合作语言教学法ppt课件

CooperativeLanguageLearning,1,Contents,DefinitionofCLLTheoreticalbackgroundofCLLDesignConclusions,2,CooperativeLanguageLearning(CLL)ispartofamoregeneralinstructionalapproachalsoknownasCollaborativeLearning(CL)Cooperativelearningisgrouplearningactivityorganizedsothatlearningisdependentonthesociallystructuredexchangeofinformationbetweenlearnersingroupsandinwhicheachlearnerisheldaccountableforhisorherownlearningandismotivatedtoincreasethelearningofothers.(OlsenandKagan1992:8),Definition,3,CommunicativeapproachIntheESLclassroom,CLLisseenasanextensionofCommunicationLanguageTeachingthattendstobemorelearner-centered.,TheoreticalBackground,4,ConstructivismJohnDewey(1913)isusuallyconsideredtohavefoundedthetheoryofconstructivism;hedisapprovedofapproachesthatsawstudentssimplyasrecipientsoftheteachersknowledgebutfavoredmethodsthatallowedstudentsto“constructtheirownknowledgethroughexperienceandproblemsolving”(Larsen-Freeman&Anderson2011,p.151).,5,Typesoflearningandteachingactivities,Formalcooperativelearninggroups:Theselastfromoneclassperiodtoseveralweeks.Theseareestablishedforaspecifictaskandinvolvestudentsworkingtogethertoachievesharedlearninggoals.Informalcooperativelearninggroups:Thesearead-hocgroupsthatlastfromafewminutestoaclassperiodandareusedtofocusstudentattentionortofacilitatelearningduringdirectteaching.Cooperativebasegroups:Thesearelongterm,lastingforatleastayearandconsistofheterogeneouslearninggroupswithstablemembershipwhoseprimarypurposeistoallowmemberstogiveeachotherthesupport,help,encouragement,andassistancetheyneedtosucceedacademically.,6,OlsenandKagan(1992)proposethefollowingkeyelementsofsuccessfulgroup-basedlearninginCL:PositiveinterdependenceGroupformationIndividualaccountabilitySocialskillsStructuringandstructures,7,Coelho(1992b:132)describesthreemajorkindsofcooperativelearningtasksandtheirlearningfocus,eachofwhichhasmanyvariations.1.Teampracticefromcommoninputskillsdevelopmentandmasteryoffacts2.Jigsaw:differentiatedbutpredeterminedinputevaluationandsynthesisoffactsandopinions.3.Cooperativeprojects:topics/resourcesselectedbystudentsdiscoverylearning,8,Three-stepinterviewRoundtableThink-Pair-ShareSolve-Pair-ShareNumberedHeads,CooperativelearningActivities,9,Learnerroles,Theprimaryroleofthelearnerisasamemberofagroupwhomustworkcollaborativelyontaskswithothergroupmembers.Learnershavetolearnteamworkskills.Learnersarealsodirectorsoftheirownlearning.Theyaretaughttoplan,monitor,andevaluatetheirownlearning,whichisviewedasacompilationoflifelonglearningskills.Thus,learningissomethingthatrequiresstudentsdirectandactiveinvolvementandparticipation.,10,Teacherroles,TheroleoftheteacherinCLLdiffersfromtheroleofteachersintraditionalteacher-centeredlesson.Theteacherhastocreateahighlystructuredandwell-organizedlearningenvironmentintheclassroom,settinggoals,planningandstructuringtasks,establishingthephysicalarrangementoftheclassroom,assigningstudentstogroupsandroles,andselectingmaterialsandtime.,11,Conclusions,AdvantagesCLLemphasizesstudent-centeredteaching.Itmakesclassactive.Itbenefitsstudentsfordevelopingtheircommunicativecompetencethroughsociallystructuredinteractionactivities.,12,DisadvantagesSomequestioneditsusewithlearnersofdiffer