篇章翻译汉译英

Translationatdiscourselevel,篇章翻译Translationatdiscourselevel,1,篇章的翻译,篇章翻译不同于单句翻译通读并理解全文，并对文章的内容和风格有一个完整的和全面的认识，保证译文行文连贯句型多样化避免重复主语段落的连贯性翻译中的节奏,2,句型多样化,英语注重句型变化长短句结合简单句和复杂句结合主动、被动句式间杂陈述、强调、倒装交替,3,工人们开了一个活跃的讨论会，他们讨论得很热烈。几乎没有听到不同的意见，最后大家都同意了这个计划。Therewasalivelydebateamongtheworkers.Therewasenthusiasmfortheidea.Therewashardlyadissentingvoice.Therewasfullagreementonthesubjectintheend.Afteralivelydebateonthesubject,alltheworkerscametoagreementwithoutevenadissentingvoiceatlast.,4,避免重复主语,如果一段文字中连续使用某一主语翻译时应尽量减少它的使用频率而变换另外的说法,5,下午，我到图书馆，借出一本书。然后，回家吃饭。吃饭后，我把书打开，我十分烦恼，原来这本书不是我要借的书。我就是这号人：拿出一本书不看就走。我不能怪别人，只能怪自己。,6,逐字逐句翻译版,Iwenttothelibraryintheafternoon.Itookoutabook.ThenIputthebookundermyarm.Iwenthometoeatsupper.Iopenedthebookaftersupper.ThenIdiscoveredthatitwasnotthebookIwanted.Iwasgreatlyannoyed.Iwassuchakindofman:IalwaystakeabookwhileIdonotlookatit.Ihadnobodytoblamebutmyself.,语篇意识翻译版,Intheafternoon,afterborrowingabookfromthelibrary,Iwentbackhomeforsupper.WhatdepressedmewasthatIdidntfindthatitwasthewrongbookuntilaftersupper.ThatiswhatIamlike:Itakeabookandrunawaywithoutevenaglanceonit.Thereisnobodyelsetoblamebutmyself.,如果静思太久，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你轻松让你充实。在静静的空间里读一本好书，如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。平日，因工作太忙，或交际太繁，你难得与古今中外的智者交谈。而今，你却可以凝神倾听他们的教诲了。在静心的阅读中，你的学识逐渐得到增长。你也可以依随自己的爱好，去干任何一件感兴趣的事。静静地听一段音乐，专注地画几笔画，认真摆一盘残局，甚至翻翻往日影集，想念一番遥远的朋友。这些，无一不是人生的快乐。,9,Whenlonelinesscomesoveryouasaresultoftoomuchthinking,afavoritebookwilleaseyourmindandbroadenyourhorizon.Readingagoodbookislikehavingafiresidechatwithaclosefriend.Atothertimesyoumaybesooccupiedwithworkorsocialintercourseastohavenotimeforbooks.Nowyoucanpeacefullylistentowisemenofalltimes,enrichingyourselfwiththeirideasandenlargingyourstockofknowledge.Oryoucandootherthingstosuityourtaste:enjoyapieceofmusic,attentivelydrawapictureorarrangeforanear-endgameofChinesechess.Ifyouareinthemood,youmayaswellopenanalbumandletthephotosbringbackmemoriesofthosefaraway.Isntanyoneofthesearealpleasureinlife?,10,段落的连贯性,汉语：“意合”，省略连接词，不同意思通过不同的短句表达出来英语：“形合”，借助词形变化表示各种语法关系，逻辑性强，外形完整,虚词（如连接词、介词）把汉语句子内含的逻辑关系用英语的连接词表达出来从句以及独立主格把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的简单句、复合句或复杂句非谓语动词（表目的、原因、伴随的动词译为不定式、分词、名词、介词等）把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次，编排成英语的习惯表达,11,9月10日是教师节。教师在人们的心目中究竟是什么样子呢？清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了76位路人。采访发现，83%的人认为老师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民族文化素质的决定因素，值得尊敬。,12,Sept.10isTeachersDay.Whatistheimageofteachersinpeoplesheart?LittlereportersfromthemiddleschoolattachedtoQinghuaUniversitywalkedoutoftheirschoolgateandinterviewed76passersby.Theinterviewshowsthat83%peoplethinkthatteachersshouldertheimportanttaskofeducatingthenextgeneration,theyarethedecisivefactorofimprovingthewholepeoplesculturallevel,andtheyareworthyofbeingrespected.,13,Whatstheteachersimage?OnTeachersDay,Sept.10,agroupofteenagereportersfromthemiddleschoolattachedtoQinghuaUniversitytookapollonthestreetonseventysixpassersby.Eightysixofthosesurveyedsaidthatteachersshouldbeheldinhighesteembecausetheyarecommittedtotheshapingoftheyoungergeneration,anundertakingcrucialtoachievingahigherlevelofeducationinChina.,14,1953年，英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹，并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时，新中国的领导人深感忧虑，立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。,15,In1953,AmericaandEnglandplannedtouseatomicbombsagainstChineseaidingtroopsinKoreaandtoattackChinawithnuclearweapons.WhenthenewswastransferredtoBeijingfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountry,theleadersofnewChinafeltdeeplyworriedandimmediatelydecidedtosetupanddevelopatomicbombandmissilecause.,16,In1953,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountrythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattacktheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons,theleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedthatChinamusthaveitsownatomicbombsandmissiles.,17,翻译中的节奏,我试着往前凑，它跳一跳，可是又停住，看着我，小黑豆眼带出要亲近我又不完全信任的神气。Iwasgingerlyedgingalongtowardthebirdwhenitflutteredawayalittleandstoppedagain,staringbackwithitssmall,black,bean-likeeyesthathadalookofdistrustwhileseekingtobefriendswithme.,18,曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，象亭亭的舞女的裙。Alloverthiswindingstretchwater,whatmeetstheeyeisasilkenfieldofleaves,reachingratherhighabovethesurface,liketheskirtsofdancinggirlsinalltheirgrace.,19,Practice,在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。（TEM8，1996）,20,InParis,cocktailpartiesandbuffetdinnersinhonorofthisorthatprovideanexcellentopportunitytomakealotoffriends.Whenstrangersmeetonsuchoccasions,anAsiantendstopresenthisnamecardrespectfullywithbothhandsbeforetheconversation,whichseemstoberequiredbyetiquette.However,theFrenchusuallyarenotsoreadywithsuchaformalitythattheywillexcusethemselvesafterexchangesofafewwordsofgreetingsorevenafteraramblingchatabouteverythingunderthesun.Theywilloffercardsonlywhentheyfindeachotheragreeableandhopetofurthertherelationship.Anditseemssomewhatunnaturalforthemtodosobeforegettingintoconversation.,21,在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。（TEM8，2004）,22,Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.Humanbeingsareinterestinginthattheytendtofirstseegoodinanewacquaintance.Thisislikedininginarestaurant.Youwillbenotonlyfavorablyimpressedwiththefirstdishorcolddishes,butalsoprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwocourses.However,themoreyouhave,themoresoberyoubecomeuntilthedinnerendsupwithalltheflawsexposed.Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraiseswouldtocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead.,23,Whataccount