argumentation1

,StructureofanArgumentativeWritingSamplereading“CatsoverDogs”,ThesisStatementItcontainsthecentralideaoftheessay.Itshouldbedeclarativestatementandassertanopinioninsteadofafact.,Ithastwofunctions:tellingreadersanessaystopic,presentingthewritersattitude,opinion,ideaorpointaboutthetopic;bringsthelogicoftheintroductiontoacloseandprovidesanaturaltransitiontothebody.,Why?1.Decideyourtopic2.Whatisyourthesisstatement?,OutlineAnoutlineisasummaryinwhichanessayisanalyzedinheadingsandsubheadings.Anoutlinecanhelpyouseeiftheessayiswell-organizedandiftheparagraphsdeveloparoundthethesisstatement.Hereiswhataformaloutlinelookslike:,Introduction-thesisstatementinacompletesentenceBodyI.Thetopicsentenceofthe1stbodyparagraph.A.supportingdetailsB.supportingdetailsII.Thetopicsentenceofthe2ndbodyparagraph.A.supportingdetailsB.supportingdetailsIII.Thetopicsentenceofthe3rdbodyparagraph.A.supportingdetailsB.supportingdetailsConclusion-thesisrestatementinacompletesentence,Twomajortypesofoutline:topicoutlinesentenceoutline,Atopicoutlineconsistsofnouns,gerundphrases,orinfinitivephrases,whereas,asentenceoutlineconsistsofcompletesentences.Atopicoutlineisbriefandgivesaninstantoverviewoftheentireessay,whileasentenceoutlineprovidesamoredetailedplanoftheessay.,ATopicOutlineTitle:Theadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobThesis:Therearemanyadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobforcollegestudents.Outline:I.IntroductiontothethesisII.Theadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobA.beingeconomicallyindependentB.havingmoresocialexperienceC.beinghelpfultoacademicstudiesIII.Conclusion:beingbeneficialtocollegestudents,ASentenceOutlineI.Introduction:Therearemanyadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobforcollegestudents.II.Theadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobA.CollegestudentscanbeeconomicallyindependentB.CollegestudentscangainmoresocialexperienceC.CollegestudentscanimproveacademicstudiesIII.Conclusion:beingbeneficialtocollegestudents,CatsoverDogsAftertheNorthridgeearthquakeinLosAngelesafewyearsago,Idiscoveredsomethinginterestingaboutmypets.Mycatstookcareofthemselvesbyhidinginplaceswherethingscouldnotfallonthem,andtheyatewhateverfoodtheycouldfind.Ontheotherhand,mydogwascryingandneededtobetakencareof.Hestillneededmetofeedhimandtakehimforawalk.Frommyexperience,Isawthatindoorcatsmakebetterpetsthanindoordogsbecausecatsdonotneedtobeexercised,theycleanthemselves,andtheyarebornpotty-trained.,Indoorcatsdonotneedapersontoexercisethembutdogsdo.Dogsneedtobewalkedeverydaysothattheycanbehealthyandcalmer.Catsdonotdependonapersonforexercisebecausecatsexerciseontheirown.Althoughbothpetsneedtheirexercise,catsmanageontheirown.Therefore,catsneedlessattentionthandogs.Indoorcatsareeasiertokeepcleanthandogs.Forinstance,whendogsaretakenforawalk,theyusuallydonotcomebackascleanaswhentheyleft.Dogswillgetdirtybywalkingthroughmudpuddlesandrollingaroundonpeopleslawns.Catsdonotneedtobetakenonwalks,sotheyarenotasdirtyasdogs.Whendogsgetdirty,theyneedtobegivenabath,andwhencatsgetdirty,theycleanthemselves.Therefore,catshaveabettersenseofhygienethandogsdo.,Finally,catsareeasiertopotty-trainthandogs.Dogsareunpredictableaboutwhentheyneedtogotothebathroom,sotheyneedtobetakenoutsideonaregularbasis.Catsdonothavethisproblembecausetheyarebornpotty-trained.Allyouhavetodoisplacekittensintoalitterbox,andwhentimecomes,theywillcontinuetousethelitterboxvirtuallywithouthelp.Catsaresimplymoreindependentthandogs.Indoorcatsmakebetterpetsthanindoordogsbecausecatsdontneedtobeexercised,theycleanthemselves,andtheyrebornpotty-trained.Thinkaboutthesethingsthenexttimeyoureconsideringowningapet.Unlessyoudonthaveenoughtodoinyourlifealready,acatshouldbeyourchoice.,Title:CatsoverDogsThesis:Indoorcatsmakebetterpetsthanindoordogsbecausecatsdonotneedtobeexercised,theycleanthemselves,andtheyarebornpotty-trained.Outline:I.Introduction:Indoorcatsmakebetterpetsthanindoordogs.II.ThereasonswhyIndoorcatsmakebetterpetsthanindoordogs.A.Indoorcatsdonotneedapersontoexercisethembutdogsdo.B.Indoorcatsareeasiertokeepcleanthandogs.C.Finally,catsareeasiertopotty-trainthandogsIII.Conclusion:Indoorcatsexcelindoordogsandmakebetterpets.,1.Introduction2.Body3.Conclusion,1.Introduction1.1Hook1.2Thesisstatement,1.1Hook,Generallyspeaking,theintroductionofanessaydoesnotgostraighttothethesis.Instead,itgivesrisetoaninterestinghook,i.e.lead-in.Thefunctionistogivethereadersavividimpressionandleadthemintothethesis.,1.2Thesisstatement,bringsthelogicoftheintroductiontoacloseandprovidesanaturaltransitiontothebody,Eachparagraphiscomposedofseveralbasicelements,namely,2.Body2.1Topicsentence2.2Support2.3Wrap-up(optional),2.2Support,Thefunctionistosupportthetopicsentenceswithexplanationsorexamples,Notallbodyparagraphcontainawrap-up.However,iftheparagraphislongandincludesanumberofideas,itisadvisabletousewrap-up.,3.Conclusion3.1Thesisrestatement3.2So-what,Thefunctionofso-whatistoconcludethewholeessaybygivingfurthercomments,illustratingsignificanceorimplicationsorputtingforwardsuggestions.,I.IntroductionHookThesisstatementII.BodyBodypara.1TopicsentenceSupportWrap-up(optional)Bodypara.2TopicsentenceSupportWrap-up(optional)Bodypara.3TopicsentenceSupportWrap-up(optional)III.ConclusionThesisrestatementSo-what,2011年专四作文真题：Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution?（私家车是否应该交污染税）关于环境Direction：Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution?Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,2）写作步骤第一段：引言句开头，引出要评论的事物，并表明自己态度第二段：分论点，加以理由支撑说明第三段：总结观点,Outline,Introduction:23Background+ThesisstatementBody:8SupportingIdea1+Examples/ExplanationSupportingIdea2+Examples/Explanation(SupportingIdea3+Examples/Explanation)Conclusion:12,Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution?Withthedevelopmentofsociety,manypeoplecanaffordacar.Asthenumberofthecarsisrising,wearefacingsomeproblems.Onebigproblemisthepollutioncausedbytheuseofcars.Inordertosolvethisproblem,governmentagenciesinsomebigcitiesrecentlysuggestthata“pollutiontax”shouldbeputonprivatecarsinordertocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducepollutioninthecity.Formypart,Iagreetothisviewpoint,andmyreasonsareasfollows:Tobeginwith,carscontributetotheenvironmentalpollution.Forexample,alotofbigcitiesinChinaarenowplaguedbyseriousairpollution.Thenitistheresponsibilityoftheseprivatecarownerstopayforthep