人教版初三英语寒假预习unit11-unit14杨丽娜.docx

I.words and expressions wordsshark, fin, cruel, harmful, chain, ecosystem, industry, law, scientific, afford, reusable, transportation, recycle, napkin .phrasesbe harmful to, at the top of, the food chain, take part in, turn off, pay for, take action.II.Language points1. When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean.cut off 切掉e.g. Take care not to cut off the buds. 当心不要把幼芽儿切掉。【拓展】“动词+ off”构成的短语有：take off 脱掉；起飞get off 下车turn off 关上set off 出发put off 推迟show off 炫耀run off 跑掉keep off 远离；不接触2. A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。 no longer意思是“不再” e.g.Im no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。 有两个短语和no longer同义，即notany longer和notany more，但侧重的方面不同。 no longer和notany longer侧重时间。 e.g.He no longer lives here.= He doesnt live here any longer. 他不在这儿居住了。(一段时间以前他住在这儿，过了这段时间，他就离开了。) notany more侧重侧重程度和数量 e.g.You can drink no more. = You cant drink any more. 你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。) 3. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。 not onlybut also 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅而且”; 其中的also有时可以省略。 (1) She not only plays well, but also writes music.她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。 (2) Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。 若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。 e.g.Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。 not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。 e.g.Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。 be harmful to 对 有害 e.g.Smoking is harmful to the health. 吸烟有损健康。 Playing computer games much is harmful to students. 电脑游戏玩太多对学生有害。 3. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem. 鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。 at the top of 在.最高地位; 用最高最大的(速度, 声音等) e.g.I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly. 我看他的头顶, 头发光亮, 分得平滑。 He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。 4. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. 如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量，当number表示“数量”时，是可数名词。而且当number表示数值的高或低时，要用high或low修饰，常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。 e.g.In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village. 在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。 The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently. 近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。 【拓展】a number of和the number of的区别a number of是大量的，等于a lot of等一类的词，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用复数。the number of是.的数量，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.A number of apples are red. 许多苹果是红色的。 The number of students is 2000. 学生的数量是2000人。5. Environment protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. 世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。 (1) 句中fin本为名词，指 “鱼鳍”。此句中的finning由动词化的fin（割鲨鱼鳍以获取鱼翅）的-ing形式转化而成，指课文中所陈述的 “猎翅”这一行为。 (2) WildAid和WWF组织 WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机构，1999年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救助世界范围内的野生动物；WWF（世界自然基金会）英文全称为World Wide Fund for Nature，成立于1961年，是享有国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。 6. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them?so far表示“到目前为止，迄今为止”，是现在完成时havehas done的标志。除so far之外，现在完成时的标志词还有：for, since, already, yet, recently和in the lastpast few yearsmonthsdays,over the yearsmonthdays等.e.g. So far we havent found out an effective way to cure Aids.迄今为止，我们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效办法。题型一：单项选择 【例1】(2015年山东中考）We have to _ the bike ride because of the bad weather. A. put off B. turn off C. take off D. get off 【答案】A 【例2】(2014年山东中考) -What _ the number of the students in your school？ -About two thousand. A number of them _ from the countryside. A is; are B is; is C are; is D are; are 【答案】A 【例3】(2014年广东中考)-What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson? -Pretty good, I think he _ a great job so far. A. does B. did C. has done D. was done 【答案】C 题型二：完成句子 【例4】抽烟对你的健康有害。Smoking is _ _ your health. 【答案】harmful to 【例5】是时候采取行动保护环境了。 Its time to _ _ to protect the environment. 【答案】take action 【例6】那种动物位于食物链的顶端？ Which animal is _ _ _ _ the food chain? 【答案】at the top of 【例7】当地政府已经制定了法律来保护这些濒危的动物。 The local government _ _ _ to protect the endangered animals. 【答案】has developed laws 【例8】他喜欢参加户外活动。 He likes to _ _ _ outdoors activities. 【答案】take part inI. 选择方框中合适的单词填空so although if but when 1. Many people do not realize they are killing a whole shark _ they enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup.2. Sharks are at the top of the food chain, _ if their numbers drop, the oceans ecosystem will be in danger.3. Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, _ they are wrong.4. _ there are no scientific studies to support this, a lot of people believe that shark fins are good for health. 5. Sharks may disappear one day_ we do not do something to stop the sale of shark fins.答案：1-5 when, so, but, Although, if II. 按要求完成句子1. “Dont park your car here,”the man told me. (改为间接引语)The man told me _ _ _ my car there.2. Tom left Shanghai two weeks ago because of his new job. (改为同义句)Tom _ _ _from Shanghai for two weeks because of his new job.3. He has cleaned the room.(改为被动句)The room _ _ _ by him.4. He used to drink too much cola.(改为否定句)He _ _ _ drink too much cola.5. To protect the environment, they decided not to throw rubbish into the river.(改为同义句)_ _ _ protect the environment , they decided not to throw rubbish into the river.答案：1.not to park 2.has been away 3.has been cleaned 4.didnt use to 5.in order toIII. 补全对话A: Hi, Wang Ning! I didnt see you yesterday. _1._?B: Oh, I went to the cinema and saw a film.A: _2._?B: Its about animals.A: _3._?B: It was wonderful. But it also made me very sad.A: Did you learn a lot from the film?B: _4._. I learned a lot about the endangered(濒临灭绝的) animals. We cant see most of them on earth today.A: Sorry to hear that.B: I think we should do something to save them. Lets join the Love Animal Club first.A: _5._. I think the club must be helpful and interesting.B: Then we should do it as soon as possible.A: OK.答案：1.Where did you go?/What did you do? 2.Whats it about?/What does it talk about? 3.What do you think of it?/How do you like it? 4.Yes, I did./Yes. /Yes, of course. 5.Good idea./I agree./All right./OK./Why not? , 词汇运用之动词的时态和语态考点1：动词时态 一般现在时 时间状语：now, everyday, often, sometimes, once a week 结构：主语+dodoes+其他 一般过去时 时间状语：last, ago, just now 结构：主语+did+其他 现在进行时 时间状语：now, look ,listen 结构：主语+amisare+doing+其他 过去进行时时间状语：while 结构：主语+waswere+doing+其他 一般将来时 时间状语：in the future, in +段时间;主将从现 结构：主语+will+do+其他 现在完成时 时间状语：already, just, yet, so far, up to now , up till now, for +段时间, since +点时间, in the last/past years, over the years, twice, many times 结构：主语+havehas+done+其他考点2：被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 am/is/are done 一般过去时被动语态 was/were done 一般将来时被动语态 will be done 含情态动词的被动语态 can/ could/ should be done 题型一：动词时态 【例1】 When I was a child, I often _ (play) football in the street. 【答案】played 【例2】If you_ (come) this afternoon, well have a meeting. 【答案】comes 【例3】Actually , you _(feel) more relaxed if you talk with them face to face. 【答案】will feel 【例4】Since then her life _(change) greatly. 【答案】has changed 【例5】The students _ (write)busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 【答案】were writing题型二：被动语态 【例1】She wanted to kill herself but _(save) by a doctor. 【答案】was saved 【例2】If you dont know when and where you should _(look) after by yourself, you wont be able to stay away from illness. 【答案】be looked 【例3】Although no return _(need),we should do something for parents. 【答案】is needed 【例4】You can cheer yourself up and your time can _(save) in the following ways. 【答案】be saved 【例5】Wechat provides safer and more convenient communication ways than QQ or Weibo. So it _(love) by many people. 【答案】is loved 词汇运用 sharks harm fall bring group especially strong die stop catch tell want Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is 1._ popular in southern China. But do you realize that youre killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch 2._, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. This method is not only cruel, but also 3._to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly 4._. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it 5._danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the 6._in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks 7._ and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks 8._by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection 9._around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning.” they have even asked governments to develop laws 10._the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! 答案：1.especially 2.sharks 3.harmful 4.dies 5.will bring 6.strongest 7.are caught 8.have fallen 9.groups 10.to stop 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 Were dinosaurs (恐龙) warm-blooded or cold-blooded? According to a new study, scientists have found that they were somewhere in the middle. This new study shows that dinosaurs were very different from most of todays animals that are either warm or cold-blooded.6 “I think we were all surprised by this,”said Felisa Smith from the University of New Mexico. “The idea certainly took some getting used to.” The last dinosaurs lived on the earth more than 60 million years ago. However, there is always more to discover about these ancient animals. A study by a team of scientists led by John M. Grady of the university studied many different kinds of dinosaurs in their research. They looked at growth rate (比率), body temperature and body size of different kinds of dinosaurs. How are warm-blooded animals different from cold-blooded animals? Warm-blooded animals like humans can control their body temperature. They eat a lot, and burn calories (卡路里) quickly. They have a more active lifestyle than cold-blooded animals. While cold-blooded animals such as snakes do not control their body temperature. Instead, they must use sunlight to keep warm, and they move much more slowly. Cold-blooded animals do not need to eat very much. Their bodies slow down in colder temperatures. Dinosaurs were in the middle because they didnt completely control their body temperature, but their body temperature didnt only depend on the environment either. This helped dinosaurs and allowed them to live for so many years. Besides dinosaurs, there are other animals that are not completely warm-blooded or cold-blooded, such as great white sharks. ( )1. According to the new study, _.A. dinosaurs were cold-blooded B. dinosaurs were warm-blooded C. dinosaurs were not completely warm-blooded or cold-bloodedD. some dinosaurs were warm-blooded and some were cold-blooded ( )2. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means that _.A. its bad news to get the idea B. its good news to get the ideaC. the idea is the same as what scientists predicted D. the idea is different from what people usually think( )3. John M. Grady and his team studied many things about different kinds of dinosaurs EXCEPT their _.A. body size B. eating habit C. growth rate D. body temperature ( )4. Warm-blooded animals _. live an active life eat a lot need sunlight to keep warm dont control their body temperature A. B. C. D. ( )5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Great white sharks are cold-blooded.B. Most of todays animals are either warm or cold-blooded.C. Cold-blooded animals move slowly in colder temperatures.D. Dinosaurs body temperature didnt only