基于PIC单片机的钉扣机控制器-外文翻译

18浙江师范大学本科毕业设计论文外文翻译译文单片机和FPGA的可控硅触发电路的设计与实现王卫兵,孙永杰,刘卫东摘要针对模拟集成可控硅触发电路因元件的分散性，各触发器移相控制存在不一致的问题，设计了基于单片机和FPGA的数字式可控硅触发电路，利用A/D转换器将模拟的电压控制量预处理为数字信号量,经由脉冲同步、移向，产生满足要求的可控硅门级触发脉冲。试验结果表明，该数字式可控硅触发电路，控制精确度高，触发角的控制误差在009066范围内。关键词可控硅触发电路；单片机；FPGA1引言模拟集成触发电路KC04,作为可控硅的双路脉冲移相触发,输出两路相差180的移相脉冲,可以方便地构成全控桥式触发器电路,但是由于其电路元件参数的分散性,各个触发器的移相控制必然存在某种程度的不一致,这样导致三相波形的不对称,这在大容量装置的应用中,将造成三相电源的不平衡,中性线出现电流。一般模拟式触发电路各相脉冲不均衡度为3,甚至更大。与其相对应的,数字可控硅触发电路具有很多优点,可控硅触发信号完全可由数字信号实现,数字式触发器的控制精确度可大大的提高。本文采用以单片机为控制器和基于FPGA设计的数字式触发器,可以大大简化硬件电路的组成,并可提高触发的控制精确度,触发角的误差在009066的范围内。2可控硅触发电路的基本要求1触发脉冲应有一定的幅值和功率。触发电路提供的触发脉冲功率要使所有同等容量合格元件均能可靠触发而又不至于使元件损坏。所加触发脉冲的幅值要大于该元件的触发电压而小于最大容许门极电压。不触发时,触发电路的输出不得大于元件的不触发电压。2触发脉冲应有一定的宽度。当用窄脉冲控制时,脉冲宽度至少要大于阳极电流上升到擎住电流的时间,否则当触发脉冲消失,可控硅将又恢复阻断。3脉冲前沿尽可能陡。可控硅元件门极参数较分散,触发脉冲陡峭的前沿可使触发延迟角稳定。减少门极参数分散对角的影响。另外,触发脉冲前沿越陡,元件开通时间越短,从而可提供精确的触发延迟角。4触发脉冲要与主电路同步并有一定的移相范围。在整流和有源逆变电路中,为使每一周波重复在相同的相位上触发,触发信号必须与主电路交流电压同步。同时,触发延迟角应能根据控制信号的要求改变,即应有一定的移相范围。3基于单片机的数字触发器19基于单片机的数字触发器由AT89C52单片机构成数字触发器,电路由同步、移本科毕业设计论文外文翻译18相、脉冲形成与输出4个部分组成,如图1所示。图1基于单片机的数字触发电路1脉冲同步。以交流同步电压过零作为参考基准,计算出触发延迟角的大小,定时器按值和触发的顺序分别将脉冲送至相应晶闸管的门极。数字触发器采用相对同步基准触发方式,该方式仅需一个同步基准,当第一个脉冲由同步基准产生后,再以第一个触发脉冲作为下一个触发脉冲的基准,以此类推，同步电压可以用线电压或相电压,触发器的定相不再需要同步变压器来保证相位差。2脉冲移相触发电路的移相触发角的大小是由输入控制电压UC决定的,UC的输入范围在5V5V,对应触发角MIN和MAX。设移相控制特性为线性,当UCM时,MAX150,当UCM时,MIN9060UC/UCM。当同步信号正跳沿发生时,触发AT89C52硬件定时器T0开始计时,同时中断INT0产生中断响应,将按当前输入控制电压UC值计算的值写入软件触发定时T1,并启动定时器T1。AT89C52单片机使用的晶振为12MHZ,其机器周期为025S,硬件定时器T0是每8个机器周期计数一次,故计数周期为2S,利用相邻同步信号上升沿之间的时间差来计算电网周期。设前一个同步基准到来时定时器T0计数值为T1,当前同步基准到来时定时器计数值为T2,则电网周期TT2T1,单位电角度对应的时间为T/360,电角度对应的时间T1UT/360,T1U即为在同步基准上升沿发生后第一个脉冲的触发时间。改变第一个脉冲即意味着脉冲移相。3脉冲形成与输出。利用AT89C52的软件触发定时器,使用定时中断结合软件查询的方法实现触发脉冲的产生和输出。当同步信号的正跳沿发生时,立即引起INT0的外中断,它根据计算每周期第一个脉冲对应的时间值T1U,即此触发冲的上升沿定时值,脉冲下降沿定时值T1D由脉宽度决定,设脉宽为15,则T1D15T/360,将T1U值置入定时器T1中,并启动定时器,经过T1U时间后定时器T1产生定时中断,在该时刻触发脉冲1输出高电平,这样就形成了1号触发脉冲的上升沿。当1号脉冲上升沿来到时,根据当前值,加上两相邻脉冲之间的相位差,在三相桥电路中60,则2号脉冲的定时值为上升沿定时值T2U60T/360,亦即T2UT1U60T/360T1UT/6。即在第一个定时中断处理程序中,将定时值修改为60T/360,同时启动定时器,为第二个触发脉冲的产生做准备。在这个过程中用软件查询定时器T1的计数值,如果定时的时刻达到了T1D时刻,则将触发脉冲1输出低电平,这样就完成了一个完整的触发脉冲1。同理,即可产生2号脉冲至6号脉冲的上升沿和下降沿,六路输出脉冲可分别送至三相桥电路的相应6只可控硅。定时器T1中断的中断处理子程序如图2所示。本科毕业设计论文外文翻译23图2T1定时中断服务程序流程图4基于FPGA的数字触发电路1FPGA中脉冲形成原理。基于FPGA的数字移相触发电路对三相全控桥式整流电路起到核心控制作用,其性能优劣直接关系到整个整流电路性能指标。整流电路由6只可控硅组成,在任何时刻必须保证有两个不同组的可控硅同时导通才能构成回路,换流只在本组内进行,每隔120换流一次。由于共阴极组和共阳级组的换流点相隔60,所以每隔60有一个可控硅换流,同组内每个可控硅的触发脉冲相位差是60。该数字移相触发电路的系统结构如图3所示。控制电压经过V/F转换器得到的脉冲作为计数脉冲。在FPGA中使用20位计数器对其计数来控制触发脉冲的移相角,脉冲频率越高，计数时间就越短,移相角就越小,这样通过控制电压的变化来实现触发脉冲的移相,移相角的范围约为0180。图3中的G1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6分别为6只可控硅的触发极。图3FPGA数字移相触发电路系统结构图FPGA中脉冲形成电路主要由3路相同的模块组成,每个模块有其对应的源代码文件,网表文件,并在软件中进行住址测试,再下载到FPGA器件中,最后利用示波器进行波形验证。以A相为例,输入数据在时钟脉冲上升沿有效时,以串行数据方式输入到20位移位寄存锁存器中,当20个输入周期过后,数据全被输入并被锁存,同时计算出相应的移相角。同步信号被作为移相计数器的启动信号,一旦同步信号的上升本科毕业设计论文外文翻译18沿到来,便开始启动移相计数器。当计数值达到预定值时触发电路输出触发脉冲的上升沿,同时脉冲宽度计数器启动当计数值达到给定的计数值时,触发电路输出触发脉冲的下降沿,产生一个完整的移相触发脉冲。当第一个移相触发脉冲的上升沿到来的同时,该信号同时触发脉冲间隔计数器,为下一个触发脉冲的产生做准备。以此类推,便产生了与电源A,B,C三相同步的六路移相触发脉冲。5试验验证通过实验将以上所设计的数字可控硅触发电路应用于三相桥式全波整流电路中,基于单片机和FPGA的数字可控触发电路的实际输出波形和试验数据分别如图4和表1所示。实验中的整流电源为三相380V交流电源,电源频率为50HZ,频率波动范围为5。图4输出波形图6结语基于单片机和FPGA的数字可控触发电路解决了模拟触发电路由于电路元件参数的分散性,各个触发器的移相控制存在某种程度的不一致,容易受电网中各种因素影响，触发效果差的问题,数字触发电路能够按照要求产生精确的脉冲触发信号,实际测试结果表明其触发角的控制误差在009066的范围内,大幅度地提高了触发精确度。同时由于其支持在线编程,调试比较方便,且产生的脉冲稳定性好,相序自适应,抗干扰性强,适用于大容量三相桥式全控可控硅整流电路。表1试验测试结果本科毕业设计论文外文翻译18译文2利用单片机实现可控硅导通角控制陈晓英,王德江,陈骁峰摘要本系统介绍了基于单片机控制的可控硅电路，该电路运用外部中断获得同步信号，通过定时器实现对可控硅导通角的控制。关键词导通角；同步信号；触发脉冲；消弧线圈1引言可控硅可以实现交流电的无触点控制，并且能以小电流控制大电流，速度快、寿命长，由此可控硅在生活、生产中的应用越来越普遍。随着社会的不断进步、技术的不断发展，以及个领域的需求，人们对控制可控硅的导通角控制技术的要求越来越高，高精确度已经成为各项研究的首要前提。2可控硅消弧线圈控制系统原理图设计在小电流接地系统故障选线与补偿装置中，消弧线圈的电感量可根据接地点电容电流大小做适当的调解，使消弧线圈电流与接地点电容电流大小相等，方向相反，以达到最佳补偿效果。而消弧线圈电感的调节是通过调节铁心励磁线圈电流，来控制铁心的饱和程度，这一过程依靠调节可控硅导通角实现的。消弧线圈控制系统的原理框图如图1所示。图1消弧线圈控制系统原理图单片机8031的INT0中断接收同步信号，P11控制触发脉冲。励磁线圈的电压同时作为同步电压信号，当可控硅的控制角发生变化时，励磁线圈的等效励磁电流也发生变化，这样达到了调整消弧线圈电感的目的。3硬件电路31同步脉冲的获取方法在交流设备中，正半周与负半周都要受控的设备较多，这就要求在一个周期内出现两个同步脉冲。因此，同步脉冲的获取方法是将同步交流信号整流，使后一个过零点的波形与前一个过零点的波形一致,如图2所示。这样只要设一门坎电压U0，将U1与U相减，再用运放电路整形，即可获得同步脉冲。影响同步脉冲宽度的因素是U1和U0的幅值。当U0一定时，随同步交流电压幅值的增大，同步脉冲的宽度变窄，当同步交流电压的幅值一定时，随着U0的降低，同步脉冲宽度也随之变窄。本科毕业设计论文外文翻译18图2同步脉冲的波形32元件参数对同步脉宽的影响在同步信号转换过程中，窄的同步脉冲受器件参数的影响较大。如果元件选值不正确，会使同步信号丢失，正常的同步信号应如图31中实线所示。图32为转换电路。在原理图中R3是很关键的电阻。由于R2的阻值一般将峰值电流限制在50MA左右，所以它的取值不大。VD1,VD2由于有结电容存在。在同步交流信号过零点，整流中二极管截止，R2、R3VD1,VD2的内阻，成为C1和C2的放电回路，由此可知，在保证交流同步信号源输出功率不过载的前提下，R2与R3的值越小越好。同理，R4的取值也是越小越好。否则总的时间常数过大,会出现如图31中所示的同步波形，由于窄脉冲幅值未降到数字电路转换的阈值以下,所以会丢失同步信号。图31同步信号图32转换电路4软件的编写方法41控制角当量值的测量由于双向可控硅要由单片机来控制，这就要求单片机计算出每控制1度角所对应的时间常数,即当量值。简便方法是利用单片机内部资源，外部中断INT1和定时器T1来接收同步脉冲信号，T1则进行内部计数即定时方式。首先选择晶振,交流电每半波占用的时间为001S，而定时器的最大计数21665536，则计数脉冲频率FMAX216/001S655M。由于计数脉冲由晶振通过内部分频电路获得，所以理论本科毕业设计论文外文翻译18上晶振FOSE12655786M。从实际应用考虑，晶振选用12M，这样计数脉冲频率为1M，定时器T1模式选择方式1。当第一个同步脉冲下降沿到来时，令TR11,启动定时器T1，当第二个同步脉冲下降沿来到时令TR10,停止计数器T1计数。取出计数值N，N次实验后，求出平均，则当量值CN/180，记录当量值。几次实验记录如表1，从表中可算得每度当量值为55。表1实验记录表42可控硅导通角的控制每度控制角的当量值确定后，就可以由单片机来控制双向可控硅控制角。在补偿装置中，补偿量是由控制器事先算得的接地点电容电流IC决定的。由IC求得补偿装置电感的控制角，是系统正常时计算的，作为故障使用的依据。当单相接地故障发生后，控制器通过接口电路检测接地信号，打开同步信号入口，产生INT1中断。在INT1中断里设置T1定时器工作在方式2，使T1打开中断，启动定时器T1，T1在第次中断开始时，即是控制角输出时刻,所以将输出控制位置置高电平。经过延时后，再置成低电平，根据选定的脉冲宽度确定系数。一般脉冲宽度取38，脉冲太窄会影响控制的可靠，如果脉冲太宽，在导通角很小时，会影响后半周导通角的控制。5结束语由于单片机CPU控制导通角依赖于同步脉冲，而同步脉冲宽度在1020角度之间。前半周和后半周各有510的角度被覆盖，所以控制角不应该出现在前半周结尾和后半周开始10左右，每半周的控制角范围应在10170之间，系统才能稳定。否则每周波会丢失一组控制信号，或是使后半周失控，所以这种由单片机控制的双向可控硅系统，应注意同步脉冲和触发脉冲及控制范围的关系。本科毕业设计论文外文翻译19原文1THEDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFTRIGGERCIRCUITSFORSCRBASEDONMCUANDFPGAWANGWEIBING,SUNYONGJIE,LIUWEIDONGABSTRACTAIMATTHEINCONSISTENCIESOFTRIGGERPHASESHIFTINGININTEGRATEDANALOGSCRTRIGGERCIRCUITSCAUSEDBYTHEDISPERSITYOFCOMPONENTS,ADIGITALSCRTRIGGERCIRCUITSISDESIGNEDBASEDONFPGAANDMCUPREPROCESSEDANALOGOUSSIGNALSISCONVERTEDTODIGITALQUANTITIESBYA/DTHROUGHPULSESYNCHRONIZING,PHASESHIFTING,THEQUALIFIEDPULSEFORSCRISPRODUCEDATLASTTHERESULTSSHOWTHATTHESEDIGITALSCRTRIGGERCIRCUITSHAVEHIGHPRECISION,THEDIFFERENCEOFTRIGGERANGLEISWITHIN009066KEYWORDSSCRTRIGGERCIRCUITSMCUFPGA1PREFACEANALOGINTEGRATEDTRIGGERCIRCUITKC04,ASTHEDOUBLEPULSECONTROLLEDPHASESHIFTINGTRIGGER,OUTPUTOF180ARETWOROADPHASESHIFTINGPULSECANBEEASILYCONSTITUTEALLCONTROLTHEBRIDGETYPETOGGLECIRCUIT,BUTBECAUSEITSCIRCUITELEMENTPARAMETERSOFDISPERSION,EACHFLIPFLOPPHASESHIFTINGCONTROLTHEREMUSTBESOMEDEGREEOFNOTCONSISTENT,SUCHCAUSETHREEPHASEWAVEFORMINASYMMETRIC,THISLARGECAPACITYDEVICEAPPLICATIONS,WILLCAUSETHREEPHASEPOWERIMBALANCE,NEUTERLINEAPPEAREDCURRENTGENERALANALOGUETRIGGERCIRCUITEVERYPHASEPULSEDISEQUILIBRIUMDEGREESFOR3,EVENLARGERCORRESPONDING,DIGITALSCRTRIGGERCIRCUITHASALOTOFADVANTAGES,THYRISTORTRIGGERSIGNALCANFULLYREALIZEBYDIGITALSIGNALS,THEDIGITALTYPETRIGGERCANBEACCURATEGREATLYIMPROVECONTROLTHISPAPERBASEDONSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERBASEDONFPGADESIGNFORTHECONTROLLERANDTHEDIGITALTYPETRIGGER,CANGREATLYSIMPLIFIEDTHEHARDWARECIRCUITCOMPONENTS,ANDCANIMPROVETHEACCURACY,TRIGGERINGCONTROLINTHEERROROFALPHATRIGGERINGANGLE009066RANGE2THEBASICREQUIREMENTSOFSCRTRIGGERCIRCUIT1TRIGGERINGPULSEDUEANDCERTAINAMPLITUDEANDPOWERTRIGGERCIRCUITPROVIDESTRIGGEREDTHEPULSEPOWERTOMAKEALLEQUALLYCAPACITYQUALIFIEDELEMENTSARECANRELIABLYTRIGGERANDUNAPTMAKECOMPONENTSDAMAGEUPONTRIGGERPULSEAMPLITUDETHANTHISELEMENTTRIGGERVOLTAGESISSMALLERTHANTHEMAXIMUMALLOWEDDOORVERYVOLTAGEDONTTRIGGERWHENTRIGGERCIRCUITOUTPUTMUSTNOTBEMORETHANCOMPONENTSDONTTRIGGERVOLTAGES2）TRIGGERPULSEDUEANDCERTAINWIDTHWHENWITHNARROWIMPULSECONTROL,PULSEWIDTHATLEASTROSETOMORETHANTHEANODECURRENTSINGLEHANDEDLY,OTHERWISETHETIMELIVINGCURRENTPULSEDISAPPEAR,WHENTRIGGEREDTHYRISTORWILLAGAININSTAURATIONBLOCKING3PULSEFRONTIERASSTEEPTHYRISTORELEMENTDOORISEXTREMELYPARAMETERSOFDISPERSIVE,TRIGGERINGPULSESTEEPFRONTCANMAKETHETRIGGERDELAYANGLEALPHASTABILITYREDUCETHEDOORVERYPARAMETERSOFALPHAANGLEOFIMPACTSCATTEREDINADDITION,TRIGGERINGPULSEFRONTIERISMOREABRUPT,COMPONENTSOPENEDTIMEISSHORTER,WHICHCANPROVIDEPRECISETRIGGERDELAYHORNS4TRIGGERINGPULSETOANDMAINCIRCUITSYNCHRONIZATIONANDACERTAINPHASESHIFTINGRANGEIN本科毕业设计论文外文翻译20RECTIFYINGANDACTIVEINVERTERCIRCUITS,INORDERTOMAKEEACHCYCLEREPEATEDINTHESAMEPHASETRICKLEUP,TRIGGERINGSIGNALSMUSTANDMAINCIRCUITACPOWERVOLTAGESYNCHRONIZATIONMEANWHILE,TRIGGERINGDELAYANGLESHOULDCANACCORDINGTOTHECONTROLSIGNALREQUIREMENTSCHANGE,NAMELYALPHADUEANDCERTAINPHASESHIFTINGRANGE3THEDIGITALTRIGGERBASEDONMCUBASEDONMCUBYAT89C52DIGITALTRIGGERCONSTITUTESADIGITALFLIPFLOPS,CIRCUITBYSYNCHRONIZATION,PHASESHIFTING,PULSEFORMATIONANDOUTPUTFOURPARTS,ASSHOWNINFIGURE1BELOWFIGURE1BASEDONMCUDIGITALTRIGGERCIRCUIT1IMPULSIVESYNCHRONIZATIONTOACSYNCHRONOUSVOLTAGEZEROREFERENCESTANDARDS,CALCULATETHESIZEOFTRIGGERINGDELAYANGLEALPHA,TIMERANDTRIGGEREDBYALPHAVALUERESPECTIVELYTHEORDERWILLBESENTTOTHECORRESPONDINGPULSETHYRISTORDOOREXTREMELYDIGITALTRIGGERTHERELATIVESYNCHRONOUSBENCHMARKTRIGGEREDTHISWAY,WHENONLYASYNCHRONOUSBENCHMARKFIRSTPULSEPRODUCEDBYSYNCHRONOUSBENCHMARK,THENWITHTHEFIRSTTRIGGERPULSEASTHENEXTTRIGGERPULSEBENCHMARK,ANDSOFORTHSYNCHRONOUSVOLTAGECANCABLEVOLTAGEORPHASEVOLTAGEANDTRIGGERFIXEDPHASENOLONGERNEEDSYNCHRONIZATIONTRANSFORMERSTOENSUREPHASEDIFFERENCE2PULSETRIGGERCIRCUITOFPHASESHIFTINGPHASESHIFTINGTHESIZEOFALPHATRIGGERINGANGLEBYINPUTCONTROLVOLTAGEISDECIDED,UCTHEINPUTRANGEUCIN5V5V,CORRESPONDINGTOTRIGGERANGLEMINANDMXSETFORLINEARPHASESHIFTINGCONTROLCHARACTERISTIC,WHENUCM,MAX150,WHENUCM,MIN9060UC/UCMWHENSYNCHRONOUSSIGNALISJUMPINGALONGOCCURS,TRIGGERINGTHEAT89C52SINGLEHARDWARETIMERINTERRUPTIONT0STARTTIME,ATTHESAMETIMEINT0PRODUCEINTERRUPTRESPONSE,ACCORDINGTOTHECURRENTINPUTCONTROLVOLTAGEVALUESCALCULATEDUCVALUEWRITESOFTWARETRIGGER,ANDSTARTTHETIMERT1AT89C52MCUUSEFOR12MHZCRYSTALS,THEMACHINECYCLEFOR025US,HARDWARETIMERT0ISEVERYEIGHTMACHINECYCLECOUNTONCE,SOCOUNTINGCYCLEFOR2US,USERISEBETWEENADJACENTSYNCHRONIZEDSIGNALTOCALCULATETHELAGBETWEENGRIDCYCLESETTHEBENCHMARKCOMESBEFOREASYNCHRONIZEDT0COUNTVALUEFORTIMERT1,THECURRENTSYNCHRONOUSBENCHMARKARRIVALTIMERCOUNTVALUEFORT2,THENGRIDCYCLETT2T1,POINTBLANKTIMEUNITOFELECTRICITYFORT/360,ALPHAELECTRICPOINTBLANKT1UT/360,NAMELYFORTHE360INSYNCHRONOUSBENCHMARKTHERISINGEDGEOCCURREDAFTERTHEFIRSTPULSETRIGGERINGTIMECHANGEMEANSTHATPULSEFIRSTPULSEPHASESHIFTING3PULSEFORMANDOUTPUTBYAT89C52SINGLESOFTWARETRIGGERTIMER,USETIMINGINTERRUPTCOMBININGSOFTWAREQUERYMETHODOFREALIZINGTRIGGERPULSEPRODUCEDANDOUTPUTWHENSYNCHRONIZEDSIGNALWASDANCINGALONGOCCURS,DREWIMMEDIATEINT0EXTERNALINTERRUPTION,ITCALCULATEDACCORDINGTOALPHAFIRSTPULSEPERCYCLETIMEVALUECORRESPONDINGT1U,THISISTRIGGERINGFLUSHRISE,PULSEDOWN本科毕业设计论文外文翻译21ALONGTHEFIXEDDURATIONALONGWITHPULSEWIDTHSETDURATIONT1DDECISION,SETFOR15,PULSEWIDTHIST1D15T/360,WILLPUTINT1UVALUE,ANDSTARTTIMERT1,AFTERT1UTIMETIMERT1PRODUCETIMINGINTERRUPT,TIMERINTHISMOMENTTRIGGERINGPULSEOUTPUTHIGHLEVEL,FORMEDSONO1TRIGGERPULSETHERISINGEDGEWHENNO1PULSETHERISINGEDGECAME,ACCORDINGTOTHECURRENT,PLUSTWOADJACENTALPHAVALUEDIFFERENCEBETWEENPULSEINTHREEPHASEBRIDGECIRCUITS,60,THENNO2BALLPULSESETDURATIONFORTHERISINGEDGET2U60T/360,T2UT1U60T/360T1UT/6ATTHEFIRSTTIMETHATINTERRUPTHANDLERS,WILLBESETFOR60MINIMMODIFY,ANDT/360STARTTIMER,FORTHESECONDTRIGGERPULSEPRODUCEPREPARATIONINTHEPROCESSOFUSINGSOFTWAREINQUIRESTHETIMERT1,COUNTVALUEREACHEDTHEMOMENTIFTIMINGT1DMOMENT,WILLTRIGGERPULSEOUTPUTLOWLEVEL,THUSCOMPLETINGACOMPLETETRIGGERINGPULSE1SIMILARLY,CANPRODUCE2PULSETO6PULSERISEANDDECLINEOFALLALONG,THEOUTPUTPULSECANBESENTTOTHREEPHASEBRIDGECIRCUITRESPECTIVELYCORRESPONDINGTHYRISTORONLY6THETIMERT1INTERRUPTEDTHEINTERRUPTHANDLINGSUBROUTINESASFIGURE2SHOWSFIGURE2T1TIMINGINTERRUPTSERVICEROUTINEFLOWCHART4ONFPGADIGITALTRIGGERCIRCUIT1THEFPGAPULSEINFORMINGPRINCIPLEBASEDONFPGADIGITALPHASESHIFTINGTOTRIGGERCIRCUIT3PHASESFULLCONTROLLEDRECTIFIERCIRCUITPLAYCORECONTROLFUNCTION,ITSPERFORMANCEQUALITYDIRECTLYRELATEDTOTHEWHOLERECTIFIERCIRCUITPERFORMANCEINDICATORSBYSILICONCONTROLLEDRECTIFIERCIRCUITCOMPOSEDONLY6,ATANYGIVENMOMENTMUSTENSURETHATTHEREARETWODIFFERENTSETSOFSCRANDGUIDEGENERALISTSCANCONSTITUTEONLYINTHECOMMUTATIONCIRCUIT,WITHINTHEGROUPEVERY120FLOWCHANGINGAGAINBECAUSEOFTHECATHODEGROUPANDTHECHANGEOFYANGLEVELGROUPINTERVALOF60,FLOWINGPOINTEVERY60SOCOMMUTATION,ASCRSILICONINSIDEEACHOFTHEGROUPPHASEDIFFERENCEIS60TRIGGERINGPULSETHISDIGITALPHASESHIFTINGTRIGGERCIRCUITSYSTEMSTRUCTUREFIGURE3SHOWSCONTROLVOLTAGEAFTERV/FCONVERTERGETPULSEASCOUNTINGPULSEUSE20INFPGAFORITSCOUNTTOCONTROL本科毕业设计论文外文翻译22COUNTERTHEPHASEANGLE,TRIGGERINGPULSEMOVEHIGHERPULSEFREQUENCYCOUNTSMORESHORT,MOVETHETIMEPHASEANGLEISSMALLER,BYTHECONTROLVOLTAGECHANGESTHATTOREALIZETHETRIGGERINGPULSEPHASESHIFTINGPHASEANGLERANGE,MOVEABOUT0180FIGURE3OFTHEG1,G2,G3,G4,G5,ONLY6G6RESPECTIVELYTHETRIGGERSCREXTREMELYFIGURE3FPGADIGITALPHASESHIFTINGTRIGGERCIRCUITSYSTEMSTRUCTUREFPGAPULSEFORMINGCIRCUITINTHESAMEWAYBYTHREEMAJORMODULES,EACHMODULEHAVEITSCORRESPONDINGSOURCEFILES,NETSLISTDOCUMENT,ANDDONEINSOFTWARETESTING,TODOWNLOADTOADDRESSTHEFPGADEVICE,FINALLYUSINGANOSCILLOSCOPETOWAVEFORMVERIFICATIONFOREXAMPLE,INAPHOTOGRAPHWITHTHECLOCKPULSEINPUTDATA,ALONGWITHRISINGEFFECTIVEWAYINSERIALDATAINPUTTO20SHIFTHOSTINGLATCHES,WHEN20INPUTCYCLE,DATAWASALLAFTERINPUTANDBELATCH,ALSOCALCULATETHECORRESPONDINGMOVEANGLESYNCSIGNALISASTHESTARTUPPHASESHIFTINGCOUNTER,ONCETOBILEVELSYNCSIGNALARRIVAL,BEGANRISINGEDGESTARTUPPHASESHIFTINGCOUNTERWHENTHECOUNTVALUETOACHIEVETARGETVALUETRIGGERCIRCUITOUTPUTTRIGGERPULSERISE,WHILETHEPULSEWIDTHALONGTHECOUNTERLAUNCHEDWHENTHECOUNTVALUEREACHEDGIVENCOUNTVALUE,TRIGGERCIRCUITOUTPUTTRIGGERPULSEDOWNALONG,PRODUCINGACOMPLETEPHASESHIFTINGTRIGGERINGPULSEWHENTHEFIRSTPHASESHIFTINGTRIGGERPULSETHERISINGEDGECOMINGATTHESAMETIME,THESIGNALANDTRIGGERINGPULSEINTERMISSIONFORNEXTACOUNTERANDPREPARETHETRIGGERPULSEPRODUCEDBYANALOGY,THEYGENERATEWITHPOWERA,B,CTHREEPHASESYNCHRONIZEDSIXPHASESHIFTINGTRIGGERPULSE5TESTTHROUGHTHEEXPERIMENTWILLABOVEOFTHEDESIGNEDDIGITALSCRTRIGGERCIRCUITAPPLICATIONINTHREEPHASEBRIDGETYPEWHOLEWAVEOFRECTIFIERCIRCUITBASEDONSCMANDFPGADIGITALCONTROLLEDTRIGGERCIRCUITSACTUALOUTPUTWAVEFORMANDTESTDATAAREASSHOWNINFIGURE4ANDTABLE1BELOWEXPERIMENTSOFRECTIFYINGPOWERSUPPLYFORTHREEPHASE380VCOMMUNICATIONPOWERSUPPLY,SWITCHINGFREQUENCY50HZ,FREQUENCYFLUCTUATINGRANGEFOR5FIGURE4OUTPUTWAVEFORMFIGURE6CLOSING本科毕业设计论文外文翻译23BASEDONMCUANDFPGADIGITALCONTROLLEDTRIGGERCIRCUITSOLVEDSIMULATIONTRIGGERCIRCUITBECAUSEOFACIRCUITELEMENTPARAMETERSOFDISPERSION,EACHFLIPFLOPPHASESHIFTINGSOMEDEGREEOFCONTROLAREINCONSISTENTANDEASILYINFLUENCEDBYVARIOUSFACTORS,THEPOWEROFTHEPROBLEMOFPOORTRIGGEREDEFFECT,DIGITALTRIGGERCIRCUITCANACCORDINGTOTHEREQUESTOFTHEPULSEGENERATINGACCURATETRIGGEREDSIGNALS,THEACTUALTESTRESULTSSHOWTHATTHECONTROLOFALPHATRIGGERINGANGLEERRORINTHE066009RANGE,GREATLYIMPROVEDTHEPRECISIONTRIGGEREDATTHESAMETIMEBECAUSEITSSUPPORTONLINEPROGRAMMING,DEBUGGINGISMORECONVENIENT,ANDPRODUCEGOODSTABILITY,THEPULSESEQUENCEADAPTIVE,ANTIJAMMINGISSTRONG,SUITABLEFORLARGECAPACITYTHREEPHASEBRIDGETYPEALLCONTROLSILICONCONTROLLEDRECTIFIERCIRCUIT表1试验测试结果本科毕业设计论文外文翻译24原文2THECONDUCTIONANGLEOFSILICONCONTROLLEDRECTIFIERBYMCUCHENXIAOYING,WANGDEJIANG,CHENXIAOFENGABSTRACTTHESYSTEMBASEDONSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERCONTROLISINTRODUCED,THECIRCUITCONTROLLEDCIRCUITWITHEXTERNALINTERRUPTSOBTAINSYNCHRONIZEDSIGNALBYTIMERSREALIZE,TOCONDUCTIONANGLECONTROLKEYWORDSCONDUCTINGANGELSYNCSIGNALTRIGGERPULSECROWBARCOIL1PREFACESCRCANREALIZETHENONCONTACTCONTROL,ANDALTERNATINGCURRENTSINTHESMALLCURRENTCONTROLLARGECURRENT,SPEED,LONGSERVICELIFE,THUSSCRAPPLICATIONINLIFE,PRODUCTIONISMOREANDMORECOMMONWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIETY,THEDEVELOPMENTOFTECHNOLOGY,ANDAFIELDOFDEMAND,TOCONTROLTHEPEOPLEWHOCONTROLLEDTHECONDUCTIONANGLESCONTROLTECHNOLOGYREQUESTISMOREANDMOREHIGH,HIGHPRECISIONHASBECOMETHEFIRSTPREMISEOFTHERESEARCH2SCRARCEXTINCTIONCOILCONTROLSYSTEMDIAGRAMDESIGNINTHESMALLCURRENTGROUNDINGSYSTEMFAULTLOCATIONANDCOMPENSATIONDEVICE,THEINDUCTANCEOFARCEXTINCTIONCOILACCORDINGTOQUANTITYCANPICKSITECAPACITANCECURRENTSIZEDOPROPERCONCILIATION,MAKEARCEXTINCTIONCOILCURRENTSANDMEETSITECAPACITANCECURRENTEQUAL,INOPPOSITEDIRECTIONS,INORDERTOACHIEVETHEBESTCOMPENSATIONEFFECTANDTHEINDUCTANCEOFARCEXTINCTIONCOILBYADJUSTINGCONTROLISIRONEXCITATIONCOILCURRENT,TOCONTROLTHESATURATIONLEVELIRONTHISPROCESSRELYONADJUSTINGCONDUCTIONANGLESTOREALIZEOFARCEXTINCTIONCOILCONTROLSYSTEMPRINCIPLEBLOCKDIAGRAMSHOWNASSHOWNINFIGURE1FIGURE1ARCEXTINCTIONCOILCONTROLSYSTEMDIAGRAM3HARDWARECIRCUIT31SYNCHRONOUSPULSEACQUISITIONMETHODINCOMMUNICATIONEQUIPMENT,THEPOSITIVEHALFCYCLEANDNEGATIVEHALFCYCLEARECONTROLLEDEQUIPMENTISMORE,THISREQUIRESACYCLEINTHEOCCURRENCEOFTWOSYNCHRONOUSPULSETHEREFORE,SYNCHRONOUSPULSEACQUISITIONMETHODISACSIGNALSYNCHRONOUSLY,MAKEAAFTERRECTIFYINGTHEWAVEFORMANDZEROAZEROBEFORETHEWAVEFORMCONSISTENT,SHOWNINFIGURE2SO,ASLONGASSETATHRESHOLDVOLTAGEU0,WILLU1ANDUSUBTRACTION,REOCCUPYAMPLIFIERPLASTIC,CANOBTAINSYNCHRONOUSPULSEINFLUENCEFACTORSOFSYNCHRONOUSPULSEWIDTHISU1ANDU0AMPLITUDEWHENU0CERTAINWITH本科毕业设计论文外文翻译25SYNCHRONOUSCOMMUNICATION,THEINCREASEOFVOLTAGEAMPLITUDE,SYNCHRONOUSPULSEWIDTHNARROWS,WHENSYNCHRONOUSACVOLTAGEAMPLITUDEMUST,ASU0OFTHELOWER,SYNCHRONOUSPULSEWIDTHISSUBSEQUENTLYNARROWEDFIGURE2SYNCHRONOUSPULSEWAVEFORM32ELEMENTPARAMETERSONTHESYNCHRONOUSPULSEWIDTHINFLUENCEINSYNCHRONIZEDSIGNALCONVERSIONPROCESS,NARROWSYNCHRONOUSPULSEINFLUENCEDBYDEVICEPARAMETERSIFELEMENTSSELECTEDVALUEISNOTCORRECT,CANMAKETHESYNCHRONOUSSIGNALLOSSNORMALSYNCHRONIZINGSIGNALLSHOULDBEASSHOWNINFIGURE31PHYSICALLINEASSHOWNFIGURE32FORCONVERTINGCIRCUITINPRINCIPLEDIAGRAMR3RESISTANCEISKEYDUETOTHERESISTANCEOFTHEGENERALWILLPEAKR2D2AROUND50MAINCURRENTLIMITINGVALUE,SOITISVD1,VD2WITHJUNCTIONEXISTS,THESYNCHRONOUSCOMMUNICATIONSIGNALSINHADZERO,B1RECTIFIERDIODEDEADLINES,R2,VD1,THEVD2,R3RESISTANCE,BECOMEC1ANDC2DISCHARGECIRCUIT,PREDICTABLY,ENSUREACSYNCHRONOUSSIGNALOUTPUTPOWERBUTLOADWITHTHEPREMISEOFTHEVALUEOFR3,R2THESMALLTHEBETTERSIMILARLY,THEVALUEOFR4ISALSOOTHERWISETHETOTALTIMECONSTANTISTOOBIG,CANAPPEARASSHOWNINFIGURE31SHOWNINSYNCHRONOUSWAVEFORM,DUETOTHENARROWPULSEAMPLITUDEHASNTDROPPEDTOADIGITALCIRCUITCONVERTINGTHRESHOLD,SOWILLBELOSTTHERSYNCHRONOUSSIGNALFIGURE31SYNCSIGNALFIGURE32CONVERSIONCIRCUIT4SOFTWARECOMPILATIONMETHOD41CONTROLANGLEWHENTHEVALUESOFQUANTITIESOFTHEMEASUREMENTDUETOTHEBIDIRECTIONALTHYRISTORWOULDEVENTUALLYBYSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERTOCONTROL,WHICHREQUIRESTHEMICROCONTROLLERCALCULATEDEACHCONTROL1DEGREEANGLEOFTHECORRESPONDINGTIMECONSTANT,ANDTHATISWHENTHEQUANTITYSIMPLEMETHODUSINGSINGLECHIPCOMPUTERISINTERNAL