LearningaboutLanguage (10)

Unit3computersLearningaboutlanguage,1.Tolearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressions2.Tolearnthepresentperfectpassivevoice.3.Tomasterthestructure.,Learningaims,1.Fillthewordorexpressionforeachofthefollowingmeaningsfromthetext.,1_completechangeinwaysofthinking,working,etc2_connectedcomputersystem3_tomakethingseasier4_tofindtheanswerusingnumbers,revolution,network,simplify,LearningaboutLaguage,calculate,5_canbemovedeasilyfromplacetoplace6_toworkouttheanswertoaproblem7_totravelaroundanareatofindoutaboutit8_completely9_anyway10_activityofmanagingmoney,mobile,solve,explore,totally,anyhow,finance,2.Completethepassagewiththewordsbelow.,artificialtechnologyintelligentapplicationsexploreWebrealitylogically,Whenmybrotherwasinhighschool,hewasveryinterestedincomputersandenjoyedwritingprogramsofhisown.HeusedtodownloadinformationfromtheInternetandmade,gooduseofit.Helikedto_theWorldWide_andusedtheInternettocommunicatewithcomputerprogrammersallovertheworld.WhenhewenttouniversityhestudiedIT(information_)anddevelopedaspecialin_,explore,Web,technology,artificial,intelligence.Afterdevelopingspecial_ofthecomputer,hehopestodesignan_robotwhichcanthink_andlooklikehumanbeing,butin_hewasalongwaytogo.,logically,applications,intelligent,reality,ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice,Grammar,现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。,现在完成时的被动语态,Thestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/hasbeened,主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“已经被”。Thenewschoolhasbeensetup.新学校已经建成了。,2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+doneTheexperimenthasbeendonesuccessfully.这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+doneTomsnovelhasnotbeenpublished.汤姆的小说还没有被出版。,现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+doneWhohasbeeninvited?谁受到了邀请？,现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由have/hasbeenv-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动。IhavebeentoldaboutitmanytimesThebridgehasjustbeenbuilt,在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词：have/has和been。2.必须表示被动。,注意:,副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:误Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.正Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.,2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.正GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.,(2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。,3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.,4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：,Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?,(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。,主动语态变被动语态的方法,(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.,(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.,(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.,1.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided,单选,2.Everypossiblemeans_topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused,3.Allthepreparationsforthetask_andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted,4.Somenewoilfields_since1976.A.wereopenedupB.hasopenedupC.havebeenopenedupD.hadbeenopenedup,5.Thesilenceofthelibrary_onlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.A.hasbeenbrokenB.breaksC.brokeD.wasbroken,6._thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold,TurnthefollowingintothePassiveVoice.1.Wehaveplantedsometreesaroundthelake.2.Myfatherhaslockedthedoor.3.Someonehasturnedoffthelight.,Sometreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.,Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.,Thedoorhasbeenlocked.,4.TheywillholdtheOlympicGamesinLondonintheyear2012.5.Theyhaverebuiltthebridge.,Thebridgehasbeenrebuilt.,TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinLondonintheyear2012.,(1)误Manynewbuildingsbeenbuiltsince1980.正Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince1980分析:谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。,试分析：,(2)误Somethingbadhasbeenhappenedtohim.正Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.分析:被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。,(3)误IhaveintroducedtoMrSmith正IhavebeenintroducedtoMrSmith(byMrWang).分析:introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。,(4)误Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.正Thedoorhasopenedofitself分析:有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。ofitself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。,PuttheChineseintoEnglishtocompletethesentences.1.Youcanseethehouse_(未油漆)foryears.2.Howmanyworkers_(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?3.WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?She_(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.,hasnotbeen,painted,havebeensent,hasbeenlaughedat,4.Itissaidthatthehouse_(闯进了)bytwothieves.5._hisviews_(受到批判)bythem?6.Thetwopens_(未被拿走)byhim.7.Where_thetelevision_(已经修理了)?,Have,beencriticized,havenotbeentakenaway,has,been,repaired,brokeninto,hasbeen,8.Theprice