2020年高考英语复习_非谓语动词+基础

高考英语复习 非谓语动词不作谓语的动词 = 非谓语【零】非谓语动词的前世今生一、句子的进化：两个简单句并列句从句非谓语动词“的” = 定语The Town Hall was the most distinguished building at that time.The Town Hall was completed in the 1800s.找、替、提、移The Town Hall (which/that was completed in the 1800s) was the most distinguished building at that time.定 语从 句 中， 如果 关 系代 词与 am/is/are/was/were 相 连， 则 可 以 将 关系 代词 与am/is/are/was/were 一同去掉。The Town Hall (completed in the 1800s) was the most distinguished building at that time.玩法规则 两个句子（并列句、从句或两个简单句）主语相同，其中一个句子去掉（连词和）主语后将 其谓语变成非谓语动词。 两个句子中能被翻译成“由于”，“随着”，“当时”的句子通常变为非谓语动词。as, because, when 变法如下： 一般现在时主动、一般过去时主动、现在进行时主动、过去进行时主动 -ing一般现在时被动、一般过去时被动、现在进行时被动、过去进行时被动 -ed（过去分词 done） break / broke / broken第一组The next thing he saw was smoke.- 4 -The smoke rose behind the house. rise / rose / risenThe next thing he saw was smoke and the smoke rose behind the house.The next thing he saw was smoke (which/that rose behind the house). The next thing he saw was smoke rising behind the house.第二组The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket. The blanket covered the desert.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket (which/that covered the desert). The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering the desert.第三组Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title (which/that was given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection).Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.第四组There is a great deal of evidence (which/that indicates that music activities engage different parts of the brain).There is a great deal of evidence indicating that music activities engage different parts of the brain.二、小试牛刀1. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _calling_ (call) him.2. Dont respond to any e-mails _requesting_ (request) personal information, no matter how official they look.3. So far nobody has claimed the money _discovered_ (discover) in the library.4. Peter received a letter just now _saying_ (say) his grandma would come to see him soon.5. Im calling to enquire about the position _advertised_ (advertise) in yesterdays China Daily.6. Things _lost_ (lose) never come again! I couldnt help talking to myself.7. Look over theretheres a very long, winding path _leading_ (lead) the house.8. With the governments aid, those _affected_ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.【壹】作定语一、由限制性定语从句转化而来1. It is one of the funniest things _found_ (find) on the Internet so far this year.2. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _taken_ (take)?3. We finished the run in less than half the time _allowed_ (allow).4. On receiving a phone call from his wife _saying_ (say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.5. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _spent_ (spend).6. The government plans to bring in new laws _forcing_ (force) parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.二、由非限制性定语从句转化而来1. The club, _founded_ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.find 找到（过去式、过去分词 found）found 建立，成立（过去式、过去分词 founded）2. Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _looking_ (look) newly cleaned and polished.3. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _killing_ (kill) all four people on board.4. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _enabling_ (enable) the students to return to their classrooms.en-/-en：vt. 使（make）ensure = make sureenrich sb. = make sb. rich enable sth. = make sth. able逗号之后不用“to do”（插入语除外）5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _letting_ (let) in the natural light during the day.let in 允许进入6. The news shocked the public, _leading_ (lead) to great concern about students safety at school.7. It rained heavily in the south, _causing_ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces. It rained heavily in the south, which caused serious flooding in several provinces.8. More highways have been built in China, _making_ (make) it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.三、to doto be done（主动还是被动？）玩法规则一般将来时主动（will domust do） to do过去将来时主动（would do） to do一般将来时被动（will be donemust be done） to be done过去将来时被动（would be done） to be done第一组I have a lot of readings _to complete_ (complete) before the end of this term.I have a lot of readings.I will complete the readings before the end of this term. Sorry, I cant attend your party, for I have a lot of tasks to do.Could you do me a favor? I need someone to help me, for I have a lot of tasks to be done. Could you do me a favor? I need someone to help me, for there is a lot of tasks to be done.如果句中的主语就是主动做这个事的人，则用 to do如果句中的主语不是主动做这个事的人，则用 to be done第二组His first book _to be published_ (publish) next month is based on a true story. His first book is based on a true story.His first book will be published next month.小试牛刀1. If there is a lot of work _to do_ (do), Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.2. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _to buy_ (buy)?3. The play _to be produced_ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.4. We are invited to a party _to be held_ (hold) in our club next Friday.四、名词前有“极端修饰”时，用不定式作定语【贰】作状语一、由状语从句或并列句转化而来- 5 -bed.1. _Seeing_ (see) that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her2. _Standing_ (stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.3. The disc, digitally _recorded_ (record) in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party thatnight.4. _Throwing_ (throw) their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.5. _Looking_ (look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. When I looked at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. Looking at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.6. _Gathering_ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.7. _Encouraged_ (encourage) by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.8. Not _realizing_ (realize) that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.9. _Attracted_ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.10. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _keeping_ (keep) on your feet.11. He had a wonderful childhood, _travelling_ (travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.12. _Seen_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.13. The lady walked around the shops, _keeping_ (keep) an eye out for bargains.二、由状语从句转化而来，但引导词未被省略1. When looking at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.2. When _offered_ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”3. When _comparing_ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.4. Though _lacking_ (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.5. Though _surprised_ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. Though the professor was surprised to see us, the 6. Every evening after dinner, if not _tired_ (tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.7. We all know that, if not carefully _dealt_ (deal) with, the situation will get worse.8. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _watered_ (water) every day.9. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _questioned_ (question) at the meeting by my boss.10. _Compared_ (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.11. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _carried_ (carry) out regularly, can improve our health.12. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _trying_ (try) to balance it.13. Ideally _located_ (locate) for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests.14. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _sending_ (send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.15. You cant catch me! Janet shouted, _running_ (run) away.16. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _taking_ (take)- 6 -advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.17. He glanced over at her, _noting_ (note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.18. Tony lent me the money, _hoping_ (hope) that Id do as much for him.19. Do you wake up every morning _feeling_ (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?20. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _moving_ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do.21. _Reminded_ (remind) not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.22. The lawyer listened with full attention, _trying_ (try) not to miss any point.23. _Translated_ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.24. _Dressed_ (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.25. _Faced_ (face) with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. facing sth. = faced with sth.26. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _saying_ (say) nothing about the argument.三、to do 作目的状语- 7 -day.1. _To complete_ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a2. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _to be cheered_(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.3. _To complete_ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.4. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _to be heard_ (hear).5. Did the book give the information you needed?Yes. But _to find_ (find) it, I had to read the entire book.6. _To ensure_ (ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.7. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _to be trained_ (train) for a space flight.8. _To make_ (make) this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.9. The children all turned _to look_ (look) at the famous actress as she entered the classroom.10. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _to be discovered_ (discover).11. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _to raise_ (raise)peoples concern over food safety.12. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _to be used_ (use).13. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _to have_ (have) a look at the sports stars.14. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _to buy_ (buy) presents for my dad.in order to do 为了，以便 = so as to do 以便15. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as _to be received_ (receive) in time for Christmas.四、(only) to do（意外结果，基本没好事儿）- 10 -out.1. He hurried to the station only _to find_ (find) that the train had left.2. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _to find_ (find) his plane high up in the sky.3. He was busy writing a story, only _to stop_ (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _to be told_ (tell) the film stars had left.5. He hurried to the booking office only _to be told_ (tell) that all the tickets has been sold6. George returned after the war, only _to be told_ (tell) that his wife had left him.五、形容词后用 to do（喜怒哀乐、难易程度、好坏）先说形容词，吊足人们的胃口，之后再进一步解释说明1. We were astonished _to find_ (find) the temple still in its original condition.2. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _to breathe_(breathe).3. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _to be broken_(break)into small pieces.4. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _to remain_ (remain) silent.六、having done 与