高级英语下册

自考高英下册冲刺复习说明,红色为历年考题；蓝色为重点；下划线为词语辨析,最新题型,1，完形填空从上下册中抽出5段文字，每段长度40-60词，可是完整段落也可是段落的一部分（相对独立句群）。每段文字设5空，每空1分，计25分。2.单项选择从A，B，C，D四个选项中选出一个正确的项完成句子。考查内容为课后练习D部分的近义词辨析。15小题，每题一分，计15分。阅读阅读一篇约1000单词的文章。下设三种题型：3.单项选择考查文意理解。10小题，每题2分，计20分。4.英汉翻译从该篇文章中抽出5个句子，要求翻译成中文。每题2分，计10分。5.问答就文章提出一个问题，要求回答。计10分。6.汉英翻译从文章中摘出相关句子的中文，要求翻译成英文。共6小题，1-4小题为较简短的单句，每句2分，第5小题为较长的单句，计4分，第6小题为句群，计8分。6句共计20分。,新题型相对于以前的变化,取消了从文章中摘出的单句完形题。该题分值分配给段落完形及汉译英。2.段落完形由四篇增加到五篇，每篇由6空减到5空。总数由24空增加到25空。每空分值由0.5分增加到1分，总分值由12分增加到25分。3.汉译英第5小题句子长度增加，分值相应由2分增加到4分。6小题总分由18分增加到20分。从汉英翻译及完形填空的选择来看，上册比重在60%左右。,复习方法,1.出声朗读每篇至少两遍。然后重点读重点段落。2.精读弄清文意以及段落框架，尽可能记得文章的论述思路和要点。3.翻译练习对文章进行口头翻译。(英汉互译)；笔头翻译较难句子(主要是汉译英)。4.重点段落关注划出的重点段落，准备完形。仔细分析文章，关注其他可能出完形的地方。5.课后练习重点关注D部分近义词辨析。做完自考通练习中的汉译英。,BookTwoLessonOne:ThecompanyinwhichIwork1drainedbytimeandsuccessofenergyandambition.2noteventhepeoplewhoarecreditedwithrunningit3Greendistrustsmefitfully.4Iwillbypasshimonmostofourassignments5Mostoftheworkwedoinmydepartmentis,inthelongrun,trivial.6Heturnsscarletwithrageandembarrassment.7Theyliveandworkunderpressure8Theyarealwaysontrial,alwaysonthevergeoffailure9Theystraintolookgoodonpaper10Thefiguresarephotocopiedanddistributedthroughoutthecompanytoallthepeopleanddepartmentswhoseworkisrelatedtoselling.11thereisalmostcontinuouspublicscrutiny12forfeartheymaystartdoingworse.13Whenasalesmanlandsalargeorderorbringsinanimportantnewaccount,hiselationisbrief,14broodingmiserablyaboutthefuture15hasagrudgeagainsthimandisdeterminedtowreckhiscareer.(grudge,malice)16withlargepersonalexpenseaccountsthattheysquandergenerouslyonotherpeople(squander,spend)17willpayfortheircountryclubmembershipandallchargestheyincurthere18Ifasalesmanswifediesandheisnotreadytoremarry,heisusuallymovedintoanadministrativepositionafterseveralmonthsofmourning.19Stragelyenough,thesalesmenreactverywelltotheconstantpressureandrigidsupervisiontowhichtheyaresubjected.Theyarestimulatedandmotivatedbydisciplineanddirection.Theythriveonexplicitguidancetowardclearobjectives.20Theremustbesomethinginthemakeupofamanthatenableshimnotonlytobeasalesman,buttowanttobeone.21theyarenolongerpermittedtoundertakelargeprojects.,22Butthatdoesntseemtomatter23theinformationcomefromareputablesource.24PeopleintheMarketResearchDepartmentareneverheldtoblameforconditionstheydiscoveroutsidethecompanythatplaceusatacompetitivedisadvantage.25Theyarenotexpectedtochangereality,butmerelytofinditiftheycansuggestingeniouswaysofdisguisingit.(ingenious,ingenuous)26inconvertingwholetruthsintohalftruthsandhalftruthsintowholeones.27Iamverygoodatthesetechniquesofdeception,althoughIamnotalwaysableanymoretodeceivemyself.Infact,Iamcontinuouslyastonishedbypeopleinthecompanywhofallvictimtotheirownpropaganda.Therearesomanynowwhoactuallybelievethatwhatwedoisreallyimportant.28theshrewd,capableexecutivesintopmanagement.29welaunchanewadvertisingcampaignthefirstonestobetakenin.,30Wewisegrownupshereatthecompanygoslidinginandoutalldaylong,scaringeachotheratourdesksandtryingtoevadethepeoplewhofrightenus.31Wegoose-stepinandgoose-stepout,changeourpartnersandwanderallabout,andgobackhometillwealldropdead.32orwithmyretardedson33Iamboredwithmyworkveryoftennow.EverythingroutinethatcomesinIpassalongtosomebodyelse.34Actually,Ienjoymyworkwhentheassignmentsarelargeandurgentandsomewhatfrighteningandwillcometotheattentionofmanypeople.Igetscared,andunabletosleepatnight,butIusuallyperformatmybestunderthisstimulatingkindofpressureandenjoymyjobthemost.Ihandlealloftheseimportantprojectsmyself,andIrejoicewithtremendousprideandvanityinthecomplimentsIreceivewhenIdothemwell.Butbetweensuchpeaksofchallengeandelationthereismonotonyanddespair.(compliment,complement),35thereisalarge,emotionalletdown36IfrequentlyfeelImbeingtakenadvantageof37Theseexercisesinmaliceneverfailtoboostmyspirits38hewouldgiveyouaresoundingNo!,regardlessofwhatinducementswereoffered.,1我想只有智者才会知道自己是傻瓜,只有最诚实的人才知道自己是骗子。Itsawiseperson,Iguess,whoknowshesdumb,andanhonestpersonwhoknowshesaliar.2我现在经常对工作非常厌烦。每项常规的工作我总是交给其他人处理。而这使我更加感到厌烦。要判断究竟是干令人生厌的工作烦人，还是将令人生厌的工作交给他人处理，然后无所事事更烦人，这真是个问题。Iamboredwithmyworkveryoftennow.EverythingroutinethatcomesinIpassalongtosomebodyelse.Thismakesmyboredomworse.Itsarealproblemtodecidewhetheritsmoreboringtodosomethingboringthantopassalongeverythingboringthatcomesintosomebodyelseandthenhavenothingtodoatall.3但是在这种挑战与兴奋的颠峰之间是单调与绝望。Butbetweensuchpeaksofchallengeandelationthereismonotonyanddespair.,重点段落,第1页第1段；第3页倒数第1段；第5页第2段；第6页第2、4段；,LessonTwo:Eveline1Shesatatthewindowwatchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue.2Herheadwasleanedagainstthewindowcurtains3brightbrickhouseswithshiningroofs.4hunttheminoutofthefieldwithhisblackthornstick5keepnix6Shelookedaroundtheroom,reviewingallitsfamiliarobjects7passitwithacasualword8Shehadconsentedtogoaway9Shetriedtoweigheachsideofthequestion.10Shehadalwayshadanedgeonher11Evennow,thoughshewasovernineteen,shesometimesfeltherselfindangerofherfathersviolence.12hadgivenherthepalpitations.13hehadnevergoneforher14whathewoulddotoheronlyforhermotherssake.,15theinvariablesquabbleformoneyonSaturdaynightshadbeguntowearyherunspeakably.16Hesaidsheusedtosquanderthemoney,thatshehadnohead,thathewasntgoingtogiveherhishard-earnedmoneytothrowaboutthestreets17sheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowdsandreturninghomelateunderherloadofprovisions.18Shehadhardworktokeepthehousetogetherandtoseethatthetwoyoungchildrenwhohadbeenlefttoherchargewenttoschoolregularlyandgottheirmealsregularly.19ShewasabouttoexploreanotherlifewithFrank.Frankwasverykind,manly,open-hearted.20hewaslodginginahouse21hispeakedcappushedbackonhisheadandhishairtumbledforwardoverafaceofbronze.(stumble,tumble)22HehadfallenonhisfeetinBuenosAyres23Theeveningdeepenedintheavenue.,24whenshehadbeenlaidupforaday25inhalingtheodourofdustycretonne.26herpromisetokeepthehometogetheraslongasshecould.27sheheardamelancholyairofItaly.28Asshemusedthepitifulvisionofhermotherslifelaiditsspellontheveryquickofherbeing-thatlifeofcommonplacesacrificesclosinginfinalcraziness.29Frankwouldtakeherinhisarms,foldherinhisarms.30Shestoodamongtheswayingcrowdinthestation31sayingsomethingaboutthepassageoverandoveragain.32shecaughtaglimpseoftheblackmassoftheboatwithilluminedportholes.33Shefelthercheekpaleandcoldand,outofamazeofdistress,sheprayedtoGodtodirecther,toshowherwhatwasherduty.Theboatblewamournfulwhistleintothemist.Ifshewent,tomorrowshewouldbeontheseawithFrank,steamingtowardsBuenosAyres.Theirpassagehadbeenbooked.Couldshestilldrawbackafterallhedoneforher?,34Herdistressawokeanauseainherbodyandshekeptmovingherlipsinsilentferventprayer.35Amidtheseashesentacryofanguish.(anguish,agony),1她坐在窗前见暮色笼罩着街头.她的头靠在窗帘上,鼻腔里是提花窗帘上尘土气味.她累了。Shesatatthewindowwatchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue.Herheadwasleanedagainstthewindowcurtains,andinhernostrilswastheodourofdustycretonne.Shewastired.2她站在靠北墙车站的蠕动的人群中.他握着她的手,她知道他在跟她说话,一遍有一遍地讲有关这次旅行的事。ShestoodamongtheswayingcrowdinthestationatheNorthWall.Heheldherhandandsheknewthathewasspeakingtoher,sayingsomethingabouthepassageoverandoveragain.3她的心潮汹涌澎湃。Alltheseasoftheworldtumbledaboutherheart.,第26页第3、4段,LessonThree:Whatswrongwithourpress?1Newspapershavetwogreatadvantagesovertelevision.Theycanbeusedbymenasbarriersagainsttheirwives.Itisstilltheonlyeffectivescreenagainstthemorningfeaturesofthelovedone,andassuch,performsauniquehumanservice.Thesecondadvantageisthatyoucantlineagarbagepailwithatelevisionset-itsusuallytheotherwayaround.2asagainstnineteenpercentforradio.3Mr.Roperaskedthesesameharriedpeople.4whichofthefourversionswouldyoubemostinclinedtobelieve?5WhenMr.Roperaskedhisguineapigswhichofthesemediatheywouldbeleastinclinedtobelieve,thenewspaperstoppedthelist.Inabigway,too.6Thefactisthatalthoughnetworktelevisionstillallotstoolittletimetothevitalserviceofinformingthepublic,itdoesabetterjobinthatlittletimethanthenationspressasawhole.AndwhenIspeakofthenationspressasawhole,Iamnotspeakingofthefiveorsixsplendidnewspapers-andtheonegreatnewspaper-whichservetheworldasmodelsofresponsiblepublicinformation.,7asidefromthoserecitalsoftickertapethatpassforradionews.8theoftenrabidbiasthatcolorstheeditorialpages9confineshimselftoonlyonepungentfootnoteonthissubject.10Someofthesamepaperswhichloudlyextolthevirtuesoffreeenterprise11Veryoftenthepicturetakesprecedenceoverthepoint.Butbyandlarge12orbyoutliningthepositionsheldbybothmajorparties13televisiondoestoleratethekindofdistortionoffact,thekindofpartisanvirulenceandpersonalpeeve14Initsentertainment,televisioncatersfartoomuchtothelowerinstinctsofman,particularlythelustforviolence.15Anewspaperhastheright-thedutyeven-toassumeanattitude,totakeaposition.16toexplainthatpositioninthelightoftheopposingone,todocumentthatposition,andtobolsterit,notwithemotionbutwithfact.,17tostrengthenthismuscleofdigestion,withoutwhichnewscanneithernourishnorinform.18acollectionofsnippetsusedasfillersbetweentheadsandpickedatrandom.19whichanintelligentmanorwomancanenjoyandderiveinterestfrom.20Ipickupthelocalpapertofindthisenjoymentorinterest-invain.21Theyhaveheldtheirfranchisesolongthatchangehasbecomeinadmissible.22Andthisresistancetochangeistheendofgrowth-which,inturn,markstheendofusefulness.(inturn,inreturn)23Itiseasiertoprintwireservicesdispatchesthanhaveareporteronthebeat.Itiseasiertolettheadsdictatetheformatthandevelopaformatthatelevatesnewsabovedogfood.Itiseasiertowriteeditorialcopythatappealstoemotionratherthanreason.,24Nopicturecaneverbeanadequatesubstitute.Thewordwillprevail25Forifyoudegradeandcheapenthewordtoolong,thepeoplewillturntothepicture.26tofindyouhavelostthegreatestpowerentrustedtomen,1现在,电视中的新闻报道常常是肤浅的,不充分的;画面常常凌驾于观点之上。Now,veryoften,televisioncoverageofnewsissuperficialandinadequate.Veryoftenthepicturetakesprecedenceoverthepoint.2报纸有权利,甚至是有责任表明态度,采取某一立场.但它还有一种神圣的权利,就是针对反对党的立场来解释这一立场,并用详实的材料证明这一立场并支持这一立场,不是感情用事而是用事实支持这一立场。Anewspaperhastheright-thedutyeven-toassumeanattitude,totakeaposition.Butithasanequallysacredrighttoexplainthatpositioninthelightoftheopposingone,todocumentthatposition,andtobolsterit,notwithemotionbutwithfact.3对电视最大的也是最有道理的批评是它尽可能去迎合多数的观众,却忽略了少数的观众和个别人的品位。Oneofthegreatestandmostjustifiedcriticismsoftelevisionhasbeenthatinappealingtothelargestaudiencepossible,itneglectsminorityaudiencesandminoritytastes.4反对变化也就是阻止发展,而停止了发展,报纸也就失去了作用。Thisresistancetochangeistheendofgrowth-which,inturn,markstheendofnewspapersusefulness.,重点段落,第37页第1段；第38页第4段；第40页第2段；第41页第3段；,LessonFour:ThetragedyofoldageinAmerica1Americansfinditdifficulttothinkaboutoldageuntiltheyarepropelledintothemidstofitbytheirownagingandthatofrelativesandfriends.2Agingistheneglectedstepchildofthehumanlifecycle.3Deathisadramaticone-timecrisiswhileoldageisaday-by-dayandyear-by-yearconfrontationwithpowerfulexternalandinternalforces,abittersweetcomingtotermswithonesownpersonalityandoneslife.4Thoseofuswhoarenotoldbarricadeourselvesfromdiscussions5Medicarehaslulledthepopulationintoreassuringitselfthattheonceterriblefinancialburdensoflatelifeillnessesarenoteradicated.6theyarepicturedasdelightedresidents7areexpectantlytoilingthroughtheirworkdays.8Asecondthemerunsthroughthepopularviewofoldage.9theyhavepassedtheirprime10Whatcanwepossiblyconcludefromthesediscrepantpointsofview?,11thewayoneexperiencesoldageiscontingentuponphysicalhealth12Allofthesearecrucialandinterconnectedelements13Oldageisneitherinherentlymiserablenorinherentlysublime14Theoldcompletingtheirprescribedlifespansandmakingwayfortheyoung.15theimminenceofdeath.16theymustconservestrengthandresources(conserve,preserve)17FormanyelderlyAmericansoldageisatragedy,aperiodofquietdespair,deprivation,desolationandmutedrage.Thiscanbeaconsequenceofthekindoflifeapersonhasledinyoungeryearsandtheproblemsinhisorherrelationshipswithothers.Therearealsoinevitablepersonalandphysicallossestobesustained,someofwhichcanbecomeoverwhelmingandunbearable.(consequence,result)18theelderlystruggletoexistinaninhospitableworld.19Povertyordrasticallyloweredincomeandoldagegohandinhand.20joinedbymultitudesofpeople,21recentincreasesdonotkeepupwithsoaringcostsofliving.22Savingscanbewipedoutbyasingleunexpectedcatastrophe.23Eventherelativelywell-offarenotassuredofanincomethatwillsupportthem.24liveinsubstandardliving.Manymoremustdeprivethemselvesofessentialstokeeptheirhomesinrepair.25TheAmericandreampromisedolderpeoplethatiftheyworkedhardenoughalltheirlives,thingswouldturnoutwellforthem.Todayselderlywerebroughtuptobelieveinpride,self-relianceandindependence.Manyaretough,determinedindividualswhomanagetosurviveagainstadversity.Buteventhetoughonesreachapointwherehelpshouldbeavailabletothem.26SocialSecuritypenalizestheoldbyreducingtheirincomechecks27Employersrarelymakeconcessionsforthepossiblephysicallimitationsofotherwisevaluableolderemployees,28Voluntaryhospitalsarewellknownfordumpingthe“Medicarepatient”intomunicipalhospitals;municipalhospitalsinturnfunnelthemintonursinghomes29Oldwomenfareworsethanoldmen.30Whenwidowedtheydonothavethesamesocialprerogatives31theyarelikelytoendupalone32MostdonotlivelongenoughtobeeligibleforthebenefitsofSocialSecurityandMedicare.Povertyisthenorm.scantattentionispaidtotheirparticularculturalinterestsandheritage.33havetakenatolloftheirelderlyandtheirfamilies.,1确实对付死亡比对付老年生活容易得多。Intruth,itiseasiertomanagetheproblemofdeaththantheproblemoflivingasanoldperson.2老龄的悲剧并不在于我们必然变老和终将死去这样的现实,而在于由于感觉迟钝、糊涂无知、身无分文而使这一过程变得没有必要而却难以忍受地痛苦、屈辱、乏力和孤独。Thetragedyofoldageisnotthefactthateachofusmustgrowoldanddiebutthattheprocessofdoingsohasbeenmadeunnecessarilyandattimesexcruciatinglypainful,humiliating,debilitatingandisolatingthroughinsensitivity,ignoranceandpoverty.3美国梦向老人们许诺，只要一生勤勤恳恳，一切终会好的。TheAmericandreampromisedolderpeoplethatiftheyworkedhardenoughalltheirlives,thingswouldturnoutwellforthem.4显然老年人比年轻人患病更频繁也更严重。Itisobviousthattheoldgetsickmorefrequentlyandmoreseverelythantheyoung.,重点段落,第51页第1段；第53页第二段；第55页第4段；,LessonFive:Trifles(Partone)1ThekitcheninthenowabandonedfarmhouseofJohnWright,agloomykitchen,andleftwithouthavingbeenputinorder2AtthereartheouterdooropensandthesheriffcomesinfollowedbytheattorneyandMr.Hale.3ThesheriffandMr.Halearemeninmiddlelifeallaremuchbundledup4Ihadmyhandsfullyesterday5ImgoingtoseeifIcantgetJohnWrighttogoinwithmeonapartytelephone6IspoketoWrightaboutitoncebeforeandheputmeoff7Shehadheraproninherhandandwaskindof-pleatingit.(pleat,wrinkle)8Andkindofdoneup.9Somebodyslippedaroperoundhisneckandstrangledhim,10Shemovedfromthatchairtothisoneoverhere.Andjustsattherewithherhandsheldtogetherandlookingdown.IgotafeelingthatIoughttomakesomeconversation,soIsaidIhadcomeintoseeifJohnwantedtoputinatelephone,andatthatshestartedtolaugh,andthenshestoppedandlookedatme-scared.11Well,canyoubeatthewomen!Heldformurderandworryingaboutherpreserves.12Well,womenareusedtoworryingovertrifles.13Withthegallantryofayoungpolitician.14shehadthehomemakinginstinct.15Iwanttogetthelayofthingsupstairsnow.16keepaneyeoutforanythingthatmightbeofusetous.17Idhatetohavemencomingintomykitchen,snoopingaroundandcriticizing.,18Shearrangesthepansundersinkwhichthecountyattorneyhadshovedoutofplace.19Seemsmeantotalkaboutherfornothavingthingsslickedupwhenshehadtocomeawayinsuchahurry.20Eyesfixedonaloafofbreadbesidethebreadbox21Wightwasclose.Ithinkmaybethatswhyshekeptsomuchtoherself.22Isupposeshefeltshecouldntdoherpart,youdontenjoythingswhenyoufeelshabby.,Lessonsix:Trifles(Parttwo)1Mr.Hendersonisawfulsarcasticinaspeechandhellmakefunofhersayingshedidntwakeup.2Itmusthavebeendoneawfulcraftyandstill.(crafty,foxy)3riggingitalluplikethat.4Ihopethatshehaditalittlemoretidiedupthere.5itseemskindofsneaking.6tryingtogetherownhousetoturnagainsther!7BetterloosenupyourthingsYouwontfeelthemwhenyougoout.8Shewaspiecingaquilt.9Iwonderifshewasgoingtoquiltitorknotit?10thewomenlookabashed.11Shesitsdownatthebigtablesmoothingoutablockwithdecision.12Badsewingalwaysmademefidgety.13Well,youmustntreproachyourself14hedidntdrink,andkepthiswordaswellasmost,Iguess,andpaidhisdebts.ButhewasahardmenLikearawwindthatgetstothebone.,15thenasifstruckbyahappythoughtandrelievedtogetbacktoeverydaythings.16Itmighttakeuphermind.17Therecouldntpossiblyanyobjectiontoit18Theressomethingwrappedupinthispieceofsilk.19Somebodywrungitsneck.20Theireyesmeet.Alookofgrowingcomprehension,ofhorror.Stepsareheardoutside.Mr.Haleslipsboxunderquiltpiecesandsinksintoherchair21Asoneturningfromseriousthingstolittlepleasantries.22Mrs.HaleglancedinaquickcovertwayatMrs.Peters.,23Thetwowomensitherenotlookingatoneanother,butasifpeeringintosomethingandatthesametimeholdingback.Whentheytalknowitisinthemanneroffeelingtheirwayoverstrangeground,asifafraidofwhattheyaresaying,butasiftheycannothelpsayingit.24Catchesherself,looksupstairswherestepsareheard,faltersweakly.25slippingaropearoundhisneckthatchokedthelifeoutofhim.26Iknowwhatstillnessis.WhenwehomesteadedinDakota27Mrs.Petersdoesntneedsupervising.Forthatmatter,asheriffswifeismarriedtothelaw.28SuddenlyMrs.Petersthrowsbackquiltpiecesandtriestoputtheboxinthebagsheiswearing.29Sheopensthebox,startstotakebirdout,cannottouchit,goestopieces,standstherehelpless.,LessonSeven:Aceinthehole1NosoonerdidhiscartouchtheboulevardheadinghomethanAceflickedontheradio.2Shellpopherlid.3Hisvoice,thoughfamiliar,irkedhim4fromthepackpinchedbetweenthecarroofandthesunshieldhepluckedacigarette,hungitonhislowerlip,snappedamatchacrosstherustyplaceonthedash.Herolleddownthewindowandsnappedthematchsoitspunend-over-endintothegutterandcockedthecigarettetowardtheroofofthecar,suckedpowerfully,andexhaledtwoplumesthroughhisnostrils.Hewasbeginningtofeellikehimself,AceAnderson,forthefirsttimethatwholeday,abadday.Hebeattimeontheaccelerator.Thecarjerkedcrazily.5Shecameoutontheporchholdingaplasticspoonandsmellingofcake.6tuckeditdeepintoonecornerofhermouth7youhadthebrainstogetoutofit,8ButIwantedtokeepatit,forthefamilyssake.9Helettherestofthethoughtfadeashewatchedakidacrossthestreetdribblingabasketball10wrappedinablueblanket.Thebabylookeddopey.“Shefussedallday,”11Acesaidwithanimpatiencethatmadehismotherblink.12itseemedstupidtohimtodrivethemeaslyhalfblockhome.13withBonnielaughingandbouncingathischest.14TherunmusthavetunedBonnieup