高三英语高考语法 时态易混点课件.ppt

突破时态易混点,高中英语,humourousmoments,thefatherandhissonfather:youknow,tom,whenlincoln_(be)yourage,he_(be)averygoodpupil.infact,he_(be)thebestpupilinhisclass.tom:yes,father.i_(know)that.butwhenhe_(be)yourage,he_(be)presidentoftheunitedstates.,was,was,was,was,was,know,whoisthelaziest?father:well,tom,iaskedyourteachertoday,andnowiwanttoaskyouaquestion.whoisthelaziestpersoninyourclass?tom:idontknow,father.father:oh,yes,youdo!think!whentheotherboysandgirlsarereadingandwriting,whositsinclassandonlywatcheshowtheotherpeoplework?tom:ourteacher,father.,概述：动词形式是英语学习中的难点。动词形式分为谓语动词形式和非谓语动词形式两类。谓语形式有时态、语态、语气和单复数形式，4种形式主要体现在时态形式。动词作谓语时，必须反映动作发生的时间，即动词的时态。动词的时态分为四类：一般时、进行时、完成时、完成进行时。一般时表示动作发生的时间（过去、现在、将来），进行时表示动作在某一时间或时期正在发生，完成时表示动作的结果，完成进行时表示动作的持续。如：,一、对一般现在时的考查1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。1)monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,which_thepacific,andwemetnostorm.（2005年辽宁卷）wascalledb.iscalledc.hadbeencalledd.hasbeencalled,heworks.heworked.hewillwork.hewouldwork.heisworking.hewasworking.hewillbeworking.hewouldbeworking.hehasworked.hehadworked.hewillhaveworked.hewouldhaveworked.hehasbeenworking.hehadbeenworking.hewillhavebeenworking.hewouldhavebeenworking.,动词时态的掌握可以分为两个部分，首先要熟练掌握八种基本时态，即一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时。在熟练掌握这八种基本时态基础上，就能比较容易的掌握另外的几种较为复杂的时态，还可以很容易理解这些时态所表达的意思以及掌握其用法。,2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when,till/until,assoonas,bythetime,after,before,themoment等引导的时间状语从句，在以if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句和以nomatter,however,evenif等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时或将来完成时。1,whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow?wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.（2005年全国卷）a.rainb.rainsc.willraind.israining,2.ivebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe_timeforagametomorrow.a.shallhaveb.havec.willhaved.aregoingtohave3.-canidriveonthefreeway,mrgreen?-youcanwhenyou_abitmoreskilled.a.willgetb.aregettingc.willhavegotd.get,二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,twodaysago,in1999,atthattime等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。iboughtanewcarthreedaysago.morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.（2005年上海卷）a.sentb.weresentc.hadsentd.hadbeensent,theyear2002_remarkablechangesinshanghaislandscape.(see),saw,时间状语,呀，不知道你在这儿！以为你在美国！,oh,ididntknowyouwerehere.ithoughtyouwereinamerica.,一般过去时的用法1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.-look!someonehasspilt（溢出）coffeeonthecarpet.（地毯）-well,it_me.a.isntb.wasntc.hasntbeend.hadntbeen2.-iveboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.-oh,howgoodadad!butshedoesntlikesweetthings._that?a.dontyouknowb.haventyouknownc.didntyouknowd.hadntyouknown3.-wasmaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere?-yes,butshe_soonafterwards.a.hadleftb.leftc.wouldleaved.willleave,一般过去时的用法2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）,1.-hastommyfinishedhisjobyet?-ihavenoideaofit;he_itthismorning.a.wasdoingb.hadbeendoingc.hasdoned.did2.asshe_thenewspaper,granny_asleep.a.read,wasfallingb.wasreading,fellc.wasreading,wasfallingd.read,fell3.allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_.a.hasgrownb.isgrowingc.grewd.hadgrown4.-imsorry,ishouldnthavebeensorudetoyou.-you_yourtemperbutthatsok.a.havelostb.hadlostc.didlosed.werelosing.,三、现在进行时,1、表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况,他现在在做什么？,whatishedoingnow?,2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况,今天，许多曾被污染的河流正变得越来越清澈。,today,manyriversthatwerepollutedaregettingcleanerandcleaner,3、表示按计划将要发生的动作或情况，通常只限于go,come,leave,arrive,fly等少数动词。,我下个月去伦敦,iamgoingtolondonnextmonth.,4.表示反复出现的重复性动作，往往含有赞赏，厌恶，遗憾等情绪，常与always,continually,constantly连用。如heisalwaysthinkingofothersfirst.heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakes.,对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间。1)whatstheterriblenoise？theneighbors_foraparty（2004年北京卷）a.havepreparedb.arepreparingc.prepared.willprepare2)becausetheshop_,allthet-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.（2004年浙江卷34题）hascloseddownb.closeddownc.isclosingdownd.hadcloseddown3)areyoustillbusy?yes,i_mywork,anditwonttakelong.ajustfinishb.amjustfinishingchavejustfinishedd.amjustgoingtofinish,4)sinceiwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.people_toaskhowiamgoingtospendthemoney.phoneb.willphonec.werephoningd.arephoning5)selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.ischangingb.haschangedc.willhavechangedd.willchange,状态类：addup（有意义）,afford,appear（似乎）,belongto,comeabout,comefrom（出生地）,contain,cost,differfrom,equal,feel（摸起来）,fit,happento,have/havegot,hold（容纳）,include,keep+动词-ing,know(认识),look(看起来),mean(意思是),own,possess,prove（证明是）,seem,smell,sound,standfor,taste,etc.结果类：catch（听懂）,find（发现）hear,makeout（弄懂）,notice,observe,see,smell（闻到）,taste（尝到）,etc.情感类：admire,appreciate,astonish,attract,believein,careabout,dare,dislike,doubt,envy,fear,hate,hope,impress,interest,like,love,mean,mind,please,regret,respect,cantstand,trust,value,etc.,另外，请记住下面这些动词：,思维类：agree,appreciate,believe,consider（认为）,disagree,disbelieve,expect,feel,figure（美：捉摸）,find,getit（弄懂）,guess,hear,hearabout,hearof,hope,imagine,know（知道）,realize,recognize,regard,see,seethrough,suppose,tell（辨认）,think（认为）,understand,wonder,etc.以上这些动词一般不用于现在进行时。,四、对过去进行时的考查iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain.,whenitbegantorain,iwaswalking,now,1.把过去进行时放在when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。youwereoutwhenidroppedinatyourhouse.oh,i_forafriendfromenglandattheairport.（2004年福建卷）a.waswaitingb.hadwaitedc.amwaitingd.havewaited,1.mybrother_(fall)whilehe_(ride)hisbicycleandhurthimself2.tom_(slip)intothehousewhennoone_(look).3.ashe_(read)thenewspaper,granny_(fall)asleep.4.thereportersaidthattheufo_(travel)easttowestwhenhe_(see)it.,fell,wasriding,slipped,waslooking,wasreading,fell,wastraveling,saw,注意：过去进行时还可表示说话的刚刚所发生的动作。如-hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-oh,imterriblysorry.iwasntnoticing.。,2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday?ihavenoidea.he_itthismorning.（2004年全国卷）a.didb.hasdonec.wasdoingd.haddone3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。shirley_abookaboutchinalastyearbutidontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.(98）a.haswrittenb.wrotec.hadwrittend.waswriting,五、对现在完成时的考查1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since等短语连用。,i_(graduate)in1999andinthatyeari_(begin)toteachjuniorenglishinamiddleschool.i_(teach)thereforsixyears.sixyearslater,i_(move)here.i_(teach)seniorenglishinno.2middleschoolformorethan4yearseversincethen.,graduated,began,taught,moved,havetaught/havebeenteaching,1)hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_thattheywontsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.(2005湖北)weredecidingb.havedecidedc.decidedd.willdecide2)millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofenglandlastnight.（2005重庆）hasbeencausedb.hadbeencausedc.willbecausedd.willhavebeencaused,3)thewindowisdirty.iknow.it_forweeks.（2004全国卷）hasntcleanedb.didntcleanc.wasntcleanedd.hasntbeencleaned注：由终止性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。eg.ihaventmethimfortwoyears.,3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。where_therecorder?icantseeitanywhere.（98nmet）i_itrighthere.butnowitsgone.a.didyouput;haveputb.haveyouput;putc.hadyouput;wasputtingd.wereyouputting;put,thecctvhasbeenbroadcastingenglishprogramseversince1977.,六、对现在完成进行时的考查构成:have/hasbeen+doing概念:表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时ihavewrittenanarticle.ihavebeenwritinganarticle.2.有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。ihavelivedherefortenyears.=ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry,getup,come,go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。,强调：已完成性,强调：持续性，未完成性,1)nowthatsheisoutofajob,lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.（2004年北京卷）hadconsideredb.hasbeenconsideringc.consideredd.isgoingtoconsider2)-hi,tracy,youlooktired.“-iamtired.i_thelivingroomallday.a.paintedb.hadpaintedc.havebeenpaintingd.havepainted,七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。eg.whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.whatapity!,1.georgeandlucygotmarriedlastweek.didyougototheirwedding?no,i_.didtheyhaveabigwedding?（2004年湖北卷）a.wasnotinvitedb.havenotbeeninvitedc.hadntbeeninvitedd.didntinvite,2.johnandi_friendsforeightyears.wefirstgottoknoweachotheratachristmasparty.butwe_eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.(02北京春)a.hadbeen;haveseenb.havebeen;haveseenc.hadbeen;hadseend.havebeen;hadseen;,3.我原打算来的，但太忙了。（mean）,ihadmeanttocome,butiwastoobusy.,hadmeant/planned/intendedtodo,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。,常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。1)whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountain.（2005年湖北卷）a.started;hadalreadyhiddenb.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenc.hadstarted;washidingd.wasstarting;hid,把过去完成时放在by+过去时间点或bythetime+从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inbeijing.（2003年上海春）a.wouldbecompletedb.wasbeingcompletedc.hasbeencompletedd.hadbeencompleted,1.-doyouworkhere?-no,idontreallyworkhere.i_untilthenewsecretarycomes.justhelpoutb.havejusthelpedoutc.amjusthelpingoutd.willjusthelpout,举一反三破定势,造成思维定式的干扰因素：,comes,从现主将,误选,just,初中老师说：完成时标志,误选b,题眼：,idontreallyworkhere,暂时性工作,正确选项c,just的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句,2.i_inlondonformanyyears，butiveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktochina.(重庆卷).livedb.waslivingc.havelivedd.hadlived,造成思维定势的干扰因素：,formanyyears,初中老师说：完成时标志,误选c/d,解题关键：,formanyyears与现在无联系,一般过去时,a,一句辨析：,1999,now2009,2005,4years,6years,1year,ibegantoteachenglishin1999.by2005,i_(teach)englishfor6years./i_(teach)englishinthecountryfor6years.then,imovedhereandsince2005,i_(teach)here.thatistosay,i_(teach)englishherefor4years.nowihavegotaplan-i_(stay)intheusafor1year,brushingupmyenglish.(ajoke),mikewaswalkinginthestreetwhenhemettom.m:-it_2monthssinceilastsawyou.(be)t:-ihavejustreturnedfromabroad.m:-isitthefirsttimeyou_abroad?(be)t:-yes.andhardly_i_therewheniwasstruckbyitsbeauty.(arrive)m:-howdoyoufindyourtrip?t:-verygood.totellthetruth,itsthemostunforgettabletripi_.(everhave)m:imgladtohearthat.bytheway,iamleavingforameetingnow.it_(be)20minutesbeforeit_.(start),is/hasbeen,havebeen,haveeverhad,三、时态的特殊句式,hada