大学英语(book3)activereading

Embarkation,Navigation,Resources,Mapping,Destination,UnderstandingchronologicalorderDevelopingtheskillofpointingoutdistinctionsinmeaningamongdifferentusesofonewordeg“name”Developingtheskillofexpressingquantityindifferentways,RomeoandJuliebyShakespeare,Whatdoesyournamemean?,Famousbyasinglename,Originsforthesesurnames,MiddlenamesofUSpresidents,RomeoandJuliebyShakespeare,Workinpairsanddiscussthequotation.Decidewhetheryouagreeornot.Thenworkingroupsandfindoutaboutothersanswers.,Whatsinaname?Thatwhichwecallarosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.,click,RomeoandJuliebyShakespeare,Montagu,JulietCapulet,RomeoBaker,Capulet,RomeoMontagu,Hate,Love,Love,Whatdoesyournamemean?,Workinpairs.Askandanswerquestionslikeinaninterview.Thenswitchrolestoactouttheconversation.Forexample:,click,1Whatdoesyournamemean?2Doyouknowanystoriesassociatedwithit?3Whydidyourparentsgiveyouthatname?4Doyoulikeit?,Whatdoesyournamemean?,A:Canyoutellmewhatyournamemeans?B:Ofcourse.MynameisWangFeiyan.Feiyancanbetranslatedas“aflyingswallow”.A:Ok,thendoyouknowanystoriesassociatedwithit?B:Yes,Iknowitisaveryoldnamewhichsoundsratherheroic.A:Doyoumindtellingmewhyyourparentsgaveyouthatname?B:Ithinkmymotherfounditinanovelandlikedit.A:AndIhopeyoudontmindasking,butdoyoulikeit?B:Well,Idontoftenthinkaboutit,but,yes,itgivesaniceimpressionofanadventurousperson.,Famousbyasinglename,Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.Whatisthedifferencebetweenagivennameandasurname?Howmanyfamouspeoplewhoareknownbyasinglenamecanyouthinkof?,click,click,Back,Famousbyasinglename,Whatisthedifferencebetweenagivennameandasurname?,Givennamedistinguishamongindividuals,Surnamebelongtoafamilygroup,Famousbyasinglename,Howmanyfamouspeoplewhoareknownbyasinglenamecanyouthinkof?,More,Yao,Sade,Iman,Famousbyasinglename,More,Shaq,Ronaldo,Eminem,Back,Famousbyasinglename,Sting,Cher,Madonna,Originsforthesesurnames,Workinfivegroupsanddiscusswhichisthemostcommon.,SmithWalkerLeeTurnerSimpsonTaylorWhiteHillCarterFoxWilsonGreenMooreMillerJohnsonCooperScottBakerButcherCarpenterGoodBrownLongYorkLondonHampshireHansonHansdotterPeterson,More,Smith,Originsforthesesurnames,Classifythesesurnamesintofourgroups.,professionsortypesofworkadjectivesprobablyofappearancenamesofplacesindicationsofwhothefatheris,Group1Group2Group3Group4Group5,click,Explanation,More,Back,Originsforthesesurnames,Group1ButcherCarpenterGoodYorkHansonLondon,1,1,2,3,4,3,Back,Originsforthesesurnames,Group2BakerSmithBrownHampshireGreenHansdotter,1,1,2,3,3,4,Back,Originsforthesesurnames,Group3TaylorWalkerLongLeeHillPeterson,1,1,2,3,3,4,Back,Originsforthesesurnames,Group4CooperTurnerWhiteWilsonScottMoore,1,1,2,4,3,3,Back,Originsforthesesurnames,Group5JohnsonMooreCarterMillerSimpsonFox,4,2,1,1,4,2,Originsforthesesurnames,Smithblacksmith,metalworkerTaylorclothesmakerWilsonsonofWill(iam)JohnsonsonofJohn,themostcommonoldnameWalkersomeonewhowalkedonclothaspartofthedyingprocessWhitecolourofskinorhairGreenlivednearanopenareaCoopermadebarrels,More,Originsforthesesurnames,Leelivednearameadow(lea/lee)HilllivedonahillMoorelivednearmarshyland,oranuplandamoor,ordarkskinnedScottcamefromScotlandTurneratypeofwoodworkerCartermovedgoodsinacartMillermadeflourfromwheatBakermadebreadSimpsonsonofSim(on)Foxredhaired,orcunning,Back,Originsforthesesurnames,Inventsomenewwordsforthemodernworld.Forexample:HarryTechRoseWaitressPeterDeejay,MiddlenamesofUSpresidents,Listentothepassageandcompletethesentences.,BarackObamaonce_hegothismiddlenameHussein-fromsomeonewho_didntthinkhedever_president.Still,helluseitwhenhesswornin,because,hesays,itstradition.Well,notexactly.Manypresidents,likeGeorgeWashington,hadnomiddlename.Andsomewhodiddidntuseit.RonaldWilsonReagantookthe_simplyasRonaldReagan.RichardMilhousNixonusedhismiddlenameathisfirstinauguration,butdroppeditathis_.,joked,More,obviously,runfor,oath,second,MiddlenamesofUSpresidents,Listentothepassageandcompletethesentences.,JamesEarlCarterwasJimmy.ButitwasWilliamJeffersonClinton,notBill.GeraldRudolphFordusedhismiddle_.AndStephenGroverCleveland,ThomasWoodrowWilsonandJohnCalvinCoolidge_theirfirstnames.Somedidntusetheirnamesatall,simplysayingIsolemnly_,orjustansweringIdoafterthechief_readtheoath.Andtherecordforthemostnames?GeorgeHerbertWalkerBush.,initial,Back,dropped,swear,justice,Textorganisation,Textexploration,Textevaluation,Understandingthetext,Interpreting,Debating,Criticalthinking,Textorganisation,Workingroupstocompletetheflowchart.Trytousethewordsandphrasesfromthetext.,Differentareasoftheworldadoptedsurnames_,about_theChinese,teamwork,atdifferentperiodsintime,2800BC,_theRomans,300BC,_throughoutEurope,the10thor11thcentury,More,Sourcesofsurnames,personalormoralqualities,geographicdescriptions(eg.aplaceoforigin),someonesrelationshipwithanother,atradeoroccupation,ahistoricevent,suchasinvasionbyaforeignpower,Understandingthetext,Workinpairsandmatchpartsofsentencesaccordingtothetext.,Therearearound45,000differentsurnamesin_.,_introducedsurnamestohonourtheirparents.,Surnamesbegantobeusedin_from300BC.,_wasamongthefirsttousehereditarysurnames.,AftertheNormaninvasionofBritain,IntheMiddleAges,Europe,Ireland,TheChinese,surnamesbecamenecessaryasthepopulationbegantogrow.,England.,surnamesmadeiteasiertotaxpeople.,More,Understandingthetext,Workinpairsandcheck()thetruestatements.,1.Hereditarysurnameswasthemostcommontypeofsurname.,2.Thechangeofofficiallanguagewouldresultinthechangeofnamesasnamesaretranslatedintodifferentlanguages.,3.Inmanylanguages,hereditarysurnamesreflectedthefathersname.,4.ManyWesterngivennamesarelikelytobefemaleiftheyendinavowel.,Interpreting,Workinfourgroupsanddiscusstheoriginofthefamouspeoplessurnames.Yourtasksare:Group1Group2Group3Group4,More,Interpreting,Back,PaulMcCartney,oneoftheBeatlessonofCartney,RichardBranson,thefounderandCEOofthemega-corporationknownastheVirginGroupsonofBrando,Interpreting,Back,MargaretThatcher,theformerUKPrimeMinisteraprofessionroofingworker,TigerWoods,agolferandthesportsbiggestsuperstartheplace,maybetheylivednearorinthewoods,Interpreting,Back,OscarWilde,anIrishwriterofpoems,stories,andespeciallyhumorousplayspersonalqualities;maybethepersonisundisciplinedinbehaviour,HarryPotter,thefictionalcreationaprofessionie.makerofdrinkingvessels,Interpreting,Back,ClintEastwood,afamousUSactoranddirectorthelocation,LouisArmstrong,oneofthemostimportantUSJazzmusicianthepersonalqualityofhavingstrongarms,Interpreting,Workinthreegroupsanddiscussthequestions.Yourtasksare:Group1Group2Group3,Interpreting,1Doyouthinkthispassageiscompleteoranextractfromalongerarticle?2Whatisthewritersmainpurpose?3Howdoesthewriterorganizetheinformation?,tightlyorganized,probablycomplete,toentertainandtoinformthereaderaboutsurnames,chronologically,byfollowingthehistoricaltimesequence,click,click,click,Back,Interpreting,4Whydoesthepassagerefertorockstarsatthebeginning?5Whydoesitrefertoglobalmigrationattheend?,Back,click,Beginning,Arouseinterestinthereaders,End,Moveontoconsiderthepresentandfuture,Interpreting,6Howmanyverbsandadverbscanyoufindwhichindicateprogression?Andthenusethemtomakeupsomesentencesbyyourself.,Back,Verbs:started,adopted,arose,grew,ledto,movedto,migrated,generated,followedAdverbs:first,finally,gradually,Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.,Criticalthinking,1Howmuchdoesanametellusaboutapersonsidentityorcharacter?,2Whatistherelationshipbetweensurnamesandpower?,click,click,verylittletheoriginofthenamesisfarinthepastmanyfamiliesshareonesurname,1Howmuchdoesanametellusaboutapersonsidentityorcharacter?,Back,Criticalthinking,Back,2Whatistherelationshipbetweensurnamesandpower?,Criticalthinking,Debating,Workintwogroupsandhaveadebateaboutthetopic:Wouldaworldinwhichpeoplehadnumbersinsteadofnamesbebetter?,click,Back,Debating,Impersonalwewouldgetusedtoitandtreasureourownnumbers.youwouldneedtouseverylongnumbers.itwouldbetooclumsy.China,withitslargepopulation,isalreadyshortofnames;numberswouldonlymaketheproblemworse.,Someinformationyouneed,Summarising,Talkingpoint,Summarising,Differentareasoftheworld_surnamesatdifferentperiodsintime.The_wereamongthefirstpeopletousefamilynamesto_theirparentsfromabout2,800B.C.Butitwasntcommonpractice_Europeuntilthe10thor11thcentury.As_grew,itbecamenecessarytoadoptfixedsurnamesfor_reasons.Usuallythesesurnamestodayderivefrom_ormoralqualities,atradeor_,geographicdescriptions,adopted,Chinese,honour,throughout,communities,administrative,personal,occupation,Listenandfillintheblankswithwordsyouheartocompletethesummaryofthetext.,More,Summarising,(eg.aplaceoforigin),andsomeones_withanother.A_event,suchasinvasionbyaforeignpower,hasoftenhadaneffectonsurnames.,relationship,historic,Back,Talkingpoint,Workinpairs.LookattheresearchfindingsonPage134andmatchthephotoswiththepictures.,Visitformoreinformation.,More,Talkingpoint,Workinpairsandassociategivennameswithaparticulartypeofappearanceandcharacter.,More,Bob,Macy,Peter,Whatkindpersontheywouldbe?,Talkingpoint,Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.1Doyoufindsuchassociationssurprising?2Canyouexplaintheminanyway?3CanyouguesstheassociationspeoplemakewithotherEnglishnames?4AretheresimilarassociationswithChinesenames?,click,click,click,click,Talkingpoint,1Doyoufindsuchassociationssurprising?,Back,LesssurprisingTherearemanywaysinwhichanamecouldgetconnectedwithacertainsortofperson.,Talkingpoint,2Canyouexplaintheminanyway?,Back,Mary,ThemotherofJesus,Asignofmotherlyqualitieslikegentleness,Alexandra,Alongname,Belongtokingsandqueens,Peoplehalfrememberfamouspeopleorcharactersfromfiction.,Talkingpoint,3CanyouguesstheassociationspeoplemakewithotherEnglishnames?,Back,Teresa,MotherTeresa,Soundloving,David,DavidBeckham,Manly,James,JamesBond,Braveandintelligent,Itprobablytakesmorethanonepersontogiveanameafeeltoit.,Talkingpoint,4AretheresimilarassociationswithChinesenames?,Back,简明简单简洁陈卓冷静李享严明严厉,Difficultsentences,Languageinuse,Preview,Wordstonote,Informationrelated,Difficultsentences,InEurope,theRomansstartedcallingpeoplebytheirgivennameandfamilynameinLatinfrom300BC,butitwasntcommonpracticethroughoutEuropeuntilthe10thor11thcentury,whenfirst,thelordsandgentry,thenmiddle-classcitizens,andfinallyeveryoneusedsurnames.,click,Suddenlytherewasmorethanonepersonwiththesamenameinavillage,sosurnameswereused.,click,IntheUKandtheUS,asignificantproportionofthepopulationcomprisesasubstantialnumberofimmigrantsoverseveralgenerations,wheregivennamesandsurnamesfromdifferentoriginsarecombinedbypeoplemarryingoutsidetheirethnicgroup.,click,Difficultsentence1,Trans,Anals,在欧洲，罗马人从公元前300年起就用拉丁文的姓和名称呼别人，但是一直到公元10或者11世纪，这种做法才在整个欧洲流行起来，最先是在贵族阶层中间，然后是城市的中产阶级，到最后所有人都开始使用姓氏。,until和when比较难处理，需要灵活翻译，并且把长句拆分成若干短句。,InEurope,theRomansstartedcallingpeoplebytheirgivennameandfamilynameinLatinfrom300BC,butitwasntcommonpracticethroughoutEuropeuntilthe10thor11thcentury,whenfirst,thelordsandgentry,thenmiddle-classcitizens,andfinallyeveryoneusedsurnames.,Back,Difficultsentence2,Trans,Anals,在一个村子里会忽然间出现两个同名的人，所以人们就开始用姓来区分。,译成汉语时需变换主语，原文所采取的客观的立场不太符合中文的思维习惯。,Suddenlytherewasmorethanonepersonwiththesamenameinavillage,sosurnameswereused.,Back,IntheUKandtheUS,asignificantproportionofthepopulationcomprisesasubstantialnumberofimmigrantsoverseveralgenerations,wheregivennamesandsurnamesfromdifferentoriginsarecombinedbypeoplemarryingoutsidetheirethnicgroup.,Difficultsentence3,Trans,在英国和美国，人口中很大一部分几代都是移民，他们和其他族裔的人通婚，于是不同姓氏和名字结合在了一起。,Ex.,click,TranslatetheparagraphsintoEnglish.先前的一些调查表明，在这个国家的政治选举中种族曾经是最为重要的因素，因为这是一个由多个种族、多个民族组成的国家。随后，大量移民的涌入使得情况更为复杂。候选人不得不把信仰、文化等问题考虑进来。(compriseof;substantial;complicate),Accordingtosomepriorsurveys,raceusedtobethemostimportantfactorinpoliticalelectionsofthiscountry,asthepopulationiscomprisedofmultiracesandmultiethnics.However,asubstantialnumberofimmigrantscomplicatedthesituationascandidatesareobligedtotaketheissuesoffaithandculturesintoconsideration.,Languagepoints,priordominantobligevanishhistoricmigrate,handdown,endin,prioradj.,happening,existing,ordonebeforeaparticulartime,(1)Illegallyparkedcarsmayberemovedatanytimewithoutprior_.(2)IamafraidIwontbeabletocome.Ivegotaprior_.(3)Studentswithnoprior_ofthetargetlanguagewillhavesomeproblems.(4)Theplaneseemedtocatchfireafewsecondsprior_takingoff.,Completethesentenceswiththewordsinthecolumn.,notice,engagement,knowledge,to,toknowledgeengagementnotice,More,priorityn.,somethingimportant,thatmustbedonefirstorneedsmoreattentionthananythingelse,Translatethefollowingsentences.(1)赶时髦是她最不看重的。Befashionablewaslowonherlistofpriorities.(2)Busestake/havepriorityoverothervehiclesontheroad.和公路上的其他车辆相比，公共汽车享有优先通行权。,More,priorityn.,Translatethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthecolumn.,top/high/main/immediatepriorityset/establish/identifyprioritiesgivesomethingtop/highprioritygiveprioritytosomething,1.将优先考虑来自低收入家庭的孩子。2.安全必须被置于首要地位。,Prioritywillbegiventochildrenoffamilieswithlowincomes.,Safetymustbegiventhehighestpriority.,More,priorityn.,Translatethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthecolumn.,top/high/main/immediatepriorityset/establish/identifyprioritiesgivesomethingtop/highprioritygiveprioritytosomething,3.这是确定研究工作优先次序的讨论小组。4.健康保险将是我们最优先考虑的事情。,Thereisadiscussiongroupthatsetsprioritiesforresearch.,Healthinsurancewillbeourtoppriority.,dominantadj.,moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype,a)thedominantpositioninthemarketb)adominantpersonalityc)thedominantcolourinthepainting,市场上的统治地位霸道的个性画作的主色,Workinpairs.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.,Usethesephrasestomakeupsomesentencesbyyourself.,More,dominatev.,tocontrolsomethingorsomeone,ofteninanegativeway,becauseyouhavemorepowerorinfluence,她往往会在谈话中占支配地位。Shetendstodominatetheconversation.,tobethemostimportantissue,activity,problemetc.inaparticularsituation,地震又一次成为最重大的新闻。Theearthquakeonceagaindominatedthenews.,obligev.,(usuallypassive)toforcesomeonetodosomethingbecauseitisthelaw,arule,oraduty,主必须依法支付最低工资。Employersarelegallyobligedtopaytheminimumwage.,tohelpsomeonebydoingsomethingthattheyhaveaskedyoutodo,球迷们希望多进几个球，弗格森及时满足了他们的愿望。Thefanswantedmoregoals,andFergusondulyobliged.,More,Translatethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthecolumn.,be/feelobligedtodosomethinghappy/glad/willingtoobligeIwouldbeobliged,1.他们觉得有义务要款待他。2.如果还有什么我能做的话，我永远乐意效劳。,Theyfeltobligedtoofferhimhospitality.,IftheresanythingelseIcando,Imalwayshappytooblige.,More,obligev.,Translatethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthecolumn.,3.这件事情如果能得到您的指教我将很感激。,Iwouldbeobligedthereforetoreceiveyourinstructiononthismatter.,obligev.,be/feelobligedtodosomethinghappy/glad/willingtoobligeIwouldbeobliged,More,Translatethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthecolumn.,3.该委员会没有履行它对公众承担的法律责任。,Thecouncilhasfailedtofulfillitsstatutoryobligationtothepublic.,obligationn.,haveobligationtosb./sth.meet/honour/fulfillanobligationunderanobligationtosb/dosth.,1.公司应该对客户负责。2.购买者没有公开个人经济情况的法律义务。,Thefirmhasanobligationtoitscustomers.,Buyershavenolegalobligationtodisclosepersonalfinancialinformation.,More,obligationn.,4.法庭认为该银行必须归还这笔存款。5.我只是不想欠他的人情。,Thecourtheldthatthebankwasunderanobligationtoreturnthedeposit.,Ijustdontwanttobeunderanobligationtohim.,haveobligationtosb./sth.meet/honour/fulfillanobligationunderanobligationtosb/dosth.,Translatethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthecolumn.,todisappearinasuddenandmysteriousway,(1)Thecompanythatsuppliedthecargohasvanishedintothin_.(2)Theeaglesvanishedfrom_andwewalkedon.(3)Hevanishedintothe_.,Completethesentenceswiththewordsinthecolumn.,darknessairsight,air,sight,darkness,vanishv.,historicadj.,More,historicvshistorical,Choosethesuitablewords.1.Touristsliketovisit_monumentssuchasStonehengeandWestminsterAbbey.2.Thepaintingdepictsanactual_event.3.Wearewaitingforthepresidents_visittoVietnam.4.Theconflictneedstobeputinits_contexttobeunderstood.,historic,historical,historic,historical,amigrantpersonoranimalisonethattravelstoadifferentplaceorpartoftheworldinordertostaythere,某些移民群体似乎比另一些适应得更好。,migrantadj.,Certainmigrantgroupsseemtodobetterthanothers.,More,migrantadj.,handdown,togiveknowledgeorskilltosomeonewhoisyoungerthanyouandwillliveafteryouhavedied,Completethesentenceswithphrasalverbsofhand.,handbackhandonhandouthandinhanddownhandroundhandover,1Theofficer_memypassport_.2Theseskillshavebeen_fromgenerationtogeneration.3Allessaysmustbe_byTuesday.4Thefarmwillbe_tohisson.5Ralphwas_drinks.,handedin,handed,handeddown,handedon,back,More,handingout,handdown,togiveknowledgeorskilltosomeonewhoisyoungerthanyouandwillliveafteryouhavedied,Completethesentenceswithphrasalverbsofhand.,handbackhandonhandouthandinhanddownhandover,6Thesuspectshavenowbeen_totheFrenchauthorities.,handedover,endin,tohavesomethingasafinalresult,Completethesentenceswithappropriateprepositions.(1)Hisattempttopersuadetheboyended_failure.(2)Iended_spendingthenightintheairport.(3)Thefestivalended_fireworks.,in,up,with,Usefulexpressionsasmuch/manyasthereis/arecollocations,Languageinuse,Usefulexpressions,Activereading1:Resources,More,1.传给下一代,1.handdowntothenextgeneration,2.使用世袭姓氏,2.adopthereditarysurnames,3.主要特征,3.adominantfeature,4.身体特征,4.aphysicalattribute,5.祖籍,5.aplaceoforigin,6.地理学描述,6.geographicdescription,7.道德品质,7.moralqualities,8.如法炮制,8.followsuit,9.历史事件,10.外国势力入侵,10.invasionbyaforeignpower,9.ahistoricevent,Usefulexpressions,11.新建殖民地方,11.thenewly-createdcolony,12.和其他族裔通婚,12.marryoutsidetheethnicgroup,13.百分百确定,13.withtotalcertainty,Activereading1:Resources,asmuch/manyasthereis/are,Workinpairsandrewritethesentencesusingasmuch/manyasthereis/are.StudentAreadstheoriginalsentence,andstudentBgivesthenewsentence.,More,1InBritainforeverycurioussurnamethereisaninterestingplacename.2F