牛津译林版8B Unit1 Gramma (共PPT).ppt

Presentperfecttense,现在完成时态1,past,present,EddiehaslivedwithMilliesincehewasborn.,EddiehaslivedwithMillieforfouryears.,past,present,4years,Eddiewasbornfouryearsago.,一.现在完成时的含义,表示过去已完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与“already、ever、just、never、recently、yet”等连用；Wehavejustfinishedthereport.Hehasnotreturnedthebooktomeyet.HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.表示过去发生动作持续到现在，常与“since、for”连用。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Shehasbeenillforthreemonths.,二、现在完成时的构成,WehavelivedinBeijingsincewewereborn.Hehasalreadyhadhislunch.Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.,2.现在完成时的否定句,1.现在完成时的肯定句,句型主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+have主语（第三人称复数）+have+过去分词主语（第三人称单数）+has,句型主语+have/has+not+过去分词+,Ihavenotseenthemovieyet.HehasntbeentoBeijingsincethen.Shehasnteatenit.Theyhaventfinishedthework.,3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型Have/Has+主语+过去分词+.Haveyoufinishedthework?Hasshearrivedhere?Havetheyeatensupper?4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Whathaveyoufinishedrecently?,Yes,have/has.No,havent/hasnt.,Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.,Yes,shehas./No,shehasnt.,Yes,theyhave./No,theyhavent.,Exercise,对划线部分提问,ThegirlhaslearnedEnglishfor6years.,Ihaveeatentwoapplesforbreakfast.,HowlonghasthegirllearnedEnglish?,Whathaveyoueatenforbreakfast?,1.Shehasalreadycleanedthekitchen.(改为否定句)She_cleanedthekitchen_.2.TheyhavevisitedsomeinterestingplacesinChina.(改为一般疑问句)_they_interestingplacesinChina?3.Thepoordoghasdied.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）_thepoordog_?-No,it_.4.Theyhaveborrowedtenbooksfromthelibrary.(对划线部分提问)_books_they_fromthelibrary?5.IhaveeverbeentotheGreatWall.(改为否定句)I_beentotheGreatWall.6.Theyhavestudiedheresincetheymovedtothecity.(对划线部分提问)_they_here?,hasntyet,Havevisitedany,Hasdiedhasnt,Howmanyhaveborrowed,havenever,Howlonghavestudied,三、过去分词的构成,travelled,moved,stayed,owned,learned,visited,stopped,finished,shopped,repaired,A.规则动词的过去分词与过去式一致,B.不规则动词的过去分词,thought,caught,given,made,written,put,cost,grown,hurt,run,felt,fallen,flown,had,drunk,brought,worn,sung,forgotten,kept,Completethesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense.,They_(finish)theirhomework.2.MrandMrsLi_(notcome)backyet.3.John_(play)thiscomputergameafewtimes.4.We_(notsee)thatfilmyet.5.MrDong_(repair)overtenbicyclessincelastMonday.6.You_(notvisit)meforalongtime.,haventcome,havefinished,hasplayed,haventseen,hasrepaired,haventvisited,Completetheconversationusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.,Millie:(1)_you_(see)anyexhibitionsrecently,Sandy?Sandy:No,I(2)_.Whataboutyou?Millie:Well,I(3)_(see)one.Isawitatthehistorymuseumlastweek.Sandy:Whatsitabout?,Haveseen,haveseen,havent,Millie:I(4)_(forget)thetitle.ItsaboutchangesinBeijingoverthepastcentury.Sandy:Oh,yes.I(5)_(hear)aboutit.(6)_yourcousin_(go)withyou?Millie:No,he(7)_.He(8)_(be)verybusythisweek.,haveforgotten,haveheard,Have,gone,hasnt,hasbeen,Sandy:Didyouenjoytheexhibition?Millie:Yes,Idid.I(9)_(learn)alotaboutBeijingspastandpresent.ItsagoodexhibitionandI(10)_(decide)toseeitagain.Doyouwanttogowithme?Sandy:Sure.Iwontmissitthistime.,havelearnt,havedecided,1)你已经收到你爸爸的来信了吗？2)我已经很长时间没有看见我姑姑了。3)Simon曾经去过几次中国?4)她刚刚写好两篇文章。5)他们已经去电影院了。6)Smith夫妇还没有回来。7)自从上午9点你就在等他吗？8)人们自从1998年开始使用这个新机场。,翻译：,Haveyoureceivedyourfathersletteryet?,Ihavenotseenmyauntforalongtime.,HowmanytimeshasSimonbeentoChina?,Shehasjustwrittentwoarticles.,Theyhavegonetothecinema.,MrSmithandMrsSmithhavenotcomebackyet.,Haveyouwaitedforhimsince9a.m.?,Theyhaveusedthenewairportsince1998.,用正确时态填空Hurryup!Lunch_already_(begin)._heever_(ride)abike?Liming_(hurt)hisarmlastweek.He_already_(stay)inbedforfivedays.Yesterday,she_(buy)onebookinthebookshop.She_(notread)itsincethen.I_already_(lose)mypen._(buy)ittwodaysago.He_(wait)foranhour.I_(notfinish)theworkyet._you_(know)himsincethen?,haswaited,haventfinished,Have,known,hurt,has,begun,Has,ridden,has,stayed,bought,hasntread,havelost,bought,9.We_(be)theremanytimesinthepast3years.10.Howlong_you_(stay)athomealready?11.He_(notread)thebookbefore.I_(hear)frommybrotherrecently.Hersister_(go)toChangchun.She_(leave)thismorning.He_(live)inhishometownsincehelefthere.Thewriter_(finish)severalstory-bookssince1990.,haveheard,havebeen,have,stayed,hasntread,hasgone,left,haslived,hasfinished,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,1.意思上：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,他已学英语五年了。,HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.,他曾学过五年英语。,HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.,（说明他可能还继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,2.结构上：一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的3类常见时间状语：last、ago/yesterday、in+过去时间点/justnow、theotherday等具体的时间状语。现在完成时的4类时间状语：for、since/already、ever、just、never、recently、yet/tillnow、sofar/in/during/pastthepast/lastfewyears等不确定的时间状语。,Exercise,He_(work)inourschoolforoneyear.He_(come)toourschoollastyear/in2002.They_(cook)thesupperalready.They_(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.,hasworked,came,havecooked,cooked,Letstry!Imsureyoucandoitwell!,1.I_(see)the3DfilmAvatar.Itsamazing!I_(see)itonemonthago.,2.-Isyourgrandfatherstillalive?-No,he_already_(die).-When_he_(die)?-He_lastyear(die).,3.I_just_(hear)oftheearthquakeinTangshan.-Theearthquake?-Yes,it_(happen)onMarch6th,threedaysago.,4.Mr.Li_(begin)toworkinthisfactoryin1990.He_(work)inthefactoryfor20years.,5.TheGreens_(live)inChinasincethey_(move)herein2003.,haveseen,saw,hasdied,diddie,died,haveheard,happened,began,hasworked,haslived,moved,Presentperfecttense,现在完成时态2,HespeaksFrenchsofluently.HelearneditinParis.Hewastherefortwoyears.HehasstudiedFrench.(他学过法语。)这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。,Look!Theblackboardissocleannow.Hehascleanedtheblackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。,用法1：表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响。,这种用法常与already、ever、just、never、recently、yet、before等连用.,I_(do)myhomeworkalready.He_(notfinished)hishomeworkyet._youever_(be)toBeijing?We_never_(see)suchanexcitingmatchbefore.Mother_just_(clean)thehouse.Pleasedontcomein.They_(practice)thisdialoguetwice.,havedone,hasnotfinished,Have,been,have,seen,has,cleaned,havepracticed,时间副词和时间短语具体用法:,1.副词already和yet：already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。,Theyhaventfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。,-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。,副词ever和never：多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗?,Hehasjusteatentenapples.他刚吃完十个苹果。,3.用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语。Ihavejustseenher,butIdontknowwheresheisnow.,我刚看见她，但我不知道她现在在哪。,注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.,Ihaventseenthefilmyet.,Ihavedonemyhomeworkalready.,Ihaventdonemyhomeworkyet.,Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.,Motherhasntcleanedthehouseyet.,Ihaveseenthefilmalready.,用法2：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来,Ihavelivedherefortwentyyears.ShehasmovedtoBeijingsinceshewasborn.Theyhavechangedalotovertheseyears.,Lettry!,用since或for填空：1.Ihavebeenatthisschool_morethantwoyears.2.Shehasworkedinthefactory_tenyearsago.3.Mr.Greenhaslivedinthecity_hewasborn.4.Hisfatherhasbeenapartymember_twentyyears.,for,for,since,since,切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：,buyborrowopencloseleavediejoinbegin,-have-keep-beopen-beclosed-beaway-bedead-beamemberof-beon,如:Ihaventseenhimfortwoyears.我两年没有见过他了。,4.表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的时间状语:sofar/tillnow,for+一段时间,since。,MrsLihastaughtinourschoolsincesheleftnormaluniversity.李老师从师范大学毕业以后就在我们学校教书了。,()1.Ihavefinishedmyhomework_.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework_?A.yet,yetB.yet,alreadyC.already,yetD.already,already,单项选择:,()2.IhaventseenKate_4months.A.AlreadyB.sinceC.forD.yet()3.Hehas_seenthefilmHarryPotter.Soheknowsnothingaboutit.A.alreadyB.everC.neverD.yet,()4.Shehasbeenillinbed_twodaysago.A.sinceB.inC.duringD.for()5.Haveyouseenhim_?No,Ihavent.A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.recently,()6.Ihave_watchedawonderfulfilm.Itsreallyinteresting.A.yetB.justC.justnowD.never,()7.Mike_thebookshop.Ihavetowaitforhim.A.wenttoB.wasinC.hasbeentoD.hasgoneto,()8.Oh,MrsKing,yourdresslooksverynice.Isitnew?No,I_itsincetwoyearsago.A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought,()9._you_aticketforthefootballmatch?Notyet.A.Is,boughtB.Are,boughtC.Has,boughtD.Have,bought,()10.Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?_twoyears.A.ForB.Si