanoverseaswarcorrespondent,.,Hard-working,Hetriednevertomisshisearlymorning1,000-wordwritingstint,andbetween1900and1916hecompletedoverfiftybooks,includingbothfictionandnon-fiction,hundredsofshortstories,andnumerousarticlesonawiderangeoftopics.Severalofthebooksandmanyoftheshortstoriesarecla