英语简单句成分结构

英语句子成分,简单句的五种基本句型,英语简单句的组成部分包括：,主|谓|表|宾|定|状|补,主语表明“什么人”、“什么事”；通常由名词，代词，不定式，动名词来充当。,1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.,谓语表明主语动作，做了什么或者状态；常由实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词充当。,1.Theyworkveryhard.2.Tomfeelsmuchbetternow.3.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.4.Theyareplayingoverthere.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语；系动词：表状态，后往往接形容词，系动词：is|am|are|sound|look|become|seem等,表语跟在连系动词后面的词语,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、从句等均可做表语。,1.Mysisterisanurse.2.Thetreesturngreen.3.Theflowerisbeautiful.4.Toseeistobelieve.,宾语动作行为的对象，是动作的承受者，一般在及物动词和介词后面；通常由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句来充当。,1.WestudyEnglish.2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikesplayingbasketball.5.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.,定语用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语等.,1.Thisisaredcar.2.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.3.Thewomandoctorismywife.4.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.5.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.6.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.,状语说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,if,before等引起的从句。,1.Youarequiteright.2.Theyoftendrawinthepark.3.WecamehereinordertolearnEnglish.4.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.,宾补补充说明宾语。,宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1名词（代词）+不定式2名词（代词）+分词3名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词,名词（代词）+不定式,Johnaskedmetohelphim.Lethimgohome.Isawhercomeoutoftheroom.,名词（代词）+分词现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动,Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstood.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimselfheard.,名词（代词）+名词作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.,TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.,名词（代词）+形容词,Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Wefoundherbusy.Ifoundthestoryinteresting.,简单句的五种基本句型,主+谓（不及物动词）S+Vi型Hecame.Shedances.,主+谓(及物动词)+宾S+Vt+O,Isawher.TheylikewatchingTV.,主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IOindirect),Igaveherabook.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures.,主+系+表(S+V+P),