高考英语复习 冠词 名词

高考英语复习 冠词、名词一、2019年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。3.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。4【2019新课标I卷短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。5.【2019新课标II卷短文改错】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. 【答案】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）. Then, when I was in the （3） grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4） much.【解析】（1） 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太以至于不能”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。6.【2019浙江卷语法填空】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018天津】6. The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。2.【2018江苏】32. Trytounderstandwhatsactually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A. assignment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。3. 【2018新课标卷I语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。4. 【2018新课标卷I短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。【解析】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。5. 【2018新课标卷II语法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。6. 【2018新课标卷III语法填空】Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。7. 【2018新课标卷III语法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist 【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。8. 【2018浙江卷语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。8. 【2018浙江卷语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。三、2017年高考真题1. 【2017新课标卷I语法填空】As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示结果。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。2. 【2017新课标卷II 语法填空】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。2. 【2017新课标卷II 语法填空】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64top.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top前加the。 2016年高考真题1.【2016浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your _.A. condition B. income C. credit D. status【答案】C考点：考查名词辨析。【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们一定要平时注意积累。由做题经验可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的名词词义辨析词有: custom风俗习惯；habit个人习惯；tradition传统；scene场景；scenery自然风景（总称）；view特定位置的景观；sight人文或历史景观；skill技能；ability能力；talent才华；strength优势，长处 等等。这题中的credit属于一词多义，有时也会考查熟词生义。学科&网2.【2016天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。考点：考查名词辨析。【名师点睛】词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语