浅析英语习语的影响因素

PINGDINGSHANUNIVERSITY毕业论文题目ANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS院系外国语学院专业年级2011级英语专业（商务英语方向姓名匡翔宇学号111020307指导教师许晓丽讲师2015年4月30日THESISANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS浅析英语习语的影响因素SCHOOLORDEPARTMENTCOLLEGEOFFOREIGNLANGUAGESGRADEANDSPECIALTY2011,ENGLISH（BUSINESSENGLISHDIRECTION）NAMEKUANGXIANGYUADVISORXUXIAOLILECTURERAPRIL30,2015原创性声明本人郑重声明本人所呈交的毕业论文，是在指导老师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。毕业论文中凡引用他人已经发表或未发表的成果、数据、观点等，均已明确注明出处。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究成果做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。论文作者签名日期关于毕业论文使用授权的声明本人在指导老师指导下所完成的论文及相关的资料（包括图纸、试验记录、原始数据、实物照片、图片、录音带、设计手稿等），知识产权归属平顶山学院。本人完全了解平顶山学院有关保存、使用毕业论文的规定，同意学校保存或向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的纸质版和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅；本人授权平顶山学院可以将本毕业论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用任何复制手段保存和汇编本毕业论文。如果发表相关成果，一定征得指导教师同意，且第一署名单位为平顶山学院。本人离校后使用毕业论文或与该论文直接相关的学术论文或成果时，第一署名单位仍然为平顶山学院。论文作者签名日期指导老师签名日期IANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMSABSTRACTENGLISHIDIOMSARECRATEDUNDERTHESPECIFICALBACKGROUNDOFHISTORYANDCULTUREOFBRITISHANDAMERICANCOUNTRIESANDLASTTONOW,ITSELFISANIMPORTANTPARTOFBRITISHANDAMERICANCULTURE,ANDALSOPLAYSAROLETORECORDANDINHERITTHEHISTORYANDCULTURETHISPAPERSTARTSTOEXPLORETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTUREANDIDIOMS,TOANALYZETHERELATIONSHIPSOFENGLISHIDIOMSWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFGEOGRAPHICENVIRONMENTNATIONALHISTORY,CUSTOMS,RELIGIOUSBELIEFS,FABLEMYTHSANDSEVERALIMPORTANTCULTURALSIDESTHEPURPOSEOFTHISARTICLEISTOEXPLAINTHATONLYTHELANGUAGELEARNERSKNOWTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTUREWELL,CANTHEYLEARNANDUSELANGUAGEWELL，ANDMAKETHELANGUAGETRULYBECOMEACOMMUNICATINGTOOLTOEXPRESSTHEIREMOTIONKEYWORDSENGLISHIDIOMSENGLISHCULTURECUSTOMSRELIGIONSBELIEFSII浅析英语习语的影响因素摘要英语习语是英、美国家特定的历史文化背景条件下产生并延续下来的，它本身是英美文化的重要组成部分，它起着记载、传承历史文化的作用。本文从探索语言、文化与习语的关系入手，分析英语习语与英语民族的地理环境、历史发展、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、寓言神话等几个重要文化侧面的关系。旨在向语言学习者说明只有对语言与文化的密切关系有所了解，才能学好语言，用好语言，使语言真正成为能传神达意的交际工具。关键词英语习语；英美文化；风俗习惯；宗教信仰IIITABLEOFCONTENTSABSTRACTI摘要IITABLEOFCONTENTSIIICHAPTER1INTRODUCTION1CHAPTER2THERHETORICALDEVICESOFIDIOMS221THEMETAPHOROFIDIOMS222THEINTEGRITYOFIDIOMS323THEHARMONIOUSRHYMEOFIDIOMS3CHAPTER3THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENIDIOMSANDTHEGEOGRAPHICENVIRONMENT431THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEGEOGRAPHICALLOCATIONANDTHEIDIOMS432THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHECLIMATEANDTHEIDIOMS433THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEINDUSTRYANDTHEIDIOMS5CHAPTER4THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENIDIOMSANDTHEHISTORICALDEVELOPMENT641THEINFLUENCEOFTHEROMANCONQUESTONTHEENGLISHIDIOMS642THEINFLUENCEOFTHESCANDINAVIANINVASIONSONENGLISHIDIOMS643THEINFLUENCEOFTHENORMANCONQUESTONENGLISHIDIOMS744THEINFLUENCEOFTHENORTHAMERICANCOLONIESINDEPENDENCETOENGLISHIDIOMS745THEINFLUENCEOFTHETWOWORLDWARSONENGLISHIDIOMS7CHAPTER5THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENIDIOMSANDCUSTOMS951THEINFLUENCEOFTHEDIETCUSTOMSONENGLISHIDIOMS952THEINFLUENCEOFTHEPETSCUSTOMSONENGLISHIDIOMS953THEINFLUENCEOFTHENAMESCUSTOMSONENGLISHIDIOMS1054THEINFLUENCEOFTHENATIONALPREFERENCESANDTABOOCUSTOMSONENGLISHIDIOMS1055THEINFLUENCEOFTHEEDUCATIONALCONCEPTSONENGLISHIDIOMS10CHAPTER6THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENIDIOMSVSRELIGIONSANDBELIEFS11CHAPTER7THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENIDIOMSVSFABLESANDMYTHOLOGY13CHAPTER8CONCLUSION15BIBLIOGRAPHY16ACKNOWLEDGEMENT17ANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMSIVANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS1CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONIDIOMS,COMPRISINGMETAPHORICALPHRASES,ARGOTS,COLLOQUIALISMS,APHORISMS,PROVERBS,ANDSOON，ARETHESIGNIFICANTPARTOFTHELANGUAGEGLOSSARY,ANDARETHEMOSTAMPLECULTURALSIGNIFICANCETHESERHETORICTECHNIQUESREPRESENTTHECONCENTRATIONOFLANGUAGEFORMSAFTERALONGTIME,SOMECHARACTERISTICSOFIDIOMSAREMADESETTLEDFORM,CONCISEANDVIVIDWORDS,ANDPROFOUNDSIGNIFICANCEIDIOMSARETHECONSEQUENCESOFUSINGLANGUAGEFORALONGTIME,ANDAFFECTTHEENGLISHCULTURELANGUAGEISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPARTSOFCULTURE,ITSBASICSTRUCTURALUNITISTHEWORD,ANDTHROUGHTHEWORDTORECORDANDREFLECTTHESPECIFICGEOGRAPHICALHISTORICALCONDITIONS,THEPROGRESSOFCULTURE,ANDEVENTHETOTALHUMANHISTORYGENERALLYSPEAKING,CULTUREINCLUDESTHESPIRITUALANDMATERIALCIVILIZATIONTHATCREATEDINTHEPROCESSOFSOCIALPRACTICESBYHUMANIDIOMISTRANSFERRED,CONVEYED,RECORDEDTHROUGHTHESHAPEOFLANGUAGE,LATERTHEYARESPOKEN,WRITTENANDSPREADIDIOMSARETHEBASISOFTHEEXISTENCEANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFLANGUAGEDOESNOTEXISTLANGUAGEWITHOUTCULTURE,INTURN,ANDTHEREISNOLANGUAGEPRESERVED,THECONTINUATIONANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCULTUREWOULDBELIMITEDIDIOMSAREINVENTEDUNDERTHEPRODUCTIONOFLABOR,THEREAREINSEPARABLERELATIONSHIPAMONGIDIOMSANDTHENATIONALGEOGRAPHICENVIRONMENT,HISTORICALBACKGROUND,MANNERSANDCUSTOMS,RELIGIONANDFAITHANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS2CHAPTER2THERHETORICALDEVICESOFIDIOMSIDIOMSARETHESHAPESOFTHESUCCINCTANDPROFOUNDPHRASESORTERSESENTENCESFORTHELANGUAGELEARNERSENGLISHIDIOM,ORIGINATEDANDINHERITEDFROMTHETRADITIONALCULTUREOFBRITAINANDTHEUNITEDSTATES,ISAIMPORTANTPARTOFENGLISHVOCABULARY,ITRECORDED,INHERITED,REFLECTED,ATTESTEDEVENCOULDREPRODUCEDTHENATIONALCULTUREOFTHECOUNTRYWITHHUMORANDFUNNYTONE21THEMETAPHOROFIDIOMSRHETORICALDEVICESOFLANGUAGEAREMOSTLYFOCUSEDONTHEIDIOMS,THEANALOGYISONEOFTHEFOREMOSTIMPORTANTRHETORICWAYS,MOSTIDIOMSAREUSEDGRAPHICMETAPHORTOLETTHELANGUAGEBEMORELIVELYFOREXAMPLE,INENGLISH“REDCAP”ALWAYSCALLEDTHE“STATIONREMOVER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DHISTORICALDEVELOPMENTTOTHELANGUAGEISHUGEASTHECHANGEOFTHETIMES,THEOLDLANGUAGEGRADUALLYDISAPPEAREDANDNEWLANGUAGEGENERATEDINTHECOURSEOFLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENT,THEMAINRESIDUALTRACESOFHISTORYANDCULTUREEXISTINIDIOMS41THEINFLUENCEOFTHEROMANCONQUESTONTHEENGLISHIDIOMSIN55YEARSBC,THEROMANCOMMANDERCAESARAGGRESSTHEBRITAIN,BUTNOVIOLENTCONFLICTS,THEREISALSOHAVENOOBVIOUSEFFECTS“ROMANCONQUEST”ISSTARTINGINBRITAINHISTORYIN43YEARSAD,THROUGHTHREEYEARSOFFIGHTINGROMEFINALLYCONQUEREDTHEBRITAINBECAUSEOFTHEROMANOCCUPATIONABOUT400YEARS,THEROMANCULTUREHASGREATINFLUENCEONTHEENGLANDTURNOVERAMEDIUMDICTIONARYOFENGLISHLANGUAGE,UNDERTHETERMSOFROMECOULDFINDMANYPROVERBSABOUTTHEMFOREXAMPLE“DOINROMEASTHEROMANSDO”“ROMEWASNOTBUILTINADAY”“ALLROADSLEADTOROME”FROMTHESEIDIOMS,WECANSEETHEGLORYOFTHEPASTOFROME42THEINFLUENCEOFTHESCANDINAVIANINVASIONSONENGLISHIDIOMSINTHE9THCENTURY,THEBRITISHWASINVADEDBYSCANDINAVIANDUETOTHEOCCUPATION,MANYPARTSOFTHEUKISUNDERTHEINFLUENCEOFTHENORTHEUROPELATERINTHEUKIN12HEXADECIMALNUMBERCOUNTINGMETHODWASTAUGHTBYSCANDINAVIANTODAY,INTHENORTHOFENGLAND,ALOTOFPLACENAMESANDENGLISHNAMESCOMEFROMSCANDINAVIA,BUTITJUSTLEAVEAFEWSMALLTRACESINTHEMORDERNENGLISHIDIOMSSUCHAS“JACKSON，JOHNSON，THOMPSON”“RAINCATSANDDOGS”“SIXOFONEANDHALFADOZENOFTHEOTHER”ANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS743THEINFLUENCEOFTHENORMANCONQUESTONENGLISHIDIOMSTHENORMANCONQUESTHASAGREATIMPACTONIDIOMSITMAKESTHATFRENCHISNOWONEOFTHETHREEPRIMARYORIGINSOFENGLISH,FRENCHCULTUREAFFECTTHEBRITISHSOCIETYMEANWHILETHEREAREAGREATDEALOFIDIOMSINTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEAREDIRECTLYTRANSLATIONFROMFRENCHFOREXAMPLEENGLISHIDIOMS“ONTHEQUIVIVE”，THEQUIVIVEISFROMFRENCH,THESENTINELCONCERNINGPASSWORDSIS“什么人”THISPHRASEISBORROWEDINTOENGLISH,BECOMETHEMEANINGOF“警惕”THEWHOLEMEANINGIS“留神，小心，警惕”44THEINFLUENCEOFTHENORTHAMERICANCOLONIESINDEPENDENCETOENGLISHIDIOMSSINCE1607，MOSTOFLANDOFNORTHAMERICAWASCONTROLLEDBYTHEBRITISH,THEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAWASFOUNDEDUNTIL1776ALTHOUGHAMERICANENGLISHISDEVELOPEDONTHEFOUNDATIONOFBRITISHENGLISH,BUTAMERICANISANINDEPENDENTNATION,ECONOMYANDCULTURE,MAKESTHELANDUSEENGLISHNECESSARILYDIFFERENTFROMTHEUKONTHELANDAMERICANENGLISHHASBECOMETHEWORLDENGLISHLARGEFAMILY,INFACT,ONEOFTHEBASICMEMBERSIDIOMSISAMIRROROFCULTURE,WHICHREFLECTSTHECHARACTERISTICSOFAMERICANCULTUREMORECLEARLY“OK”,FOREXAMPLE,ISFROMRADIO,TELEGRAPHOPERATOR,AFTERRECEIVINGTHECABLEMUSTBEEXPRESSEDINASIGNALRECEIVEDTHISSIGNALWITH“ALLCORRECT”FIRST,LATER“ALL”GRADUALLYEVOLVEDINTO“O”,“CORRECT”INTO“K”WHATEVER,“OK”,WASORIGINALLYAMERICANSLANG,NOWITHASBEENAPOPULARWORDINTHENATION,EVENTHEBRITISHPEOPLEALSOALWAYSSAYIT45THEINFLUENCEOFTHETWOWORLDWARSONENGLISHIDIOMSINTHE20THCENTURY,WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCONTEMPORARYTECHNOLOGY,WARSWEREHAPPENEDFREQUENTLY,ALSOEXPEDITEDTHECULTURALCOMMUNICATIONANDFUSIONALLAROUNDTHEWORLDWHENACOUNTRYGETINTOAWAR,THELANGUAGEOFANATIONISANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS8DEVELOPEDPARTICULARLYQUICKLYESPECIALLYSINCETHEFINISHOFWORLDWARII,ANDALOTOFFOREIGNWORDSGOINTOENGLISHVOCABULARYSUCHASFRENCH“HAUTECUISINE”法国美食,“ENGAGE”完全参与中的JAPANESEWORD“SUSHI”寿司,RUSSIANHAVE“GULAG”古拉格，指集中营,CHINESEWORDS“MAOTAI”茅台酒,ITALIAN“AUTOSTRADE”高速公路ANDSOONANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS9CHAPTER5THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENIDIOMSANDCUSTOMSCUSTOMISASORTOFSOCIALPHENOMENON,ITISAMIRROROFTHEPEOPLESWAYOFLIFE,INCLUDINGALOTOFTHINGSABOUTSOCIETY,INVOLVESINALLSIDESOFSOCIETYITWASINFLUENCEDBYANATIONSPOLITICS,ECONOMY,RELIGION,CULTURE,ART,ETC,ANDINTURNAFFECTTHESEASPECTS,ANDSETTLEDREFLECTSTHENATIONALCUSTOMSIDIOMSARESTRONGLYLINKEDTOCUSTOMSANDHABITS51THEINFLUENCEOFTHEDIETCUSTOMSONENGLISHIDIOMSDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESHAVEVARIOUSDIETHABITS，THEDIETHABITSDECIDEDTHEIRCULTUREISNOTSAMEBUTTER,BREAD,JAMANDCHEESEARETHECOMMONFOODINBRITISHFAMILIESSOAROUNDTHEMAJORFOODPRODUCEDMANYIDIOMS,COVERALLSIDESOFLIFEWHENPEOPLESAYTHEWORD“CHEESE”INENGLISH,THEYSHOULDOPENMOUTHSLIGHTLYANDSENDOUTTHESOUNDLATER,PEOPLEOFTENSAIDTOBEACCORDINGTOTHEOBJECTINTHEPHOTO“SAYCHEESE”,MEANS“SMILE”THERESOMEOTHERSIMILARIDIOMSABOUTTHEFOOD,SUCHAS“BIGCHEESE”THEMEANINGOFTHEWORDISLIKEAIMPORTANTROLE，OUTOFJAM，“CRYOVERSPILTMILK”DONTREGRETWITHTHINGTHATCANTMAKECHANGES52THEINFLUENCEOFTHEPETSCUSTOMSONENGLISHIDIOMSEACHCOUNTRYHASTHEIRFAVORITEANIMALS,SOPETSCULTUREHASDISTINCTREGIONAL,NATIONALCHARACTERSUCHASENGLISHANDCHINESEPEOPLEMOSTOFALLLIKETOKEEPDOGS,BUTNOTSAMEOPINIONSABOUTTHEDOGSTHECHINESEOFTENUSEDOGSTODESCRIBEANDMETAPHORBADMANANDBADTHINGBUTMOSTBRITISHFEELGOODWITHTHEDOGS,THEYTHINKDOGSARELOYALANDRELIABLEFRIENDSTHEREFORE,THEREARELOTSOFENGLISHIDIOMSABOUTDOGSFOREXAMPLE“EVERYDOGHASITSDAY”“LOVEME,LOVEMYDOG”THEENGLISHIDIOMMEANINGOFSIMILARCHINESEIDIOMSHAVETHE“爱屋及乌”INBRITAIN,THEBATANALYSISONTHEINFLUENTIALFACTORSTOENGLISHIDIOMS10蝙蝠ISREGARDEDASANOMINOUSTHINGINTHEWORLD,DESCRIBETHEEYESCANNOTSEEISSAIDTOBE“ASBLINDASABAT”DUETO“BAT”AND“福”HAVESAMEPRONUNCIATIONINCHINESE,PEOPLEWOULDTHINKTHEBATISASYMBOLOFAUSPICIOUS53THEINFLUENCEOFTHENAMESCUSTOMSONENGLISHIDIOMSINENGLISH,THENAMESALSOAPPEARINIDIOMS，THROUGHTHEIDIOMSCOULDLEARNSOMETHINGABOUTTHECULTUREOFIDIOMSTHEREARETWOKINDSOFNAMESINTHEIDIOMSONEISASORTOFHISTORICALANDCULTURALEVENTSINTHEFORMATIONOF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