新概念英语第二册第18课

精品教育Lesson 18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there! As I was looking for it, the landlord came in. Did you have a good meal? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill. I havent got my bag. The landlord smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said. My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!New words and expressions 生词和短语pub n. 小酒店 landlord n. 店主 bill n. 帐单参考译文 我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。我曾把它放在门边的椅子上，可这会儿不见了！当我正在寻找时，酒店老板走了进来。 “您吃得好吗？”他问。 “很好，谢谢。”我回答，“但我付不了帐，我的提包没有了。” 酒店老板笑了笑，马上走了出去。一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了，把它还给了我。“实在抱歉，”他说，“我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！”1. He often does this! 他经常干这种事！he 在这里指代的是狗。动物通常用it来代表，即被看成像东西一样。但是，指宠物、家畜或民间故事中的动物时，我们经常也用he, she, who等，即使得它们“人格化”并具有性别。用阴性代词指某个动物或东西时尤其有一种亲切的含义：e.g. 我有一只小猫。她每天早上喝牛奶。I have a little cat. She drinks milk every morning.乔治的鹦鹉亨利能说几个单词。只要有灯光他就叫。Georges parrot prt, Henry, can speak a few words. He always calls when there are lights.2. After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. 我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。1) after过去完成时态常同表示时间状语的从属连词after 一同使用，如：e.g. 他把信全写完后干了些家务活。After hed written all her letters, she did some housework.假如从句中先于主句谓语动词动作发生的那个动词动作很短暂，常可用一般过去时来代替过去完成时态，如：e.g. 他把猫放出去后，它就跑开钻进了灌木丛。 After she put the cat out, it ran off into the bushes.但是，当两个分句为同一主语时，更早发生的那个动作通常用过去完成时态来表示。如：e.g. 他送走她后就锁上门，睡觉去了。(see sb. off 1. 为送行；送别2. (BrE)赶走，驱逐(某人)After he had seen her off, he locked the door and went to bed. 2) have在have lunch这个词组中是完全动词而不是助动词，因此，像其他完全动词一样，它的过去完成时要加助动词had.3) pub pb n. (also formal public house) (both BrE) a building where people go to drink and meet their friends. Pubs serve alcoholic lkhlik and other drinks, and often also food.酒吧；酒馆 (在英国英语的口语中较常见)e.g. 咱们去酒吧喝杯酒吧。Lets go to the pub for a drink.他们下酒馆喝酒去了。Theyve gone down the pub for a drink.去酒吧喝酒 go round to the pub for a drink酒馆供的午餐 a pub lunch 当地酒馆的老板 the landlord of the local pubbar n. a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks酒吧wine bar n. a bar or small restaurant where wine is the main drink available(主要供应葡萄酒的)酒吧；小酒馆inn n. 1. (old-fashioned BrE) a pub, usually in the country and often one where people can stay the night(通常指乡村的，常可夜宿的)小酒店2. (AmE) a small hotel, usually in the country(通常指乡村的)小旅馆；客栈e.g. 住客栈 stay at an inn4) look for (sb./sth) to try to findsb./sth. 寻找；寻求 look for强调“寻找”这个动作或过程，而不涉及结果。e.g. 我到处寻找我的钥匙，但还是没找到。I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldnt find it.我正在找我的包。I am looking for my bag.找工作 to look for a jobfind v. sth (for sb.)/(sb.) sth. to get back sth./sb. that was lost after searching for it/them找到；找回 (强调结果，不能用于进行时态)e.g. 你能帮我找我的包吗？Can you find my bag for me?/Can you find me my bag?find v. to discover sb./sth. unexpectedly or by chance(意外或偶然地)发现，碰到 e.g. 我们在办公室附近发现了一家挺好的新餐馆。Weve found a great new restaurant near the office.他醒来后发现自己在医院里。When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.find out (about sth./sb.)/find out sth. (about sth./sb.) to get some information about sth./sb. by asking, reading, etc.查明，弄清(情况) 强调经过研究努力之后发现、找出、搜出结果。e.g. 我还没有发现有关他的什么情况。I havent found anything out about him yet.你能查清楚会议什么时候开始吗？Can you find out what time the meeting starts?后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。We found out later that we had been at the same school.3. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there! 我曾把它放在门边的椅子上，可这会儿不见了！1) leave li:v v., n. v. (left, left)1. vi.& vt. to go away from a person or a place离开(某人或某处)e.g. 离开某地 to leave some place 离开去某地 to leave for some place v 飞机于12：00起飞前往北京。The plane leaves for Beijing at 12:00. vn 飞机于8：00在希思罗机场起飞。The plane leaves Heathrow at 8:00.2. to make or allow sb./sth. to remain in a particular condition, place, etc.使保留，让处于(某种状态、某地等)e.g. vn-adj. 请把门开着吧。Leave the door open, please. vn-ing 别让她在外边雨里等着。Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. vn to inf 把米饭煮20分钟。Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes. 让他们保持原样。Leave them as they are.3. vt. sth./sb. (behind) to go away from a place without taking sb./sth. with you忘了带；丢下：e.g. 我把包丢在公共汽车上了。Ive left my bag on the bus. 别忘了带上自己的随身物品。Dont leave any of your belongings behind. 他身体不适，因此我们只好把他留下。He wasnt well, so we had to leave him behind.4. vt. to not do sth. or deal with sth. immediately不立刻做；不马上处理：e.g. 你怎么什么事都留到最后一刻才处理？Why do you always leave everything until the last moment?5. (be left) vt. to remain to be used, sold, etc.留下备用(或销售等) e.g. 还有咖啡剩下吗？Is there any coffee left?6. to make sth. happen or remain as a result使发生；造成，使留下为(某种结果)：e.g. 她给我的印象是她不满意自己的工作。She left me with the impression that she was unhappy with her job.IDM: leave go (of sth.) (BrE, informal) to stop holding on to sth.松手；撒手；放开：e.g. 放开我的手臂-你把我弄痛了。Leave go of my arm-youre hurting me!对比：let sb./sth. go / let go (of sb./sth.) 放开；松手Phr.v. 1. leave sth. aside to not consider sth.不予考虑；搁置一边e.g. 且不说费用多少，我们真的还需要一辆汽车吗？Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car?对比：set sth. aside 1. 把放到一旁(或搁到一边) 2. 暂时不考虑(或放一放)2. leave sb./sth.off (sth.) to not include sb./sth. on a list, etc.不把列入；不包括；不含：e.g. 我们未把他列入名单。We left him off the list.3. be left over (from sth.) to remain when all that is needed has been used剩下；残留：e.g. 饭菜剩下了不少。There was lots of food left over.n. u 1. a period of time when you are allowed to be away from work for a holiday/vacation or for a special reason假期；休假：e.g. 带薪/不带薪休假一个月 to take a months paid/unpaid leave on leave休假中to be on maternity/study leave 休产假；脱产进修(maternity mt:nti: n. u 母亲身份；怀孕)你们的年假有多长？How much annual njul leave do you get?2. (to do sth.) (formal) official permission to do sth.准许；许可：e.g. 未经许可擅离职守 to be absent without leave2) beside bisaid prep.1. next to or at the side of sb./sth.在旁边(或附近)：e.g. 整个晚上他都坐在她的身边。He sat beside her all night. 过来坐在我们旁边吧。Come and sit beside us.门旁边有一把椅子。There is a chair beside the door.2. compared with sb./sth.与相比：e.g. 同你的相比，我的画显得很幼稚。My painting looks childish beside yours.(childish tald adj. 1. 孩子的；孩子气的；稚嫩的 2. (成人)幼稚的；天真的)IDM: beside yourself (with sth.) unable to control yourself because of the strength of emotion you are feeling (情绪上)失去自制力；失常：e.g. 我告诉他我做了什么事，他就勃然大怒。He was beside himself with rage when I told him what I had done.(rage reid n. u, c 暴怒；狂怒 )besides bisaidz prep., adv.prep. in addition to sb./sth.; apart from sb./sth.除之外(还)：e.g. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共通点。We have lots of things in common besides music.(have sth. in common (with sb.) (人)(想法、兴趣等方面)相同 have sth. in common (with sth.) (东西、地方等)有相同的特征(或特点等) 除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels nvl (n. (长篇)小说) in his spare time.除了我的父母，我没有其他亲人。Ive got no family besides my parents.除了我们以外，晚会上还有许多(其他)人。There were a lot of people at the party besides us.adv. 1. used for making an extra comment that adds to what you have just said 而且；再说：e.g. 我并不真的想去。而且现在太晚了。I dont really want to go. Besides, its too late now. 我今天很忙，而且我还感冒得厉害。Im quite busy today. Besides, Ive got a bad cold.2. in addition; also此外；以及；也：e.g. 此外，她还有许多其他事要做。She has so much else to do besides.besides / apart from / exceptbesides 作介词表示除之外(还)e.g. 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？What other sports do you like besides football?指仅有某事物不包括在内用except:e.g. 除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。I like all sports except football.上述两种含义均可用apart from:e.g. 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？What other sports do you like apart from football?除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。I like all sports apart from football.except, except for与apart from三者都表示“除以外”，有时可以互相代替使用：e.g. 每个人都帮了点忙，只有你没有。Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you.除了这些书以外我再没有其他书了。I have no other books except/except for these.但是except不用于句首，except for/apart from则可以：e.g. 除了你，每个人都帮了点忙。Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.4. As I was looking for it, the landlord came in. 当我正在寻找时，酒店老板走了进来。landlord lndl:d n. 1.a man from whom you rent a room, a house, etc.房东；地主2. (BrE) a man who owns or manages a pub or a guest house(酒吧或招待所的)店主；老板(guest house n. 1. (BrE) a small hotel小旅馆 2. (AmE)(大房子旁供客人居住的)客房)landlady lndledi n. (pl.-ies)1.a woman from whom you rent a room, a house, etc.女房东；女地主2. (BrE) a woman who owns or manages a pub or a guest house(酒吧或招待所的)女店主；老板娘复合名词的多种构成方式：1) n. + n. 构成复合名词 e.g. silk(蚕)丝) + worm(蠕虫，虫子) 构成复合名词 silkworm(蚕) blood + test 构成复合名词 blood-test (验血)2) adj. + n. 构成复合名词e.g. double-dealer n. (informal) a dishonest person who deceives other people两面派；口是心非者 (dealer n. 1. (in sth.)交易商；贸易商 2. 贩毒者；毒品贩子)shorthand n. 1. u 速记(法) 2. u, c (for sth.) (对某事)简略的表达方式3) v. + n. 构成复合名词e.g. pickpocket 扒手；小偷 breakwater a wall built out into the sea to protect the shore or harbour from the force of the waves防波堤4) n. + 现在分词(v-ing) 构成复合名词e.g. handwriting n.u 1. 手写；书写 2. 笔迹；书法 sun-bathing b: 日光浴5) v. + adv. 构成复合名词e.g. get-together n. (informal) an informal meeting; a party(非正式的)会议；聚会；联欢会e.g. 家庭圣诞聚会 a family get-together at Christmas breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破 e.g. 作出/取得突破性进展 to make/achieve a breakthrough6) adv. + v. 构成复合名词e.g. downfall 衰落；衰败；垮台 outbreak (暴力、疾病等坏事的)爆发，突然发生 e.g. 战争的爆发 the outbreak of warlord l:d n.(in Britain) 贵族；勋爵(统称)；(usually the Lord) 主；上帝e.g. as drunk as a lord酩酊大醉IDM: (good) Lord！oh Lord!(表示惊讶、讨厌或忧虑)主啊，天哪！duke dju:k 公爵 marquis m:kws 侯爵 earl :l 伯爵 viscount vakant子爵 baron brn 男爵sir统称爵士Sir n. (a title used before the first name of a knight or baronet 用于男爵或从男爵名字之前的尊称)爵士(baronet brnit n. 从男爵) （knight n. (近代英国的)爵士）e.g. 詹姆斯威尔逊爵士 Sir James Wilson 詹姆斯爵士 Sir James （不能称Sir Wilson）5. Did you have a good meal? he asked. 您吃得好吗？”他问。6. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill. I havent got my bag.“很好，谢谢。”我回答，“但我付不了帐，我的提包没有了。”bill bil n., v. n. 1. a piece of paper that shows how much you owe u sb. for goods or services账单e.g. 电话费/电费/煤气费账单 the telephone/electricity/gas bill她总是按时支付账单。She always pays her bills on time.pay the bill付账单2. (esp. BrE) (AmE usually check) a piece of paper that shows how much you have to pay for the food and drinks that you have had in a restaurant(餐馆的)账单：e.g. 买单！Bill, please! 我们结账吧。Lets ask for the bill.3. (AmE)=note 纸币： e.g. 一张十美元的钞票 a ten-dollar bill4. a written suggestion for a new law that is presented to a countrys parliament so that its members can discuss it(提交议会讨论的)议案，法案：e.g. 提出/通过/否决一项议案 to introduce/approve/reject a bill(introduce v. 将(法案)提交讨论 approve v. 1. v (of sb./sth.) 赞成；同意 2. vn 批准，通过(计划、提案、要求等) reject v. 拒绝接受；不予考虑)教育改革法案 the Education Reform Bill 5. a programme of entertainment at a theatre, etc. (剧院等的)节目单：e.g. head the bill / top the bill 领衔主演，挂头牌领衔演出的是汤姆.汉克斯。Topping the bill (=the most important performer) is Tom Hanks.(top v. 1. 居之首；为之冠 2. 高于，超过(某一数量)6. a notice in a public place to advertise dvtaiz an event 海报；招贴；广告synonym: postere.g. 电影海报 a movie bill 禁止张贴！No bills!IDM: fill/fit the bill to be what is needed in a particular situation or for a particular purpose符合要求；合格：(fill v. 1. (sth)(with sth)(使)充满，装满，注满，填满 2. vt. 满足 fit v. 1. (形状和尺寸)适合；合身2.vt. 安置，安装 3. (使)与一致，和相称，符合)e.g. 从书面材料看，有几位申请人符合条件。On paper, several of the applicants fit the bill.(applicant pliknt n. (for sth.) 申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等)v.1. vt. sb.(for sth.) to send sb. a bill for sth.开账单，发账单(要求付款)：e.g. 请将所购的书开列账单。Please bill me for the books.2. vt. usually passivesb./sth. as sth. to advertise or describe sb./sth. in a particular way把(某人或事物)宣传为e.g. 他被宣传为新汤姆.克鲁斯。He was billed as the new Tom Cruise.3.vn to inf usually passive to advertise that sb./sth. will do sth. 宣布将做某事：e.g. 海报上说她要发表题为“中国-昨天和今天”的演讲。She was billed to speak on China-Yesterday and Today.bill of exchange n. (pl. bills of exchange) (business商) a written order to pay a sum of money to a particular person on a particular date 汇票bill of rights n. sing a written statement of the basic rights of the citizens (n. sitizn 公民)of a country权利宣言；人权宣言bill of sale n. (pl. bills of sale) (business商) an official document showing that sth. has been bought转让契据；卖据7. The landlord smiled and immediately went out. 酒店老板笑了笑，马上走了出去。immediately adv. =at once, right away 立刻，马上8. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. 一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了，把它还给了我。give it back to me=return it to me及物动词give常用的含义是“给予”、“交给”：e.g. 请给我一些水。Give me some water, please.我上个月曾借给他一些书。他今天上午都还给我了。I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.可以看出，give与back连用时，它的意义并没有发生太大的变化。但是，当它与其他副词连用时，意义往往会有变化，有时变化非常大：1. give sb. back sth. /give sth. back (to sb.) 1) to return sth. to its owner还；归还；送回：e.g. 把钢笔还给我好吗？Could you give me back my pen? / Could you give me my pen back?把它还给我！Give it me back!我把它捡起来还给了他。I picked it up and gave it back to him.2) to allow sb. to have sth. again使恢复；使重新获得：e.g. 手术使他的双腿恢复了功能。The operation gave him back the use of his legs.2. give sth away1) to give sth. as a gift赠送；捐赠：e.g. 他把他的大部分钱都捐赠给了慈善事业。He gave away most of his money to charity.(charity n. (pl. -ies) 1. c 慈善机构(或组织)2. u 慈善；赈济；施舍 3. u 慈善；仁爱；宽容；宽厚) 他把所有的书都赠给了这家图书馆。He gave away all his books to the library.2) to present sth.颁发；分发：e.g. 市长在学校运动会那天颁发了奖项。The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day.(mayor m n. 市长，镇长)3) to carelessly allow sb. to have an advantage失去，丧失，错失(优势)：e.g. 他们已白送对手两分了。Theyve given away two goals already.(goal n. 1.(足球、曲棍球等)球门 2. 射门；进球得分 3. 目标；目的)give sth./sb. away to make known sth. that sb. wants to keep secret泄露；暴露e.g. 有人向警方告发了他。Someone gave him away to the police. 她把机密泄露给了敌人。She gave away the secrets to the enemy. enimi3. give in (to sb./sth.)1) to admit that you have been defeated by sb./sth.屈服；认输；投降：e.g. 他们被迫投降了。They were forced to give in.2) to agree to do sth. that you do not want to do让步；勉强同意：e.g. 你想干什么就干什么。我决不屈服。You can do what you like. I will never give in.give sth. in (to sb.) to hand over sth. to sb. in authority呈上；交上：e.g. 考卷做好后就交上来。Give in your examination papers after youve finished. 把练习册交给我。Give in your exercise books to me.4. give up to stop trying to do sth.投降；认输；放弃：e.g. 他们不战而降。They gave up without a fight. 她决不轻易认输。She doesnt give up easily.我猜不着了，把答案告诉我吧。I give up-tell me the answer.give sth. up no passive to stop doing or having sth.放弃，抛弃，终止，停止，辞去e.g. (1) 医生让他戒烟。The doctor told him to give up smoking. (2) 婚后她就辞去了工作。After she got married she gave up her job.give sth. up (to sb.) to hand sth. over to sb. else交出，让出e.g. 他们勇敢地战斗了近一周，可是最后不得不向敌人缴械投降。They fought bravely for about a week, but they had to give up their arms to the enemy at last.他把座位让给了一位老妇人。He gave up his seat to an old lady (=stood up to allow her to sit down).give yourself/sb. up (to sb.) to offer yourself/sb. to be captured 自首；投案；投降(capture kpt vt. 1. 俘虏；俘获；捕获 2. 用武力夺取；攻取；攻占3.夺得；赢得；争得 )e.g. 他逃跑一周后向警方投案自首了。After a week on the run he gave himself up to the police.give yourself up to sth.= give yourself over to sth. to spend all your time doing sth. or thinking about sth.; to allow sth. to completely control your life致力于；沉溺于：e.g. 当他还是个小男孩的时候，他就决定把一生献给足球事业。When he was only a small boy, he decided to give himself up to football.5. give off sth. to produce sth. such as a smell, heat, light, etc.发出，放出(气味、热、光等)：e.g. 花儿散发着芳香。The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume.(fragrant fregrnt adj. 香的；芳香的 perfume p:fju:m n.c, u 香水；香料；香味，香气)6. give out1) to come to an end; to be completely used up用完；耗尽：e.g. 一个月以后他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。After a month their food supplies gave out.她最终忍无可忍了。Her patience finally gave out.2) to stop working 停止运行；停止运转：e.g. 飞机飞到大西洋中部时一个发动机失灵了。One of the planes engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.give sth. out to give sth. to a lot of people分发；散发：e.g. 老师分发了试卷。The teacher gave out the exam papers.give out sth.1) to produce sth. such as heat, light, etc.发出，放出 (热、光等)2) often passive (esp. BrE) to tell people about sth. or broadcast sth.公布；宣布；播放9. Im very sorry, he said. My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!“实在抱歉，”他说，“我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！”take 带走 (把某人/物带到某地) sth.(with you) / sth. (to sb.) / (sb.) sth. to carry or move sth. from one place to another 携带；拿走；取走；运走e.g. 请替我把这送到银行去好吗？Take this to the bank for me, would you?bring 带来(为某人带去某物) sb./sth. (with you) / sth. (for sb.) / (sb.) sth. to come to a place with sb./sth. 带到某处；带来；取来e.g. 别忘了把书带来。Dont forget to bring your books with you.fetch “去拿(某物)来”的动作(去取) 是双向动作。(esp. BrE) to go to where sb./sth. is and bring them/it back (去)拿来；(去)请来e.g. 她去学校接孩子了。Shes gone to fetch the kids from school. 你能帮我去取我的包吗？Could you fetch me my bag?have的用法小结一、 have作为助动词构成各种完成时(包括过去、现在、将来)和完成进行时：e.g. 我今天上午没见过他。I havent seen him this morning.我打电话的时候，杰克已经走了。When I rang, Jack had already left.二、have与to一起构成情态动词 have to，表示“不得不”、“必须”,它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思，可用于各种时态。如：e.g. 格林先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。Mr. Green has to work very hard to earn a living.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会，我不大舒服。I had to leave the party early last night. I wasnt very well.我们明天必须起得很早。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我咳嗽的厉害，今天必须去诊所看看。I shall have to go to the clinic klinik today for my bad cough. kf注口语中的I have got to, you have got to 等=I have to, you have to. Have I got to? 和 Do I have to?这两种疑问形式均可用。三、have用于“情态动词have过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。 1.musthave过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，表示“一定”、“准是”的意思。一般用于肯定句。如：e.g. 你一定是误会了我的意图。You must have mistaken my intention. She must have been very young when she got married. 她结婚时一定很年轻。 你肯定把你的包落在剧院了。You must have left your bag in the theatre. 2.can(could)have过去分词，常用于否定句和疑问句。表示对过去发生事