The-Autobiographyof-Benjamin-FranklinPPT课件

-,1,TheAutobiographyof,BenjamimFranklin,-,2,TheFirstParagraph,DEARSON:Ihaveeverhadpleasureinobtaininganylittleanecdotesofmyancestors.YoumayremembertheinquiriesImadeamongtheremainsofmyrelationswhenyouwerewithmeinEngland,andthejourneyIundertookforthatpurpose.Imaginingitmaybeequallyagreeabletoyoutoknowthecircumstancesofmylife,manyofwhichyouareyetunacquaintedwith,andexpectingtheenjoymentofaweeksuninterruptedleisureinmypresentcountryretirement,Isitdowntowritethemforyou.,-,3,TowhichIhavebesidessomeotherinducements.HavingemergedfromthepovertyandobscurityinwhichIwasbornandbred,toastateofaffluenceandsomedegreeofreputationintheworld,andhavinggonesofarthroughlifewithaconsiderableshareoffelicity,theconducingmeansImadeuseof,whichwiththeblessingofGodsowellsucceeded,myposteritymayliketoknow,astheymayfindsomeofthemsuitabletotheirownsituations,andthereforefittobeimitated.,-,4,Whoistheaudience?Fromthefirstparagraph,weseethathisson,WilliamFranklinistheaudience.Theopeningofthebookseemstobesetasafamilyhistory.Thefatherwantstotellhislifeandeventheirancestorslifetotheson.,-,5,Dividethebook,Thetotalautobiographyisdividedintothreeparts.1.BenjaminFranklinsearlymemoriesandexperiences.2.designedtoeducatepeopleusingBenjaminFranklinasamodel3.AmericanhistorybeforetheRevolution.PeopleatthesameagewithB.J.,-,6,Explanation,B.FisarepresentativeofEnlightmentinAmerica.Hisbookandstyleareinfluencedbythethemeofthismovement.Education.Notonlyinthefirstparagraph.Sharingexperiencesandthoughts.Improvementofthewell-beingofmorepeople.(Utilitarianism),-,7,HowHeStartedtheTable,B.Fdidlotsofreadingandfoundthatpeopledefinedvirtuesdifferently.Hedecidedtomakehisownvirtueform.Iproposdtomyself,forthesakeofclearness,touserathermorenames,withfewerideasannexdtoeach,thanafewnameswithmoreideas.Heincluded13namesofvirtues.Thesearemoreclarified,andexpressB.Jsmeanings.,-,8,TheTableofVirtues,Thesenamesofvirtues,withtheirprecepts,were:1.节制TEMPERANCE.Eatnottodullness;drinknottoelevation.2.沉默寡言SILENCE.Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself;avoidtriflingconversation.3.生活秩序ORDER.Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces;leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.,-,9,4.决心RESOLUTION.Resolvetoperformwhatyouought;performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.5.简朴FRUGALITY.Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself;i.e.,wastenothing.6.勤勉INDUSTRY.Losenotime;bealwaysemploydinsomethinguseful;cutoffallunnecessaryactions.,-,10,7.诚恳SINCERITY.Usenohurtfuldeceit;thinkinnocentlyandjustly,and,ifyouspeak,speakaccordingly.8.公正JUSTICE.Wrongnonebydoinginjuries,oromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty.9.中庸MODERATION.Avoidextreams;forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.,-,11,10.清洁CLEANLINESS.Toleratenouncleanlinessinbody,cloaths,orhabitation.11.镇静TRANQUILLITY.Benotdisturbedattrifles,orataccidentscommonorunavoidable.12.贞洁CHASTITY.Rarelyusevenerybutforhealthoroffspring,nevertodulness,weakness,ortheinjuryofyourownoranotherspeaceorreputation.(Puritanism:littlerecreation,plaininlife)13.谦虚HUMILITY.ImitateJesusandSocrates苏格拉底.,-,12,Enlightment,QualifiedpioneeroftheAnAgeofReasonB.Fisstrictwithhimself.Healsotriestospreadthesevirtues.Oneshouldntlivewithoutanyrestrictions.B.Fdesignedatabletomakesurehewasbeingbetter,moremoral,morerational.,-,13,-,14,HowtoUsetheTable,Duringoneweek,ifhedidsomethingagainstoneofthespecificvirtue,hewouldmarkablackspotinthecolum.Afteraweek,B.Fcouldseewhathedisobeyedandwhenithappened.Tomakeitmoreeffective,hepaiedgreatattentiontoonlyonevirtue,othersordinary.Itisnotaone-daywork.Hedeterminedtodoso.,-,15,Commenti