新标准大学英语综合教程4-unit7

精品教育Unit7Active reading (1)Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.2 The passage is the story of a home, the people who lived there and how life has changed over the years,as narrated by the house itself.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why does the narrator never see his neighbour face on?(a) Because he cant really see.(b) Because the neighbour is a long way away.(c) Because the narrator and the neighbour are joined in a line.(d) Because the morning sun shines on the narrator instead of the neighbour.2 What was the main effect of the arrival of the young woman in the groundsmans home?(a) She brought companionship, a family and happiness into the home.(b) The children grew older and taller in the home.(c) The groundsman didnt have to work so much in the manor house gardens.(d) The home became very noisy.3 Why do you think the couple was holding each other and weeping?(a) Because the couple was growing older.(b) Because the children had grown up and disappeared.(c) Because the daughter had got married.(d) Because the postman had brought bad news about the son.4 How does the narrator feel generally about the years passing?(a) He regrets the people, the new buildings and the traffic.(b) He thinks the neighbouring houses are ugly.(c) He is nostalgic about the past, although he enjoys some of the benefits of progress.(d) He wishes people would spend more time at home.5 How do we know the narrator is getting old?(a) No one is looking after the narrator properly.(b) The narrator has lots of golden memories.(c) There are strange sounds and signs of people who have lived there in the past.(d) The neighbourhood isnt what it used to be.6 What do you think is going to happen to the house?(a) Another family will come and live there.(b) The traffic around it will get worse.(c) Its going to be pulled down.(d) The workmen are going to use it as a workplace.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 a small house built on land belonging to a large house (lodge)2 to provide furniture (furnish)3 feeling rough and hard (coarse)4 to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use (install)5 to build something by putting parts together (assemble)6 a group of workers who do physical work (gang)7 a machine or piece of equipment that does a particular thing (device)8 a machine or a piece of equipment you have in your home (appliance)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.When the (1) gang of workmen arrived, the (2) lodge was in a poor state of repair. They began by(3) installing electricity and then (4) assembled the various pieces of a modern kitchen with all the best(5) appliances such as a washing machine and refrigerator. The walls were rather (6) coarse after years ofneglect, so they used a(n) (7) device to make them smooth again. Finally, they (8) furnished it with tables,chairs, sofas and beds, until the house was as comfortable as it used to be.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The two buildings looked exactly the same from the outside, but were very different inside. (identical)2 When spring arrives the garden is full of flowers on the trees. (blossoms)3 The postman used to bring the mail in a large group of things tied together, but these days, we only getthe occasional letter. (bundle)4 She felt suddenly unconscious for a short time when she heard the dreadful news. (fainted)5 At the place where two or more roads meet, there are often queues of traffic. (crossroad)6 I sometimes feel unhappy and angry at the noise and traffic, but most of the time I ignore them. (resent)7 When you leave apples on the ground, they are gradually destroyed by a natural process, and cant becollected and stored. (decay)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is a clearing likely to be (a) an area of woodland, or (b) an area in a wood where there are no trees?2 If something gleams, is it likely to be (a) bright, or (b) dull light?3 Is a riot of colours likely to be (a) just one or two, or (b) lots of different colours?4 If a child gurgles happily, is this likely to be (a) a low, or (b) a high-pitched sound?5 Is a metallic sound likely to be made by (a) something metal, or (b) wooden?6 If a dog howls, does it make (a) a long, loud sound, or (b) a weak, high sound?7 Is a creak likely to be a sound made by (a) something new, or (b) something old?8 If a gate has fallen off its hinges, is it likely to (a) open and shut normally, or (b) stay open?Reading and interpreting9 Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.1 . I do know that strangely, although were identical, were the exact opposite of each other .Why are the house and its neighbour identical yet the exact opposite of each other? sort of works for some of the information- though I have never seen such an arrangement. But thepreposition over will not work, and surely there are two bedrooms or what is the other room? Weknow it is not a bathroom- and if there are two bedrooms, how can you say the room arrangement is theopposite as in both cases there are two bedrooms?2 Soon there were children to look after too .In what way does the house look after the children?The house provides shelter and keeps them warm and dry.3 I thought they looked rather coarse against my handsome stone.Does the house like the new brick houses being built? Why / Why not?No, he does not think brick is as fine a material as stone. The word coarse is negative in connotation.4 But we were all warm and clean, and although it was different, it wasnt unpleasant.What does the house feel about progress?Fairly positive although a little nervous.5 My floorboards creak, and ghosts make strange noises throughout the night.If the house were a human, what would creaking floorboards and ghosts suggest?Old age with stiff muscles and many memories.6 Round the bend comes a large crane with a kind of ball and chain. I do hope it will go away.What do you think the crane is coming to do? Do you think it will go away?Balls are used to smash down walls so it sounds as if the building will be demolished rather thanrepaired. If so, the crane will not go away.Active reading (2)Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 Why does the writer suggest that the first photos of Earth from space came as a shock?They offered a new perspective. They allowed us to see our planet from the outside.2 What does the passage suggest are the advantages of progress?People have more comfortable and longer lives.3 What are the disadvantages of progress?Population growth and as a result overuse of resources, pollution etc.4 In what ways are we similar to other people around the world?We consume similar products and services.5 In what ways are we different?We value our individualism and points of difference from others as reflected in the details of our homes.6 What does our home encourage us to do?Relax, be ourselves and look inward.7 Why is watching television ironic?It results in looking outwards at affairs beyond the home.8 How have the roles of women changed?They can follow careers outside the home and have much less time to be housewives.9 Why will it require wisdom and care to ensure people remain safe and satisfied in their homes?The modern world is pushing us towards uniformity and reducing freedom of choice. It will be difficultto balance this against what people want from their homes and lives. Changes to the family itself mayalso happen with unknown consequences.10 Why might planet Earth become unrecognizable?Homes with families and comfort may have disappeared.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to develop and make more modern (industrialize)2 to suffer something difficult or unpleasant patiently over a long period of time (endure)3 smooth-moving and attractive-looking (graceful)4 a strong feeling of dislike (hatred)5 to stop happening or continuing (cease)6 to take control of (conquer)7 intended, not done by chance or by accident (deliberate)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 Many animals, like the antelope and the swan, move with such grace that we humans can only admirethem.2 In the 17th century, the Founding Fathers escaped from England because their religion was hated by theEnglish, but their endurance allowed them to escape to North America and create the US.3 Industrialized nations have more social and fewer economic problems than developing countries.4 The US government deliberately chose the name the “Department of Homeland Security” in order tostress the importance of home.5 The conquest of space is one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century.6 There is an enduring need to remind ourselves that the Earths resources are finite.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.In comparison with small buildings, local communities, towns and cities, the Earth is (1) extremelylarge, but we call all of these our home, where we enjoy our (2) basic human right of clean water, adequatefood and personal security. Yet this right creates (3) extreme pressure on the Earths resources, and wemay feel that the human spirit contains an unusual self-destructive (4) characteristic. Its as if we humanswork at the (5) main offices of planet Earth, building it and making it stronger and stronger, but with theability to bring it down and destroy it. (6) In the end, its our personal duty to leave the Earth as (7) wholeand undamaged as we found it when we arrived.Key: (1) immense (2) birthright (3) incredible (4) streak (5) headquarters(6) Ultimately (7) intact7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If buffalos roam, do they move (a) in a deliberate way, or (b) in no particular direction or without anypurpose?2 Is an emotive word likely to be one which causes (a) strong, or (b) weak feelings?3 If you hunker down, are you likely to (a) go out and look for trouble, or (b) look for a safe place toshelter?4 Is domain likely to be (a) an obligation of a particular person or a group, or (b) an area of activitytraditionally associated with them?5 Is a place that is habitable somewhere you can (a) live, or (b) travel to?6 If something is immoral, is it likely to be (a) right, or (b) wrong?7 If something takes an inordinate amount of time, does it take (a) a lot of time, or (b) little time?Language in useInversion1 Rewrite the sentences using inversion.1 The sound of children playing came from around the house.From around the house came the sound of children playing.2 More houses stood on top of the hill.On top of the hill stood more houses3 Horseless carriages passed in front of the house.In front of the house passed horseless carriages.4 Two middle-aged women lived here.Here lived two middle-aged women.5 A lorry stops at the front of the house.At the front of the house stops a lorry.6 A large crane comes round the bend.Round the bend comes a large crane.Granted, 2 Rewrite the sentences using Granted , 1 I admit that we recognized Earth from maps and drawings, but it was the first time we had seen photosof it.Granted, we recognized Earth from maps and drawings, but it was the first time we had seen photosof it.2 I admit it was familiar, but it was still unusual.Granted, it was familiar, but it was still unusual.3 I admit we could raise standards of living, but we also know that the growth of population is out ofcontrol.Granted, we could raise standards of living, but we also know that the growth of population is out ofcontrol.4 I admit we have learnt to like the same things, but we also recognize our individual natures.Granted, we have learnt to like the same things, but we also recognize our individual natures.5 I admit that womens roles have changed, but mens roles have not.Granted, womens roles have changed, but mens roles have not.binomials3 Complete the sentences with suitable binomials from the box.1 There are lots of good things to eat. You can pick and choose.2 His secretary looked very prim and proper and the whole meeting was very formal.3 When I write a story, I write the ending first, and then work backwards. I write back to front.4 When I go on holiday, I dont want to do much. I just need some peace and quiet.5 Dont worry, well find your wallet sooner or later.6 This is the best I can do for this activity. Take it or leave it.Additional activityMatch the binomials with their meaning.1 d 2 f 3 j 4 g 5 a 6 b 7 i 8 c 9 h 10 ecollocations4 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than onecollocation is possible.1 The results led him to abandon his belief that the climate was not changing.2 The international community is a vague term used to refer to all the governments of the world.3 She is achieving great success / popularity as a designer of stylish home furnishings.4 The government is facing immense pressure to provide cheap housing for the growing population.5 The minister has set up a working party to look into the problem of homelessness.6 If you have a spare room, you could take in a student and make a little extra money.5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.In so many ways, we now share our home and our homes with so many others. From Australia toZambia, we wear baseball caps and watch Hollywood movies. Markets in Morocco sell radios made inSingapore, and we all watch television and enjoy the same type of programmes. Are people obliged to dothis, or do they simply want to?Yet at heart, while we have learnt or have been taught? to like and aspire towards the same things, werecognize a streak of individualism in ourselves, a consciousness of difference, of our own uniqueness.And when life on Earth gets overwhelming, people retreat into themselves, into their homes.The word home is an emotive one. Its a deliberate choice to call the organization to protect the US fromterrorism the Department of Homeland Security. Home doesnt mean just bricks and mortar, translated intohouse or housing in so many languages. Home is where we hunker down, take off our shoes and switch offfrom the outside world. Its an inward-looking place, where we should feel safe. Our homes also show ourindividual sides, through the pictures on the wall, the favourite chair, the souvenirs from visits beyond ourhomes, our expression of choice, which remain unchanging day to day, symbols of a moments pause in anever-changing world.我们在许多方面和许多人共享我们各自的家我们的家，从澳大利亚到赞比亚，人们都戴棒球帽，看好莱坞电影。在摩洛哥的市场上可以买到新加坡产的收音机。我们都看电视，喜欢看同一类节目。人们是必须这样做，还是就喜欢这样做呢？虽然我们已经学会了（或被教会了）喜欢或追求同样的东西，但在内心深处，我们都意识到我们身上有一种个人主义的特质，意识到自己与众不同，意识到自己的独特性。当世上的生活变得令人无法承受的时候，人们就退隐到自己的内心世界里，退隐到他们的家中。“家”这个词充满了强烈的感情色彩。保护美国人不受恐怖攻击的那个部门名叫“国土安全部”, 这种称谓是经过仔细推敲的。“家”在很多语言中都被译成“房子”或“住宅”，但它不仅仅意味着砖头和灰浆。家是我们可以放松休息的地方，在家里我们脱下鞋子，忘掉外面那个纷扰的世界。家是一个让我们转向内心的地方，到了家我们就感到安全。通过挂在墙上的照片、我们最喜欢的椅子、外出旅游时带回来的纪念品，家显示出我们个性的方面，我们的取舍。这些东西每天一成不变地放在那里，象征着这个变幻不定的世界中片刻的停顿。6 Translate the paragraphs into English.在毕业典礼上，一家知名IT公司的经验丰富的 CTO 托马斯克拉克给140名渴望在IT行业干出一番事业的计算机科学专业的学生提出了一些重要建议。在他看来，信息技术不仅仅是组装机器和装置。在这个领域，创新起着关键的作用。所以 IT 工作者自然要承受巨大的压力，因为他们每天都要想出一些新点子。但是克拉克也指出，IT 行业的最终目标是利润。如果你想在这个领域获得成功，你应该牢记创新并不等同于个人主义。值得注意的是，很多有天赋的年轻人由于狂妄自大，交流能力差，没能发挥他们的潜力，因此没有取得成功。克拉克强调说，你必须学会和不同部门的人合作，这样你才能创造出能被市场接受的产品，你的才华才能绽放。(aspire to; assemble; domain; on a daily basis; ultimate;synonymous with; blossom)In the graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO of a renowned IT company, offers someimportant advice to 140 computer science majors who aspire to pursue a successful career in IT. In hisopinion, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices; it is a domain whereinnovation plays the key role. So naturally IT workers have to endure high pressure in their work as theyneed to come up with new ideas on a daily basis.But Clark also points out that the ultimate goal of IT business is profit. If you want to succeed in thisbusiness, you need to keep in mind that innovation is not synonymous with individualism. It is noticeablehow many gifted young men have failed to achieve success because of their arrogance and poorcommunication skill. Clark emphasizes that you have to learn to cooperate with people from differentdepartments and only thus can your talent blossom out by creating products that will be accepted by themarket.Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)美好的回忆虽然这个房子已经换了许多户人家了，但直到现在我还记得那些筑墙、盖屋顶的工人。当时马路对过那座庄园大宅的主人需要建一个小屋给他的园丁住。他在这片连绵不断的巨大的丘陵果园中找到了一片空地，他派工人到本地的采石场运来金黄色的石头，工人花了三个月时间在园子里建起了这两座农家小屋。我只从侧面看到过我的旁边的那座房子，我从来没有见过它的正面。 但是我知道，尽管我们在结构和外观上是一摸一样的，我们的朝向正好相反，这真是不可思议。我的前门朝东，隔壁房子的前门是朝西的。我的卧室在房子的后部，在隔壁那所房子里，这个位置正好是厨房的上面。我的厨房在房子的前部，在隔壁的那个房子里，这个位置是在卧室的下方。我觉得我比它幸运，因为每天早上，我这边的石头会在阳光的照耀下熠熠发光。园丁精心地照料庄园周围的果园和花园，所以到了秋天，树上总是果实累累，结满了苹果和梨。当白天越来越短的时候，这四周的土地上是一片忙碌的景象，帮工们采摘水果，把摘下的水果送到庄园去或是沿着那条路运到镇上的市场去卖。除了秋天，其他时候这里非常安静。园丁的生活好像很孤独，后来有一天，他带了一个年轻女子回家。我这个房子里顿时充满了欢声笑语和饭菜的香味。园丁外出干活的时候，他的妻子会照看我周围的花园，种玫瑰、水仙和郁金香，还有夏季植物和菊花。从早春的鲜花到深秋的深深的金黄色叶子，花园里真是五彩缤纷。能照看这样一对夫妇，我感觉很幸福。没过多久，又有孩子要照看了。头一个孩子是女孩，她常常高兴得咯咯笑，睡得也很沉。后来又添了一个男孩，他哭起来嗓门很大，让我们大家都不得安宁。但是他们都很快乐，也很听话。他们会静静地在屋里或花园里一起玩耍。渐渐地，他们长大了，也长高了。最让我感到愉快的一个记忆是：在一个温暖的夏日，我看到男孩高高地坐在苹果树的枝干上，读着他最喜爱的那本书。我的窗户是我的眼睛，它们对着绿树和田野。窗外的风景被低矮的丘陵围绕着，仿佛一切都栖息在它温暖的怀抱里。远处是尖塔林立的城市，平日里静悄悄的，只有在特定的日子里，才会响起钟声。在这些日子里，园丁和他的家人会穿上漂亮的衣服外出，几个小时之后才回来。孩子们渐渐长大了。先是女